ASTM E1361-02

Standard Guide for Correction of Interelement Effects in X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis

SCOPE
1.1 This guide is an introduction to mathematical procedures for correction of interelement (matrix) effects in quantitative X-ray spectrometric analysis.
1.1.1 The procedures described correct only for the interelement effect(s) arising from a homogeneous chemical composition of the specimen. Effects related to either particle size, or mineralogical or metallurgical phases in a specimen are not treated.
1.1.2 These procedures apply to both wavelength and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry where the specimen is considered to be infinitely thick, flat, and homogeneous with respect to the depth of penetration of the exciting X rays (1).
1.2 This document is not intended to be a comprehensive treatment of the many different techniques employed to compensate for interelement effects. Consult References (2-5) for descriptions of other commonly used techniques such as standard addition, internal standardization, etc.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-2002
• ICS: 71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
• Technical Committee: E01 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
• Drafting Committee: E01.20 - Fundamental Practices

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1361-90(1999) - Standard Guide for Correction of Interelement Effects in X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM E1361-02(2007) - Standard Guide for Correction of Interelement Effects in X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis
• Effective Date: 15-Jan-2007
• Referred By: ASTM E572-21 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Stainless and Alloy Steels by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F2617-15 - Standard Test Method for Identification and Quantification of Chromium, Bromine, Cadmium, Mercury, and Lead in Polymeric Material Using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E1621-22 - Standard Guide for Elemental Analysis by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E2465-19 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Ni-Base Alloys by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E539-19 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Titanium Alloys by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM C1271-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for X-ray Spectrometric Analysis of Lime and Limestone
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E305-21 - Standard Practice for Establishing and Controlling Spark Atomic Emission Spectrochemical Analytical Curves
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B890-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Metallic Constituents of Tungsten Alloys and Tungsten Hardmetals by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6443-14(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Calcium, Chlorine, Copper, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils and Additives by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (Mathematical Correction Procedure)
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6247-18 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Elemental Content of Polyolefins by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM F2980-13(2017) - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Heavy Metals in Glass by Field Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM E1085-22 - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7085-04(2018) - Standard Guide for Determination of Chemical Elements in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF)
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1361–02
Standard Guide for
Correction of Interelement Effects in X-Ray Spectrometric
1
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1361; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.3 characteristic radiation—X radiation produced by an
element in the specimen as a result of electron transitions
1.1 This guide is an introduction to mathematical proce-
between different atomic shells.
dures for correction of interelement (matrix) effects in quanti-
3.2.4 coherent (Rayleigh) scatter—the emission of energy
tative X-ray spectrometric analysis.
from a loosely bound electron that has undergone collision
1.1.1 The procedures described correct only for the inter-
with an incident X-ray photon and has been caused to vibrate.
element effect(s) arising from a homogeneous chemical com-
The vibration is at the same frequency as the incident photon
position of the specimen. Effects related to either particle size,
and the photon loses no energy. (See 3.2.7.)
or mineralogical or metallurgical phases in a specimen are not
3.2.5 dead-time—time interval during which the X-ray
treated.
detectionsystem,afterhavingrespondedtoanincidentphoton,
1.1.2 These procedures apply to both wavelength and
cannot respond properly to a successive incident photon.
energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry where the specimen is
3.2.6 fluorescence yield—a ratio of the number of photons
considered to be infinitely thick, flat, and homogeneous with
2
of all X-ray lines in a particular series divided by the number
respect to the depth of penetration of the exciting X rays (1).
of shell vacancies originally produced.
1.2 This document is not intended to be a comprehensive
3.2.7 incoherent(Compton)scatter—theemissionofenergy
treatment of the many different techniques employed to com-
from a loosely bound electron that has undergone collision
pensateforinterelementeffects.ConsultRefs(2-5)fordescrip-
withanincidentphotonandtheelectronhasrecoiledunderthe
tions of other commonly used techniques such as standard
impact, carrying away some of the energy of the photon.
addition, internal standardization, etc.
3.2.8 influence coeffıcient—designated by a (b, g, d and
2. Referenced Documents other Greek letters are also used in certain mathematical
models), a correction factor for converting apparent mass
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fractions to actual mass fractions in a specimen. Other terms
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
3
commonly used are alpha coefficient and interelement effect
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
coefficient.
3. Terminology
3.2.9 mass absorption coeffıcient—designated by µ, an
atomic property of each element which expresses the X-ray
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to
2
absorption per unit mass per unit area, cm /g.
Terminology E135.
3.2.10 primary absorption—absorption of incident X rays
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
by the specimen.The extent of primary absorption depends on
3.2.1 absorption edge—the maximum wavelength (mini-
the composition of the specimen and the X-ray source primary
mum X-ray photon energy) that can expel an electron from a
spectral distribution.
given level in an atom of a given element.
3.2.11 primary spectral distribution—the output X-ray
3.2.2 analyte—an element in the specimen whose concen-
spectral distribution usually from an X-ray tube. The X-ray
tration is to be determined.
continuum is usually expressed in units of absolute intensity
per unit wavelength per electron per unit solid angle.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical
3.2.12 relative intensity—the ratio of an analyte X-ray line
ChemistryforMetals,Ores,andRelatedMaterialsandisthedirectresponsibilityof
intensity measured from the specimen to that of the pure
Subcommittee E01.20 on Fundamental Practices.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published July 2003. Originally
analyte element. It is sometimes expressed relative to the
published as E1361–90. Last previous edition E1361–90 (1999).
analyte element in a multi-component reference material.
2
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
this standard.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E1361–02
3.2.13 secondary absorption—the absorption of the charac-
teristicXradiationproducedinthespecimenbyallelementsin
the specimen.
3.2.14 secondary fluorescence (enh
...