ASTM A488/A488M-99
(Practice)Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the qualification of procedures, welders, and operators for the fabrication and repair of steel castings by electric arc welding.
1.1.1 Qualifications of a procedure and either or both the operator or welder under Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code shall automatically qualify the procedure and either or both the operator or welder under this practice. P-number designations in the ASME grouping of base metals for qualification may be different than the category numbers listed inTable 1. Refer to Appendix X1 for a comparison of ASTM category numbers with the corresponding ASME P-Number designations.
1.2 Each manufacturer or contractor is responsible for the welding done by his organization and shall conduct the tests required to qualify his welding procedures, welders, and operators.
1.3 Each manufacturer or contractor shall maintain a record of welding procedure qualification tests (Fig. 1), welder or operator performance qualification tests (Fig. 2), and welding procedure specification (Fig. 3), which shall be made available to the purchaser's representative on request.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this practice.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: A 488/A 488M – 99 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and
Personnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 488/A 488M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope A 27/A 27M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for
General Application
1.1 This practice establishes the qualification of procedures,
A 148/A 148M Specification for Steel Castings, High
welders, and operators for the fabrication and repair of steel
Strength, for Structural Purposes
castings by electric arc welding.
A 216/A 216M Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon,
1.1.1 Qualifications of a procedure and either or both the
Suitable for Fusion Welding, for High-Temperature Ser-
operator or welder under Section IX of the ASME Boiler and
vice
Pressure Vessel Code shall automatically qualify the procedure
A 217/A 217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensi-
and either or both the operator or welder under this practice.
tic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts,
P-number designations in the ASME grouping of base metals
Suitable for High-Temperature Service
for qualification may be different than the category numbers
A 351/A 351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, Aus-
listed in Table 1. Refer to Appendix X1 for a comparison of
tenitic–Ferritic (Duplex), for Pressure–Containing Parts
ASTM category numbers with the corresponding ASME
A 352/A 352M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic
P-Number designations.
and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable
1.2 Each manufacturer or contractor is responsible for the
for Low-Temperature Service
welding done by his organization and shall conduct the tests
A 356/A 356M Specification for Heavy-Walled, Carbon,
required to qualify his welding procedures, welders, and
Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel Castings for Steam Tur-
operators.
bines
1.3 Each manufacturer or contractor shall maintain a record
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of welding procedure qualification tests (Fig. 1), welder or
of Steel Products
operator performance qualification tests (Fig. 2), and welding
A 389/A 389M Specification for Steel Castings, Alloy,
procedure specification (Fig. 3), which shall be made available
Specially Heat-Treated, for Pressure-Containing Parts,
to the purchaser’s representative on request.
Suitable for High-Temperature Service
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
A 447/A 447M Specification for Steel Castings,
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
Temperature Service
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
A 487/A 487M Specification for Steel Castings Suitable
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
for Pressure Service
two systems may result in nonconformance with this practice.
A 494/A 494M Specification for Castings, Nickel, and
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Nickel Alloy
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
A 732/A 732M Specification for Castings, Investment,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Carbon and Low–Alloy Steel for General Application, and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
A 743/A 743M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium,
2. Referenced Documents Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General
Application
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 744/A 744M Specification for Castings, Iron-
Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
Service
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.18 on Castings.
Current edition approved June 10, 1999. Published August 1999. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.
published as A 488 – 63 T. Last previous edition A 488/A 488M – 95. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 488/A 488M
FIG. 1 Report Form 1
FIG. 2 Report Form 2
A 488/A 488M
FIG. 3 Report Form 3
A 488/A 488M
TABLE 1 Categories of Base Materials
Category
Material Description ASTM Specification Grades
Number
1 Carbon steel (carbon less than 0.35 %, tensile strength less than or A 27/A 27M all grades
equal to 70 ksi [480 MPa]).
