ASTM A401/A401M-15

Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloy

ABSTRACT
This specification covers round chromium-silicon alloy steel spring wire having properties and quality intended for the manufacture of springs resistant to set when used at moderately elevated temperatures. This product is not meant to be used for high cycle fatigue applications. Either ingot or strand cast steel may be made by any commercially accepted steel making process. The steel shall conform on heat and product analysis to the chemical composition requirements prescribed for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon and chromium. Annealed and cold drawn or oil-tempered wires shall conform to the specified mechanical properties including tensile strength. Requirements for tension and wrap tests as well as metallurgical requirements for etched surface testing and decarburization are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers round and shaped chromium-silicon alloy steel spring wire having properties and quality intended for the manufacture of springs resistant to set when used at moderately elevated temperatures. This product is not meant to be used for non-static applications involving moderate fatigue stresses (see Specification A1000/A1000M) or high cycle fatigue applications (see Specification A877/A877M). This wire shall be provided either in the annealed and cold-drawn or quench and tempered condition as specified by the purchaser.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2015
• ICS: 77.140.65 - Steel wire, wire ropes and link chains
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.03 - Steel Rod and Wire

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A401/A401M-10 - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloy
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Replaced By: ASTM A401/A401M-18 - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloy
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A1000/A1000M-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring Quality
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A401/A401M −15
Standard Specification for
1
Steel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloy
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA401/A401M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* A1000/A1000MSpecification for Steel Wire, Carbon and
Alloy Specialty Spring Quality
1.1 This specification covers round and shaped chromium-
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
silicon alloy steel spring wire having properties and quality
Determine Conformance with Specifications
intended for the manufacture of springs resistant to set when
used at moderately elevated temperatures. This product is not
3. Ordering Information
meant to be used for non-static applications involving moder-
3.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify
ate fatigue stresses (see SpecificationA1000/A1000M) or high
all requirements that are necessary for material under this
cycle fatigue applications (see Specification A877/A877M).
specification. Such requirements may include, but are not
This wire shall be provided either in the annealed and
limited to, the following:
cold-drawn or quench and tempered condition as specified by
3.1.1 Quantity (mass),
the purchaser.
3.1.2 Name of material (chromium-silicon alloy steel wire),
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.3 Dimensions (Table 1 and Section 8),
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1.4 Condition (Section 6),
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1.5 Packaging (Section 14),
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1.6 Heat analysis report, if requested (5.2),
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Sec-
with the standard.
tion 13), and
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in
3.1.8 ASTM designation and year of issue.
brackets.
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 20 000-kg,
2. Referenced Documents quench and tempered chromium-silicon alloy steel wire, size 6.00 mm in
150 kg coils toASTM A401/A401M dated ____, or for inch-pound units,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
40 000-lbquenchandtemperedchromium-siliconalloysteelspringwire,
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
size 0.250 in. in 350-lb coils to ASTM A401/A401M dated ____.
of Steel Products
A510/A510MSpecification for General Requirements for 4. Materials and Manufacture
Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel, and
4.1 The steel may be made by any commercially accepted
Alloy Steel
steel making process. The steel may be either ingot cast or
A700Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
strand cast.
for Steel Products for Shipment
4.2 The finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipe
A751Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
and undue segregation.
cal Analysis of Steel Products
A877/A877M Specification for Steel Wire, Chromium-
5. Chemical Composition
Silicon Alloy, Chrome-Silicon-Vanadium Alloy Valve
5.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements of Grade
Spring Quality
9254 for chemical composition specified in Table 2.
5.2 Heat Analysis—Each heat of steel shall be analyzed by
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
the manufacturer to determine the percentage of elements
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.
prescribed in Table 2. This analysis shall be made from a test
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originally
specimen preferably taken during the pouring of the heat.
approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A401/A401M–10.
When requested, this shall be reported to the purchaser and
DOI: 10.1520/A0401_A0401M-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or shall conform to the requirements of Table 2.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.3 Product Analysis—An analysis may be made by the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. purchaser from finished wire representing each heat of steel.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A401/A401M−15
A
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
SI Units
UNS Designation G92540 Grade No. 9254
B Ranges and Limits,
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A401/A401M − 10 A401/A401M − 15
Standard Specification for
1
Steel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A401/A401M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers round and shaped chromium-silicon alloy steel spring wire having properties and quality intended
for the manufacture of springs resistant to set when used at moderately elevated temperatures. This product is not meant to be used
for non-static applications involving moderate fatigue stresses (see Specification A1000A1000/A1000M) or high cycle fatigue
applications (see Specification A877/A877M). This wire shall be provided either in the annealed and cold-drawn or quench and
tempered condition as specified by the purchaser.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A510/A510M Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel, and Alloy Steel
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
3
A752 Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Alloy Steel (Withdrawn 2011)
A877/A877M Specification for Steel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloy, Chrome-Silicon-Vanadium Alloy Valve Spring Quality
A1000A1000/A1000M Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring Quality
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
3. Ordering Information
3.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for material under this
specification. Such requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following:
3.1.1 Quantity (mass),
3.1.2 Name of material (chromium-silicon alloy steel wire),
3.1.3 Dimensions (Table 1 and Section 8),
3.1.4 Condition (Section 6),
3.1.5 Packaging (Section 14),
3.1.6 Heat analysis report, if requested (5.2),
3.1.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Section 13), and
3.1.8 ASTM designation and year of issue.
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 20 000-kg, quench and tempered chromium-silicon alloy steel wire, size 6.00 mm in 150 kg coils
to ASTM A401/A401M dated ____, or for inch-pound units, 40 000-lb quench and tempered chromium-silicon alloy steel spring wire, size 0.250 in. in
350-lb coils to ASTM A401/A401M dated ____.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.03
on Steel Rod and Wire.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2015. Published June 2010November 2015. Originally approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 20032010 as
A401/A401M – 03.A401/A401M – 10. DOI: 10.1520/A0401_A0401M-10.10.1520/A0401_A0401M-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A401/A401M − 15
A
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements
SI Units
B
Reduction of
Diameter,
MPa, min MPa, max
mm Area, min, %
C
0.80 2080 2260
C
0.90 2070 2250
C
1.00 2060 2240
C
1.10 2040 2220
C
1.20 2020 2200
C
1.40 2000 2180
C
1.60 1980 2160
C
1.80 1960 2140
C
2.00 1940 2120
C
2.20 1920 2100
2.50 1900 2080 45
2.80 1880 2060 45
3.00 1860 2040 45
3.50 1840 2020 40
4.00 1820 2000 40
4.50 1800 1980 40
5.00 1780 1960 40
5.50 1760 1940 40
6.00 1740 1920 40
6.50 1720 1900 40
7.00
...