ASTM D4850-02
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Fabric
Standard Terminology Relating to Fabric
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms used in the industry related to textile fabrics. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included. Other terminology standards that have terms related to textile fabrics are shown in
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Designation: D 4850 – 02
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Fabric
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4850; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope architectural-use, n—in the building trade, a descriptive term
for fabrics used in fabric roof-systems or similar industrial
1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms
applications. (See also fabric roof-system.) D 4851
used in the industry related to textile fabrics. Terms that are
bagging, n—a very heavy, loosely woven fabric used primarily
generally understood or adequately defined in other readily
for bale covering, woven from heavy, tightly twisted roving,
available sources are not included. Other terminology stan-
or fibrillated continuous filament yarns. D 4850
dards that have terms related to textile fabrics are shown in 2.1
bending length, n—(1) general—a measure of the interaction
2. Referenced Documents between fabric weight and fabric stiffness as shown by the
way in which a fabric bends under its own weight. It reflects
2.1 ASTM Standards:
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the stiffness of a fabric when bent in one plane under the
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
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force of gravity, and is one component of drape; (2)
D 3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects
specific—the cube root of the ratio of the flexural rigidity to
D 4848 Terminology for Force, Deformation and Related
3
the weight per unit area. D 1388
Properties of Fabric
book fold, n—a fabric doubled selvage to selvage, then folded
3. Terminology
back and forth upon itself in predetermined lengths. (See
also shoe fold.)
3.1 Definitions:
DISCUSSION—When the piece is completed, the fold-edges on each
abrasion, n—the wearing away of any part of a material by
side are folded once more upon themselves so that the fold-edges are
rubbing against another surface. D 3884, D 3885, D 3886,
inside, forming a compact package as long as one half the width of the
D 4157, D 4158, D 4685, D 4966
fabric. D 4850
abrasion cycle, n—one complete movement across the surface
of a material. bow, n—a fabric condition resulting when filling yarns or
knitted courses are displaced from a line perpendicular to the
DISCUSSION—The complete movement for an abrasion cycle is
selvages and form one or more arcs across the width of the
dependent on the action of the abrasion machine and the test method
fabric. (See also double bow.) D 3882, D 3990
used. It may consist of one back-and-forth unidirectional movement or
braided fabric, n—a structure produced by interlacing three or
one circular movement, or a combination of both. D 3885
more ends of yarns in a manner such that the paths of the
air permeability, n—the rate of air flow passing perpendicular
yarns are diagonal to the vertical axis of the fabric.
through a known area under a prescribed air pressure
D 4850
differential between the two surfaces of a material.
broken end, n—in woven fabrics, a void in the warp direction
due to yarn breakage. D 3990
DISCUSSION—Air permeability of fabric at a stated pressure differen-
tial between two surfaces of the fabric is generally expressed in SI units burlap, n—a coarse, heavy, plain weave fabric of coarse single
3 2 3 2
as cm /s/cm and in inch-pound units as ft /min/ft calculated in
jute yarn. D 4850
operating conditions. (See permeability, porosity.) D 737
bursting strength, n—the force or pressure required to rupture
a fabric by distending it with a force, applied at right angles
air-supported roof, n—a fabric roof-system that is properly
to the plane of the fabric, under specified conditions.
secured and primarily supported and held in place by air
D 3786, D 3787, D 3887
pressure. D 4851
circular bend, n—simultaneous, multidirectional deformation
of a fabric in which one face of a flat specimen becomes
concave and the other becomes convex. D 4032
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
coated fabric, n—a flexible material composed of a fabric and
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
General.
any adherent polymeric material applied to one or both
Current edition approved May 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originally
surfaces. (See also laminated fabric.) D 4850, D 4851,
published as D 4850 – 89. Last previous edition D 4850 – 00a.
2 D 5446
Annul Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
3
Annul Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02. color contrast, n—in textiles, a general term for a visible color
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