A 216/A 216M WCA, WCB
A 352/A 352M LCB, LCA
A 356/A 356M 1
A 732/A 732M 1A, 2A
A 757/A 757M A1Q
2 Carbon steel (tensile strength greater than 70 ksi [480 MPa]). Carbon- A 148/A 148M 80-40
manganese steel (tensile strength equal to or greater than 70 ksi but
less than 90 ksi [620 MPa]).
A 216/A 216M WCC
A 352/A 352M LCC
A 732/A 732M 2Q, 3A
A 757/A 757M A2Q
3 Carbon and carbon-manganese steel (tensile strength equal to or A 732/A 732M 3Q, 4A, 4Q, 5N
greater than 90 ksi [620 MPa]).
4 Low-alloy steel (annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered. A 148/A 148M 80-50
Tensile strength less than 85 ksi [585 MPa]).
A 217/A 217M WC1, WC4, WC5, WC6, WC9
A 352/A 352M LC1, LC2, LC3, LC4
A 356/A 356M 2, 5, 6, 8
A 389/A 389M C23, C24
A 487/A 487M 11A, 12A, 16A
A 757/A 757M B2N, B3N, B4N
5 Low-alloy steel (annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered. A 148/A 148M 90-60, 105-85
Tensile strength equal to or greater than 85 ksi [585 MPa]). A 217/A 217M C5, C12, C12A, WC11
A 356/A 356M 9, 10, C12
A 487/A 487M 1A, 1C, 2A, 2C, 4A, 4C, 6A, 8A, 9A, 9C, 10A, 13A
A 732/A 732M 6N, 15A
A 757/A 757M D1N1, D1N2, D1N3, E2N1, E2N2, E2N3
6 Low-alloy steel (quenched and tempered) A 148/A 148M 90-60, 105-85, 115-95, 130-115, 135-125, 150-135,
160-145, 165-150, 165-150L, 210-180, 210-180L,
260-210, 260-210L
A 352/A 352M LC2-1, LC1, LC2, LC3, LC4, LC9
A 487/A 487M 1B, 1C, 2B, 2C, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 6B, 7A, 8B, 8C,
9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 9E, 10B, 11B, 12B, 13B, 14A
A 732/A 732M 7Q, 8Q, 9Q, 10Q, 11Q, 12Q, 13Q, 14Q
A 757/A 757M B2Q, B3Q, B4Q, C1Q, D1Q1, D1Q2, D1Q3, E1Q,
E2Q1, E2Q2, E2Q3
7 Ferritic stainless steel A 743/A 743M CB-30, CC-50
8 Martensitic stainless steel A 217/A 217M CA-15
A 352/A 352M CA6NM
A 356/A 356M CA6NM
A 487/A 487M CA15-A, CA15-B, CA15-C, CA15-D, CA15M-A,
CA6NM-A, CA6NM-B
A 743/A 743M CA-15, CA-15M, CA6NM, CA-40, CA6N, CB6
A 757/A 757M E3N
9 Low-carbon austenitic stainless steel (carbon equal to or less than A 351/A 351M CF-3, CF-3A, CF-3M, CF-3MA, CF-3MN, CK-3MCUN,
0.03 %) CG3M, CN3MN
A 743/A 743M CF-3, CF-3M, CF-3MN, CK-3MCUN, CN-3M, CG3M,
CN3MN
A 744/A 744M CF-3, CF-3M, CK-3MCUN, CG3M , CN3MN
10 Unstabilized austenitic stainless steel (carbon greater than 0.03 %) A 351/A 351M CE-8MN, CF-8, CF-8A, CF-8M, CF-10, CF-10M,
CG-8M, CH-8, CH-10, CH-20, CG6MMN,
CF10S1MNN, CE20N
A 447/A 447M Type I
A 743/A 743M CF-8, CG-12, CF-20, CF-8M, CF-16F, CF10SMNN,
CH-20, CG-8M, CE-30, CG6MMN, CH10, CF16Fa
A 744/A 744M CF-8, CF-8M, CG-8M
11 Stabilized austenitic stainless steel A 351/A 351M CF-8C, CF-10MC, CK-20, HK-30, HK-40, HT-30,
CN-7M, CT-15C
A 447/A 447M Type II
A 743/A 743M CF-8C, CN-7M, CN-7MS, CK-20
A 488/A 488M
TABLE 1 Continued
Category
Material Description ASTM Specification Grades
Number
A 744/A 744M CF-8C, CN-7M, CN-7MS
12 Duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel A 351/A 351M CD-4MCU
A 743/A 743M CD-4MCU
A 744/A 744M CD-4MCU
A 890/A 890M 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A
13 Precipitation-hardened austenitic stainless steel A 747/A 747M CB7CU-1, CB7CU-2
14 Nickel-base alloys A 494/A 494M CW-12MW, CY-40 Class 1, CY-40 Class 2, CZ-100,
