ASTM F2004-05
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Alloys by Thermal Analysis
Standard Test Method for Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Alloys by Thermal Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Differential scanning calorimetry provides a rapid method for determining the transformation temperature(s) of nickel-titanium shape memory alloys.
This test method uses small, stress-free, annealed samples to determine whether a sample of nickel-titanium alloy containing nominally 54.5 to 56.5 % nickel by weight is austenitic or martensitic at a particular temperature. Since chemical analysis of these alloys does not have sufficient precision to determine the transformation temperature by measuring the nickel to titanium ratio of the alloy, direct measurement of the transformation temperature of an annealed sample of known thermal history is recommended.
This test method is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.
Transformation temperatures derived from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) may not agree with those obtained by other test methods due to the effects of strain and load on the transformation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method defines procedures for determining the transformation temperatures of nickel-titanium shape memory alloys.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:F2004–05
Standard Test Method for
Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Alloys by
1
Thermal Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope monitored and recorded. Absorption of energy due to a phase
transformation in the specimen results in an endothermic peak
1.1 This test method defines procedures for determining the
on heating. Release of energy due to a phase transformation in
transformation temperatures of nickel-titanium shape memory
the specimen results in an exothermic peak on cooling.
alloys.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5. Significance and Use
standard.
5.1 Differential scanning calorimetry provides a rapid
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
method for determining the transformation temperature(s) of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
nickel-titanium shape memory alloys.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.2 This test method uses small, stress-free, annealed
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
samplestodeterminewhetherasampleofnickel-titaniumalloy
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
containing nominally 54.5 to 56.5 % nickel by weight is
2. Referenced Documents austenitic or martensitic at a particular temperature. Since
2
chemical analysis of these alloys does not have sufficient
2.1 ASTM Standards:
precision to determine the transformation temperature by
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
measuring the nickel to titanium ratio of the alloy, direct
ology
measurement of the transformation temperature of an annealed
E967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differen-
sample of known thermal history is recommended.
tial Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Ana-
5.3 This test method is useful for quality control, specifica-
lyzers
tion acceptance, and research.
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
5.4 Transformation temperatures derived from differential
F2005 Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory
scanning calorimetry (DSC) may not agree with those obtained
Alloys
byothertestmethodsduetotheeffectsofstrainandloadonthe
3. Terminology transformation.
3.1 Specific technical terms used in this test method are
6. Interferences
found in Terminologies E473, E1142, and F2005.
6.1 Make sure the material to be tested is homogeneous
4. Summary of Test Method
since milligram sample quantities are used.
6.2 Take care in preparing the sample. Cutting and grinding
4.1 This test method involves heating and cooling a test
cancausecoldwork,whichaffectsthetransformationtempera-
specimen at a controlled rate in a controlled environment
ture. Oxidation during heat treatment can change the thermal
through the temperature interval of the phase transformation.
conductance of the sample.
The difference in heat flow between the test material and a
6.3 Set the gas flow to provide adequate thermal conductiv-
reference material due to energy changes is continuously
ity in the test cell.
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7. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F04 on Medical
and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
7.1 Use a differential scanning calorimeter capable of heat-
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
ing and cooling at rates up to 10°C/min and of automatically
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally
published in 2000. Last previous edition published in 2003 as F2004 – 03. DOI:
recording the differential energy input between the specimen
10.1520/F2004-05.
and the reference to the required sensitivity and precision.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
7.2 Use sample capsules or pans composed of aluminum or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
other inert material of high thermal conductivity.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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F2004–05
10.4.3 Cool the sample to a temperature of below M –
f
30°C; hold for a time sufficient to equilibrate the sample with
the furnace. Then, heat the sample to a temperature of at least
A + 30°C.
f
10.5 DataAcquisition—Record the resulting curve from the
heating and cooling program from A + 30°C to M – 30°C.
...
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