ASTM B243-12
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
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Designation: B243 − 12
StandardTerminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.3 Phenomena Resulting from Sintering, 3.3.3
3.4 Properties of Sintered Parts, 3.3.4
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are
3.5 Procedure to Evaluate Sintered Parts, 3.3.5
helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metal-
3.6 Removal of Binders, 3.3.6
lurgy terms.
4. Postsinter Treatments:
4.1 Processes, 3.4.1
2. Referenced Documents
5. Miscellaneous:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Definitions, 3.5.1
B331Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in
5.2 Processes, 3.5.2
Uniaxial Compaction
5.3 Materials, 3.5.3
3.1.2 General:
3. Terminology
agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
3.1 Powder—Terms associated with production,
metal powder, n—particles of elemental metals or alloys,
characterization, use, and testing of metal powders.
normally less than 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
3.1.1 Table of Contents
particulate matter, n—see powder.
PM, n—the acronym for powder metallurgy.
1. Powders:
powder, n—particles that are usually less than 1000 µm (1
1.0 General, 3.1.2
mm) in size.
1.1 Processes to Produce Powder, 3.1.3
powder metallurgy, n—the production and utilization of
1.2 Types of Powder, 3.1.4
metal powders.
1.3 Shapes of Powder Particles, 3.1.5
3.1.3 Processes to Produce Powder:
1.4 Additives to Powder, 3.1.6
air classification, n—the separation of powder into particle
1.5 Treatment of Powder, 3.1.7
size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled velocity.
1.6 Properties of Powder, 3.1.8
atomization, n—the dispersion of a molten metal into par-
1.7 Procedures to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.9
ticles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechani-
1.8 Equipment to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.10
cal means.
2. Forming:
chemical deposition, n—the precipitation of one metal from
2.0 General, 3.2.1
asolutionofitssaltsbytheadditionofanothermetalorreagent
2.1 Processes for Compacting, 3.2.2
to the solution.
2.2 Conditions of Compacting,
chemically precipitated metal powder, n—powder produced
2.3 Tools Used for Compacting, 3.2.3
bythereductionofametalfromasolutionofitssaltseitherby
2.4 Phenomena Resulting from Compaction, 3.2.4
the addition of another metal higher in the electromotive series
2.5 Properties of Compacts, 3.2.6
or by other reducing agent.
2.6 Forging, 3.2.7
classification, n—separation of a powder into fractions
2.7 Metal Injection Molding, 3.2.8
according to particle size.
3. Sintering:
disintegration, n—the reduction of massive material to
3.1 Process for Sintering, 3.3.1
powder.
3.2 Conditions During Sintering, 3.3.2
gas classification, n—the separation of powder into particle
size fractions by means of a gas stream of controlled velocity.
1
granulation, n—the production of coarse metal particles by
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
pouringthemoltenmetalthroughascreenintowater(shotting)
tee B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
or by violent agitation of the molten metal while solidifying.
Current edition approved July 15, 2012. Published October 2013. Originally
milling, n—the mechanical treatment of metal powder, or
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as B243–11. DOI:
10.1520/B0243-12. metal powder mixtures, as in a ball mill, to alter the size or
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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B243 − 12
shape of the individual particles or to coat one component of sponge iron, n—a coherent, porous mass of substantially
the mixture with another. pure iron produced by solid-state reduction of iron oxide (for
example, iron ore or mill scale).
pulverization, n—the reduction in particle size of metal
powderbymechanicalmeans,aspecifictypeofdisintegration.
sponge iron powder, n—groundandsizedspongeiron,which
reduced metal powder, n—metal powder produced, without may have been purified or annealed or both.
melting, by the chemical reduction of metal oxides or other
sponge metal, n—any porous metal produced by the reduc-
compounds.
tionordecompositionofacompoundattemperaturebelowthe
3.1.4 Types of Powder:
melting point of the metal
atomized metal powder, n—metal powder produced by the
sponge metal powder, n—a powder produced from a sponge
dispersionofamoltenmetalbyarapidlymovinggas,orliquid
metal by mechanical methods o
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B243 − 11 B243 − 12
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metallurgy
terms.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B331 Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in Uniaxial Compaction
3. Terminology
3.1 Powder—Terms associated with production, characterization, use, and testing of metal powders.
3.1.1 Table of Contents
1. Powders:
1.0 General, 3.1.2
1.1 Processes to Produce Powder, 3.1.3
1.2 Types of Powder, 3.1.4
1.3 Shapes of Powder Particles, 3.1.5
1.4 Additives to Powder, 3.1.6
1.5 Treatment of Powder, 3.1.7
1.6 Properties of Powder, 3.1.8
1.7 Procedures to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.9
1.8 Equipment to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.10
2. Forming:
2.0 General, 3.2.1
2.1 Processes for Compacting, 3.2.2
2.2 Conditions of Compacting,
2.3 Tools Used for Compacting, 3.2.3
2.4 Phenomena Resulting from Compaction, 3.2.4
2.5 Properties of Compacts, 3.2.6
2.6 Forging, 3.2.7
2.7 Metal Injection Molding, 3.2.8
3. Sintering:
3.1 Process for Sintering, 3.3.1
3.2 Conditions During Sintering, 3.3.2
3.3 Phenomena Resulting from Sintering, 3.3.3
3.4 Properties of Sintered Parts, 3.3.4
3.5 Procedure to Evaluate Sintered Parts, 3.3.5
3.6 Removal of Binders, 3.3.6
4. Postsinter Treatments:
4.1 Processes, 3.4.1
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011July 15, 2012. Published December 2011October 2013. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20102011
as B243 – 10.B243 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/B0243-11.10.1520/B0243-12.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B243 − 12
5. Miscellaneous:
5.1 Definitions, 3.5.1
5.2 Processes, 3.5.2
5.3 Materials, 3.5.3
3.1.2 General:
agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
metal powder, n—particles of elemental metals or alloys, normally less than 1000 μm (1 mm) in size.
particulate matter, n—see powder.
PM, n—the acronym for powder metallurgy.
powder, n—particles that are usually less than 1000 μm (1 mm) in size.
powder metallurgy, n—the production and utilization of metal powders.
3.1.3 Processes to Produce Powder:
air classification, n—the separation of powder into particle size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled velocity.
atomization, n—the dispersion of a molten metal into particles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechanical means.
chemical deposition, n—the precipitation of one metal from a solution of its salts by the addition of another metal or reagent
to the solution.
chemically precipitated metal powder, n—powder produced by the reduction of a metal from a solution of its salts either by the
addition of another metal higher in the electromotive series or by other reducing agent.
classification, n—separation of a powder into fractions according to particle size.
disintegration, n—the reduction of massive material to powder.
gas classification, n—the separation of powder into particle size fractions by means of a gas stream of controlled velocity.
granulation, n—the production of coarse metal particles by pouring the molten metal through a screen into water (shotting) or
by violent agitation of the molten metal while solidifying.
milling, n—the mechanical treatment of metal powder, or metal powder mixtures, as in a ball mill, to alter the size or shape of
the individual particles or to coat one component of the mixture with another.
pulverization, n—the reduction in particle size of metal powder by mechanical means, a specific type of disintegration.
reduced metal powder, n—metal powder produced, without melting, by the chemical reduction of metal oxides or other
compounds.
3.1.4 Types of Powder:
atomized metal powder, n—metal powder produced by the dispersion of a molten metal by a rapidly moving gas, or liquid
stream, or by mechanical dispersion.
carbonyl powder, n—a metal powd
...
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