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ASTM C201-93(2004)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories

Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The thermal conductivity of refractories is a property required for selecting their thermal transmission characteristics. Users select refractories to provide specified conditions of heat loss and cold face temperature, without exceeding the temperature limitation of the refractory. This test method establishes the testing for thermal conductivity of refractories using the calorimeter.
This procedure requires a large thermal gradient and steady state conditions. The results are based upon a mean temperature.  
The data from this test method are suitable for specification acceptance, and design of multi-layer refractory construction.  
The use of these data requires consideration of the actual application environment and conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative thermal conductivity of refractories under standardized conditions of testing. This test method is designed for refractories having a conductivity factor of not more than 200 Btuin./hft2F (2818 W/mK), for a thickness of 1 in. (25 mm).
1.2 Detailed ASTM test methods to be used in conjunction with this procedure in testing specific types of refractory materials are as follows: Test Method C 182, Test Method C 202, Test Method C 417, and Test Method C 767.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2004
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories
Drafting Committee
C08.02 - Thermal Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C201-93(1998) - Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Replaced By
ASTM C201-93(2009) - Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories
Effective Date
01-Mar-2009
Referred By
ASTM C1685-15(2021) - Standard Specification for Pneumatically Applied High-Temperature Fiber Thermal Insulation for Industrial Applications
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1058/C1058M-10(2023) - Standard Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C417-21 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Unfired Monolithic Refractories
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1676/C1676M-23 - Standard Specification for Microporous Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1113/C1113M-09(2019) - Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories by Hot Wire (Platinum Resistance Thermometer Technique)
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C892-19 - Standard Specification for High-Temperature Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C182-19 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Insulating Firebrick
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C202-19 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractory Brick
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C1470-20 - Standard Guide for Testing the Thermal Properties of Advanced Ceramics
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Referred By
ASTM C767-20 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Refractories
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004

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ASTM C201-93(2004) - Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C 201–93 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
1
Thermal Conductivity of Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 201; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com- 3.1 The thermal conductivity of refractories is a property
parative thermal conductivity of refractories under standard- required for selecting their thermal transmission characteris-
ized conditions of testing. This test method is designed for tics.Usersselectrefractoriestoprovidespecifiedconditionsof
refractories having a conductivity factor of not more than 200 heat loss and cold face temperature, without exceeding the
2
Btu·in./h·ft ·°F(2818W/m·K),forathicknessof1in.(25mm). temperature limitation of the refractory. This test method
1.2 Detailed ASTM test methods to be used in conjunction establishes the testing for thermal conductivity of refractories
with this procedure in testing specific types of refractory using the calorimeter.
materials are as follows: Test Method C182, Test Method 3.2 This procedure requires a large thermal gradient and
C202, Test Method C417, and Test Method C767. steady state conditions. The results are based upon a mean
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded temperature.
as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for 3.3 The data from this test method are suitable for specifi-
information only. cation acceptance, and design of multi-layer refractory con-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the struction.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.4 Theuseofthesedatarequiresconsiderationoftheactual
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- application environment and conditions.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 The apparatus shall conform in close detail with that
3
2. Referenced Documents
shown in the approved drawings. The equipment is shown in
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, and the essential parts are as follows:
C134 Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, 4.1.1 Heating Chamber—Aheating chamber, shown in Fig.
and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating 3, shall be capable of being heated electrically over a tempera-
Firebrick ture range from 400 to 2800°F (205 to 1540°C) in a neutral or
C155 Classification of Insulating Firebrick oxidizingatmosphere.Thetemperatureoftheheatingunitshall
C182 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Insulating be controlled by a mechanism capable of maintaining the
Firebrick temperatureinthechamberconstanttowithin 65°F(63°C).A
1
C202 Test Method forThermal Conductivity of Refractory siliconcarbideslab13 ⁄2by9by1in.(342by228by25mm),
1
Brick with the 13 ⁄2 by 9-in. (342 by 228 mm) faces plane and
C417 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Unfired parallel, shall be placed above the sample for the purpose of
Monolithic Refractories providing uniform heat distribution. A layer of insulation
C767 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Carbon equivalent at least to 1 in. (25 mm) of Group 20 insulating
Refractories firebrick (see Classification C155) shall be placed below the
E220 Method for Calibration of Thermocouples by Com- calorimeter and guard plates.
parison Techniques 4.1.2 Calorimeter Assembly—A copper calorimeter assem-
bly, of the design shown in Fig. 4, shall be used for measuring
the quantity of heat flowing through the test specimen. The
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.02 on Thermal
Stress Resistance.
3
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally The complete set of approved drawings necessary for the construction of the
approved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C201–93 (1998). apparatus and suggested operating instructions, each of which requires too much
2
space to be included with this test method, were originally drafted by the Insulating
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Products Division of Babcock and Wilcox Co. ASTM has been advised that these
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on drawings are no longer available. Subcommittee C08 .05 currently is taking this
the ASTM website. issue under advisement.
Copyright © ASTM Interna
...

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1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 The oxidation of silicon carbide refractories at elevated temperatures is an important consideration in the application of these refractories. The product of oxidation is amorphous silica or cristobalite, depending upon the temperature at which oxidation takes place. This oxide formation is associated with expansion and degradation of strength. The quantity of water vapor in the atmosphere greatly affects the rate of oxidation.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the oxidation resistance of silicon carbide refractories at elevated temperatures in an atmosphere of steam. The steam is used to accelerate the test. Oxidation resistance is the ability of the silicon carbide (SiC) in the refractory to resist conversion to silicon dioxide (SiO2) and its attendant crystalline growth.  
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