M-35-1, M-35-2, M-30C, N-12MV, N-7M, CW-6M, CW-
2M, CW-6MC, CX-2MW, CU5MCUC
A 747/A 747M Specification for Steel Castings, Stainless,
Precipitation Hardening
A 757/A 757M Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic
and Martensitic, for Pressure-Containing and Other
Applications, for Low-Temperature Service
A 890/A 890M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-
Nickel-Molybdenum Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex
(Austenitic/Ferritic) for General Application
2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers: 4.6 Horizontal Fixed Position (Fig. 4(e))—In this position
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX
the pipe or cylindrical casting has its axis horizontal and the
2.3 American Welding Society:
welding groove in a vertical plane. Welding shall be done
ANSI/AWS 3.0 Definitions for Welding and Cutting
without rotating the pipe or casting so that the weld metal is
deposited from the flat, vertical, and overhead position.
3. Terminology
4.7 Qualification— Qualification in the horizontal, vertical,
3.1 Definitions— Definitions of terms relating to welding
or overhead position shall qualify also for the flat position.
shall be in agreement with the definitions of the American
Qualification in the horizontal fixed position, or in the hori-
Welding Society, ANSI/AWS A3.0.
zontal and vertical and overhead positions, shall qualify for all
positions (Fig. 4(f )).
4. Weld Orientation
4.1 Orientation— The orientation of welds with respect to
5. Preparation of Test Plate
horizontal and vertical planes of reference are classified into
four positions, namely, flat, horizontal, vertical, and overhead
5.1 Procedure qualification testing shall be performed on
as shown in Fig. 4. Test material shall be oriented as shown in
cast or wrought material having the same category number as
Fig. 4; however, an angular deviation of 615° from the
the casting being welded. Test material shall be subjected to the
specified horizontal and vertical planes is permitted during
same heat-treatment before and after welding as will be applied
welding.
to the casting. If the castings are not to be postweld heat-
4.2 Flat Position (Fig. 4(a))—This position covers plate in
treated, then the test material is not to be postweld heat-treated.
a horizontal plane with the weld metal deposited from above,
Test plate material for performance qualification testing is
or pipe or a cylindrical casting with its axis horizontal and
covered in 12.2.
rolled during welding so that the weld metal is deposited from
5.2 The dimensions of the test plate shall be such as to
above.
provide the required number of test specimens.
4.3 Horizontal Position (Fig. 4(b))—This position covers
plate in a vertical plane with the axis of the weld horizontal, or 5.3 The test joint shall be welded using the type of welding
pipe or a cylindrical casting with its axis vertical and the axis
groove proposed in the welding procedure. The dimensions of
of the weld horizontal.
the welding groove are not essential variables of the welding
4.4 Vertical Position (Fig. 4(c))—In this position the plate
procedure.
is in a vertical plane with the axis of the weld vertical.
