ASTM D6161-10
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes (Withdrawn 2019)
Standard Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes (Withdrawn 2019)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The need to understand the relationships found in membrane unit processes for water treatment increases with the continuing demand for these separation systems. Defining the terms common to microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis processes assist the manufacturer, consultant and end-user in eliminating inter-process terminology confusion. This standard expands the definitions found in Terminology D1129.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers the use of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis for membrane separation processes.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This terminology covers the use of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis for membrane separation processes.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D19 on Water, this terminology was withdrawn in January 2019 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D6161 −10
Standard Terminology
Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration and
1
Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope accumulator—a pulsation dampener installed on the suction
and/or discharge lines of pumps, generally plunger type, to
1.1 This terminology covers the use of microfiltration,
minimize pressure surges and provide uniformity of flow.
ultrafiltration,nanofiltrationandreverseosmosisformembrane
separation processes.
accuracy—the closeness of agreement between an observed
value and an accepted reference value. Where an accepted
2. Referenced Documents
reference value is not available, accuracy is a description of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: a measure of the degree of conformity of a value generated
D1129Terminology Relating to Water by a specific procedure to the assumed or accepted true
D2035Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of value, including both precision and bias.
Water
acidity—the quantitative capacity of aqueous media to react
D3739Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the
with hydroxyl ions.
Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis
D4582Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff
activated carbon—granulated or powdered activated carbon
and Davis Stability Index for Reverse Osmosis
usedtoremovetastes,odor,chlorine,chloramines,andsome
organics from water. A family of carbonaceous substances
3. Significance and Use
manufactured by processes that develop adsorptive proper-
3.1 The need to understand the relationships found in ties.
membraneunitprocessesforwatertreatmentincreaseswiththe
adsorption—the holding of a substance onto the surface of a
continuing demand for these separation systems. Defining the
solid by chemical surface forces, without forming new
terms common to microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration
chemical bonds.
and reverse osmosis processes assist the manufacturer, consul-
tant and end-user in eliminating inter-process terminology
aerobic bacteria—bacteria that require oxygen for growth.
confusion. This standard expands the definitions found in
See bacteria, aerobes.
Terminology D1129.
aggregate—granular material such as sand, gravel, crushed
stone.
4. Terminology
4.1 Definitions:
aggressive water—water having a high tendency to corrode
absolute filter rating—particle size above which 100 % of
pipes and other equipment. Usually seen as having a
particles that are trapped on or within the filter medium.
negative Langelier Index value.
absorption—the release for desorption holding of a substance
air header—the pipe running within a cassette that distributes
within a solid by cohesive or capillary forces.
the air to the individual modules or aerators.
air scour—distributingairovertheentireareaatthebottomof
1 a filter media flowing upward or immersed membrane to
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion improve the effectiveness of filtration or backwashing or to
Exchange Materials.
permit the use of lower backwash water flow rate, or both.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010. Published March 2010. Originally
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6161–05. DOI:
air stripping—removal of volatile substances from a water
10.1520/D6161-10.
solution by passing a gas through the solution.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
algae—a major group of lower plants, generally aquatic,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. photosynthetic of extremely varied morphology and
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6161−10
physiology, mono cellular plants with chlorophyll often aquifer—a water-bearing geological formation that provides a
masked by a brown or red pigment. ground water reservoir.
aramid—a fully aromatic polyamide.
alkalinity—thequantitativecapacityofaqueousmediatoreact
with hydrogen ions. “M” alkalinity is that which will react
array—the overall arrangement of pressure vessels in a
with acid as the pH of the sample is reduced to the
crossflow membrane system, including the groupings of
methylorange endpoint of about 4.5. “P” alkalinity is that
vessels in parallel and in series.
which reacts with
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6161–05 Designation: D6161 – 10
Standard Terminology
Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration and
1
Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers the use of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis for membrane
separation processes.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D2035 Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of Water
D3739 Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis
D4582 Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability Index for Reverse Osmosis
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Theneedtounderstandtherelationshipsfoundinmembraneunitprocessesforwatertreatmentincreaseswiththecontinuing
demand for these separation systems. Defining the terms common to microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse
osmosis processes assist the manufacturer, consultant and end-user in eliminating inter-process terminology confusion. This
standard expands the definitions found in Terminology D1129.
4. Terminology
4.1 Definitions:
absolute filter rating—particle size above which 100 % of particles that are trapped on or within the filter medium.
absorption—the release for desorption holding of a substance within a solid by cohesive or capillary forces.
accumulator—apulsationdampenerinstalledonthesuctionand/ordischargelinesofpumps,generallyplungertype,tominimize
pressure surges and provide uniformity of flow.
accuracy—the closeness of agreement between an observed value and an accepted reference value. Where an accepted reference
value is not available, accuracy is a description of a measure of the degree of conformity of a value generated by a specific
procedure to the assumed or accepted true value, including both precision and bias.
acidity—the quantitative capacity of aqueous media to react with hydroxyl ions.
activated carbon—granulated or powdered activated carbon used to remove tastes, odor, chlorine, chloramines, and some
organics from water. A family of carbonaceous substances manufactured by processes that develop adsorptive properties.
adsorption—the holding of a substance onto the surface of a solid by chemical surface forces, without forming new chemical
bonds.
aerobic bacteria—bacteria that require oxygen for growth. See bacteria, aerobes.
aggregate—granular material such as sand, gravel, crushed stone.
aggressive water—water having a high tendency to corrode pipes and other equipment. Usually seen as having a negative
Langelier Index value.
air header—the pipe running within a cassette that distributes the air to the individual modules or aerators.
airscour—distributing air over the entire area at the bottom of a filter media flowing upward or immersed membrane to improve
the effectiveness of filtration or backwashing or to permit the use of lower backwash water flow rate, or both.
1
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD19onWaterandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD19.08onMembranesandIonExchange
Materials.
Current edition approved JuneFeb. 1, 2005.2010. Published July 2005.March 2010. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 19982005 as
D6161–98.D6161–05. DOI: 10.1520/D6161-105.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6161 – 10
air stripping—removal of volatile substances from a water solution by passing a gas through the solution.
algae—a major group of lower plants, generally aquatic, photosynthetic of extremely varied morphology and physiology, mono
cellular plants with chlorophyll often masked by a brown or red pigment.
alkalinity—the quantitative capacity of aqueous media to react with hydrogen ions. “M” alkalinity is that which will react with
acid as the pH of the sample is reduced to the methylorange endpoint of about 4.5. “P
...
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