ASTM D1210-96
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
Standard Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the degree of dispersion (commonly referred to as "fineness of grind") of the pigment in a pigment-vehicle system such as liquid coatings and their intermediates. It may also be used to assess the inclusion of particulates by a cleanliness (or texture) rating.
1.2 the values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 1210 – 96
Standard Test Method for
Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by
Hegman-Type Gage
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1210; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the degree of 4.1 In making pigmented products, the pigment is usually
dispersion (commonly referred to as “fineness of grind”) of the dispersed in a portion of the vehicle in some sort of mill. At this
pigment in a pigment-vehicle system such as liquid coatings stage, it is necessary to be able to judge if the pigment
and their intermediates. It may also be used to assess the agglomerates have been sufficiently broken up so as not to
inclusion of particulates by a cleanliness (or texture) rating. interfere with the smoothness of the finished coating film. This
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded test method describes a way of making this judgment.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
5. Apparatus
information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5.1 Tapered Gage—A hardened steel, stainless steel, or
chrome-plated steel block (Fig. 1) approximately 6.7 in. (170
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- mm) in length, and 0.6 in. (15 mm) in thickness. The top
surface of the block shall be ground smooth and planar and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. shall contain one or two paths 5 in. (127 mm) in calibrated
length. The path shall be tapered uniformly in depth lengthwise
2. Referenced Documents
from 100 μm (about 4 mils) at 10 mm from one end to zero
2.1 ASTM Standards: depth at the other with intermediate calibrations in accordance
D 1316 Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing Inks with the depth at those points. Preferred calibrations are
by the NPIRI Grindometer Hegman units and micrometers (Note 1). Three path widths are
covered by this test method:
3. Summary of Test Method
5.1.1 Two Parallel Paths, each 0.5-in. wide (12.5-mm) and
3.1 Tapered Gage—The product is spread by means of a spaced 0.5-in. apart centered in a block 2.5-in. (65-mm) wide
scraper in a machined tapered path. At some point in this path,
(see Fig. 1).
particles or agglomerates, or both, will become visible. A direct 5.1.2 One Path, 2 in. (50 mm) in width centered in a block
reading from the graduated scale is then made at the point
3.5-in. (90-mm) wide (see Fig. 1).
where the particles form a definite pattern. When the single 5.1.3 One Path, 1 in. (25 mm) in width centered in a block
path gage is used it is also possible to rate “cleanliness” (see
2.5-in. (65-mm) wide (see Fig. 1a).
6.2).
NOTE 1—Several arbitrary scales and modifications of the gage are
3.2 Stepped Gage—The product is spread by means of a
used by industry. In order that readings obtained with these arbitrary scales
scraper on a stepped gage. There are 2 delimited sections on
and modifications can be reported in the preferred units, the approximate
2 2
this gage, each of 1 in. (6.5 cm ) area, and of two different
relationship of these scales to gage depth is shown in the following
example:
depths. A count is made of the particles deposited in the two
delimited areas, and cleanliness (texture) reading is deter- Hegman Depth, Depth, PC or FSPT NPIRI
A B B C D
Scale μm mils Scale Scale
mined.
0 100 4 0 40
1 90 3.5 1 ⁄4 35
275 3 2 ⁄2 30
3 65 2.5 3 ⁄4 25
450 2 5 20
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
5 40 1.5 6 ⁄4 15
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
625 1 7 ⁄2 10
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paint and Paint Materials.
7 15 0.5 8 ⁄4 5
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1996. Published November 1996. Originally
80 0 10 0
e1
published as D 1210 – 52. Last previous edition D 1210 – 79 (1988) .
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 1210
FIG. 1 Fineness Gages
A
Sometimes referred to in error as the North Standard scale.
between the plane of the gage, and the tube is 75 to 80°. A
B
Rounded to nearest 5 μm or 0.5 mil.
viewing box is not mandatory for illumination, but if one is
C
Federation of Societies for Paint Technology scale.
D
National Printing Ink Research Institute scale, 0 to 10 on the NPIRI Production desired, a proposed design for a viewing box is contained in
Grindometer, but extended on many gages to 20 or 30 (see Test Method D 1316).
Appendix X1.
5.2 Stepped Gage—A hardened steel, stainless steel, or
6. Care of Gage
chrome-plated steel block (Fig. 1a), approximately 6.7 in. (170
6.1 Clean the gage immediately after each use. Use a
mm) in length, and 0.6 in. (15 mm) in thickness. A path 1-in.
(25-mm) wide shall be cut the length of, and centered in a solvent and a soft cloth. Keep the gage covered or encased at
all times when not in use. Protect gages that lie idle for
block 2.5-in. (65-mm) wide. The path will be cut to two
different depths, each for half of its length. The two depths will extended periods of time from rust with an oil coating or oil
soaked wrap.
be 3 mils, and 1 mil, or as agreed upon between the buyer and
the seller. There shall be two tick marks, above and below the 6.2 Do not allow any hard materials to come in contact with
the gage surface or scraper in any manner that might result in
“step”, and spaced 1 in. (25 mm) from it.
5.3 Scraper—A double-edged hardened steel, stainless scarring or nicking. Avoid tapping or scratching with other
metal.
steel, or chrome-plated steel blade (Fig. 2) 3.75-in. (95-mm)
long, 1.5-in. (40-mm) wide, and 0.25-in. (6.4-mm) thick. The 6.3 The scraper may be rendered unsatisfactory for use by
wear or nicks of the contact edge or warpage (Note 2). Replace
two edges on the 3.75-in. sides shall be rounded to a radius of
0.015 in. (0.38 mm). or recondition unsatisfactory blades.
5.4 Illumination—The gage shall be illuminated for viewing
NOTE 2—Wear or warpage of the scraper may be noted by facing the
with a fluorescent tube, mounted approximately 10 in. (250
edge of the scraper down on the smooth level face of the gage, then
mm) above the gage with the length of the tube parallel to the
inspecting the contact edge by means of a strong light, placed behind the
length of the gage. The tube will be mounted so that the angle gage. Rocking the scraper forward or back will reveal poor contact due to
D 1210
1-inch single path gage Texture Gage
FIG. 1 a Fineness Gages (continued)
arrow in each drawing represents the end point (reading) for
that distribution. These patterns are to be used for notation of
frequency of particles and should not be interpreted according
to the size of the dots. Although called “standards,” they are
really examples of fineness readings to be used as a guide,
since no two particle distributions will be exactly the same.
7.2 Similarly, Fig. 4 exhibits typical fineness gage patterns
for the 2-in. (50-mm) gage in 5.1.2, or the 1-in. (25-mm) gage
in 5.1.3. These diagrams are to be used like those for the
double-path gage except that a “cleanliness” rating is also
shown. “Cleanliness” is descriptive of the number of particles
that appear in the path above the fineness designation. Three
ratings are indicated: A (0 to 8 specks), B (9 to 15 specks), and
C (16 or more specks).
NOTE 1—1 in. 5 25.4 mm.
FIG. 2 Scraper
8. Procedure—Tapered Gage
8.1 Place the gage on a horizontal flat, nonslippery surface
and wipe clean immediately before the test. Be sure the gage
wear or warpage. Any light coming through between scraper and gage
surface is free of lint.
face shows that the scraper has been damaged and is not satisfactory for
8.2 Hand stir the specimen (Note 3) vigorously for 2 min,
use.
taking care that air bubbles are not whipped into the paint. To
7. Visual Standards
be sure of an accurate grind reading, specimens must be free of
air bubbles
...
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