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ASTM D943-17

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Jun-2017
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.09.0C - Oxidation of Turbine Oils
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D943-04a(2010)e1 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils
Effective Date
15-Jun-2017
Referred By
ASTM D7826-23a - Standard Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation Gasoline Additives
Effective Date
15-Jun-2017
Referred By
ASTM D2274-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
Effective Date
15-Jun-2017
Referred By
ASTM D4378-22 - Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam, Gas, and Combined Cycle Turbines
Effective Date
15-Jun-2017
Referred By
ASTM D8324-21 - Standard Guide for Selection of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vessel General Permit
Effective Date
15-Jun-2017
Referred By
ASTM D5770-23 - Standard Test Method for Semiquantitative Micro Determination of Acid Number of Lubricating Oils During Oxidation Testing
Effective Date
15-Jun-2017
Referred By
ASTM D2272-22 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Turbine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
Effective Date
15-Jun-2017
Referred By
ASTM D2893-19 - Standard Test Methods for Oxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure Lubrication Oils
Effective Date
15-Jun-2017
Referred By
ASTM D4304-22 - Standard Specification for Mineral and Synthetic Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
Effective Date
15-Jun-2017
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ASTM D3339-21 - Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Semi-Micro Color Indicator Titration
Effective Date
15-Jun-2017
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ASTM D8029-18 - Standard Specification for Biodegradable, Low Aquatic Toxicity Hydraulic Fluids
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ASTM D7044-15 - Standard Specification for Biodegradable Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids
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ASTM D8506-23 - Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination and Biodeterioration in Turbine Oils and Turbine Oil Systems
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15-Jun-2017
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ASTM D6224-22 - Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Lubricating Oil for Auxiliary Power Plant Equipment
Effective Date
15-Jun-2017
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ASTM D5846-07(2017) - Standard Test Method for Universal Oxidation Test for Hydraulic and Turbine Oils Using the Universal Oxidation Test Apparatus
Effective Date
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D943 − 17 BS 2000-280:1999
Standard Test Method for
1
Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D943; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the oxidation
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
stability of inhibited steam-turbine oils in the presence of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
oxygen, water, and copper and iron metals at an elevated
temperature. This test method is limited to a maximum testing
2. Referenced Documents
time of 10 000 h.This test method is also used for testing other
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
oils,suchashydraulicoilsandcirculatingoilshavingaspecific
A510 Specification for General Requirements forWire Rods
gravitylessthanthatofwaterandcontainingrustandoxidation
and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel
inhibitors.
B1 Specification for Hard-Drawn Copper Wire
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
by Potentiometric Titration
standard.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1.2.1 Exception—The values in parentheses in the figures
D3244 Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine
are provided for information for those using old equipment
Conformance with Specifications
based on non-SI units.
D3339 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many by Semi-Micro Color Indicator Titration
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or Petroleum Products
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to D4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging and
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
D5770 Test Method for Semiquantitative Micro Determina-
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s tion of Acid Number of Lubricating Oils During Oxida-
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi-
tion Testing
tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
and/or mercury containing products into your state or country
E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
3
may be prohibited by law. 2.2 Energy Institute Standards:
Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4
2.3 British Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
BS 1829
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
3.1 The oil sample is contacted with oxygen in the presence
warning statements, see Section 6.
of water and an iron-copper catalyst at 95 °C. The test
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
continuesuntilthemeasuredacidnumberoftheoilis2.0 mg⁄g
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Subcommittee D02.09.0C on Oxidation of Turbine Oils. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved June 15, 2017. Published August 2017. Originally Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, W1G 7AR,
ɛ1
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D943 – 04a (2010) . U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.
4
DOI: 10.1520/D0943-17. Available from British Standards Institution (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,
In 1976, this test method ceased to be a joint ASTM-IP standard. London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsigroup.com.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D943 − 04a (Reapproved 2010) D943 − 17 BS 2000-280:1999
Standard Test Method for
1
Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D943; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Updated Scope with regard to SI units and added mercury caveat editorially in October 2010.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the oxidation stability of inhibited steam-turbine oils in the presence of oxygen,
water, and copper and iron metals at an elevated temperature. This test method is limited to a maximum testing time of 10 000
h. 10 000 h. This test method is also used for testing other oils, such as hydraulic oils and circulating oils having a specific gravity
less than that of water and containing rust and oxidation inhibitors.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The values in parentheses in the figures are provided for information for those using old equipment based on
non-SI units.
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 6.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A510 Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel
B1 Specification for Hard-Drawn Copper Wire
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3244 Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
D3339 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Semi-Micro Color Indicator Titration
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils
D5770 Test Method for Semiquantitative Micro Determination of Acid Number of Lubricating Oils During Oxidation Testing
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E2877 Guide for Digital Contact Thermometers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.09.0C on Oxidation of Turbine Oils.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010June 15, 2017. Published December 2010August 2017. Originally approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 20042010
ɛ1
as D943D943 – 04a (2010) –04a. . DOI: 10.1520/D0943-17.
In 1976, this test method ceased to be a joint ASTM-IP standard. DOI: 10.1520/D0943-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.  
1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of t...

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ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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