5.4 The thickness of the test plate shall depend on the range
4.5 Overhead Position (Fig. 4(d))—In this position the
of thickness to be qualified as shown in Table 2 and Table 3.
plate is in a horizontal plane with the weld metal deposited
5.5 The joint preparation shown in Fig. 5 shall qualify the
from underneath.
supplier for all welding on steel castings.
5.6 Where pipe or a cylindrical casting is used for qualifi-
Available from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,
cation, it is recommended that a minimum nominal diameter of
New York, NY 10017.
5 5 in. [125 mm] and a minimum thickness of ⁄8 in. [10 mm] be
Available from the American Welding Society, 550 NW LeJeune Rd., P.O. Box
351040, Miami, FL 33135. used.
A 488/A 488M
Tabulation of Positions of Groove Welds
Diagram Inclination of
Position Rotation of Face, °
Reference Axis, °
Flat A 0 to 15 150 to 210
Horizontal B 0 to 15 80 to 150
210 to 280
Overhead C 0 to 75 0 to 80
280 to 360
Vertical D 15 to 75 80 to 280
E 75 to 90 0to360
NOTE—(a) Flat Position; (b) Horizontal Position; (c) Vertical Position; (d) Overhead Position; (e) Horizontal Fixed Position;
(f ) Positions of Groove Welds
FIG. 4 Orientation of Welds
A 488/A 488M
TABLE 2 Type and Number of Test Specimens and Range of Thicknesses Qualified—(Procedure)
Range of Thicknesses
B
Type and Number of Tests Required
A
Qualified
Thickness, t, of Test Plate or Pipe as
Welded, in. [mm]
Reduced Section
min, in. [mm] max Side Bend Face Bend Root Bend
Tension
C
1 16 to 3 8 [1.6 to 9.5], incl 1 16 [1.6] 2t 2 . 2 2
/ / /
Over 3 8 [9.5], under 3 4 [19.0] 3 16 [4.8] 2t 2 . 2 2
/ / /
3 4 [19.0] to under 1 1 2 [38.1] 3 16 [4.8] 2t 2 4 . .
/ / /
11 2 [38.1] and over 3 16 [4.8] 8 [203] 2 4 . . . . . .
/ /
A
For repair welding, the minimum thickness requirements do not apply.
B
3 3
Either the face- and root-bend tests or the side-bend tests may be used for thicknesses from ⁄8 to ⁄4 in. [9.5 to 19.0 mm].
C
The maximum thickness qualified with pipe smaller than 5 in. [127 mm] is two times the thickness of the pipe but not more than ⁄4 in. [19.0 mm].
TABLE 3 Type and Number of Test Specimens and Thickness Limits Qualified—(Performance)
A
Type and Number of Tests Required
Thickness, t, of Test Plate or Pipe as
Thickness Qualified
Welded, in. [mm]
Side Bend Face Bend Root Bend
Up to 3 8 [9.5], incl 2t . 1 1
/
Over 3 8 [9.5], under 3 4 2t . 1 1
/ /
B
[19.0]
Over 3 8 [9.5], under 3 4 2t 2 . .
/ /
B
[19.0]
3 4 [19.0], and over max to be welded 2 . . . . . .
/
A
A total of four specimens are required to qualify for Position 1(e) of Fig. 4. Refer to Fig. 17 and Fig. 18.
B
3 3
Either the face- and root-bend tests or the side-bend tests may be used for thicknesses from ⁄8 to ⁄4 in. [9.5 to 19.0 mm].
FIG. 5 Joint Preparation
6. Types of Tests
6.1 Four types of tests are used in the qualification proce-
dure as follows:
6.1.1 Tension Test— Tests in direct tension are used in the
procedure qualification to measure the strength of groove-weld
joints.
6.1.2 Bend Test—Guided bend tests are used in the proce-
dure and performance qualification tests to check the degree of
soundness and ductility of groove-weld joints.
Metric Equivalents
6.1.3 Charpy Impact Test—Charpy V-notch impact test
in. 1 4 10
/
specimens are used in the procedure qualification to determine
[
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