ASTM D4626-95(2019)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 ASTM standard gas chromatographic methods for the analysis of petroleum products require calibration of the gas chromatographic system by preparation and analysis of specified reference mixtures. Frequently, minimal information is given in these methods on the practice of calculating calibration or response factors. Test Methods D2268, D2427, D2804, D2998, D3329, D3362, D3465, D3545, and D3695 are examples. The present practice helps to fill this void by providing a detailed reference procedure for calculating response factors, as exemplified by analysis of a standard blend of C6 to C11 n-paraffins using n-C12 as the diluent.
5.2 In practice, response factors are used to correct peak areas to a common base prior to final calculation of the sample composition. The response factors calculated in this practice are “multipliers” and prior to final calculation of the results the area obtained for each compound in the sample should be multiplied by the response factor determined for that compound.
5.3 It has been determined that values for response factors will vary with individual installations. This may be caused by variations in instrument design, columns, and experimental techniques. It is necessary that chromatographs be individually calibrated to obtain the most accurate data.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for calculating gas chromatographic response factors. It is applicable to chromatographic data obtained from a gaseous mixture or from any mixture of compounds that is normally liquid at room temperature and pressure or solids, or both, that will form a solution with liquids. It is not intended to be applied to those compounds that react in the chromatograph or are not quantitatively eluted. Normal C6 through C11 paraffins have been chosen as model compounds for demonstration purposes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4626 − 95 (Reapproved 2019)
Designation: 378/87
Standard Practice for
Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4626; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2804 Test Method for Purity of Methyl Ethyl Ketone By
Gas Chromatography
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for calculating gas
D2998 Test Method for Polyhydric Alcohols in Alkyd Res-
chromatographic response factors. It is applicable to chromato-
ins (Withdrawn 2004)
graphic data obtained from a gaseous mixture or from any
D3329 Test Method for Purity of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone by
mixtureofcompoundsthatisnormallyliquidatroomtempera-
Gas Chromatography
ture and pressure or solids, or both, that will form a solution
D3362 Test Method for Purity of Acrylate Esters by Gas
with liquids. It is not intended to be applied to those com-
Chromatography (Withdrawn 2011)
poundsthatreactinthechromatographorarenotquantitatively
D3465 Test Method for Purity of Monomeric Plasticizers by
eluted. Normal C through C paraffins have been chosen as
6 11
Gas Chromatography
model compounds for demonstration purposes.
D3545 Test Method for Alcohol Content and Purity of
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Acetate Esters by Gas Chromatography
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D3695 Test Method for VolatileAlcohols in Water by Direct
standard.
Aqueous-Injection Gas Chromatography
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Analytical Standards
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3. Terminology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.1 response factor (R)—a constant of proportionality
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
used to convert the observed chromatographic response of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
specific compounds to either mass or volume percent compo-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
sition. The observed response may be measured as peak areas
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
or peak heights. Depending on the calculation formula, the
response factor (R) is applied by either multiplying or dividing
2. Referenced Documents
the observed response by the determined factor.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.2 In this practice, the response factors determined are
D2268 Test Method for Analysis of High-Purity n-Heptane
multiplying factors.
and Isooctane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
4. Summary of Practice
D2427 Test Method for Determination of C through C
2 5
Hydrocarbons in Gasolines by Gas Chromatography
4.1 Individual C to C n-paraffins are precisely weighed
6 11
and combined in an inert, tight-sealing glass vial. Different
concentration levels of the blend components to cover concen-
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
tration ranges of interest may be obtained by dilution with a
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
suitable solvent. As diluent, a n-paraffin, such as n-dodecane,
mittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
that is, higher boiling than the blend components is suitable.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4626 – 95 (2015).
DOI: 10.1520/D4626-95R19.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
the ASTM website. be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02-1200.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4626 − 95 (2019)
The quantitative blends are analyzed, in duplicate, by gas 7. Reagents and Materials
chromatography using either thermal conductivity, flame-
7.1 Carrier Gas, helium, hydrogen, or other suitable gases
ionization or other forms of detection. From the mass or
maybeuseddependingonthedetectorandtherequirementsof
volume composition of the blend and the raw area or peak
the method being calibrated.
height measurements, mass or volume response or relative
7.2 Combustion Gases—Air and hydrogen are required for
response factors for each blend component are calculated.
flame ionization detectors.
5. Significance and Use 7.3 n-Paraffın Hydrocarbons, C,C,C,C,C ,C , and
6 7 8 9 10 11
C -99 % pure.
5.1 ASTM standard gas chromatographic methods for the
7.4 Solvent,usedasadiluenttovaryconcentrationsofblend
analysis of petroleum products require calibration of the gas
chromatographic system by preparation and analysis of speci- components. A suitable solvent is one that is relatively
nonvolatile, miscible with all sample components and,
fied reference mixtures. Frequently, minimal information is
given in these methods on the practice of calculating calibra- preferably, well resolved chromatographically from all mixture
components. In this model, n-C is used.
tion or response factors. Test Methods D2268, D2427, D2804,
D2998, D3329, D3362, D3465, D3545, and D3695 are ex-
8. Procedure
amples.The present practice helps to fill this void by
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4626 − 95 (Reapproved 2019)
Designation: 378/87
Standard Practice for
Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4626; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2804 Test Method for Purity of Methyl Ethyl Ketone By
Gas Chromatography
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for calculating gas
D2998 Test Method for Polyhydric Alcohols in Alkyd Res-
chromatographic response factors. It is applicable to chromato-
ins (Withdrawn 2004)
graphic data obtained from a gaseous mixture or from any
D3329 Test Method for Purity of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone by
mixture of compounds that is normally liquid at room tempera-
Gas Chromatography
ture and pressure or solids, or both, that will form a solution
D3362 Test Method for Purity of Acrylate Esters by Gas
with liquids. It is not intended to be applied to those com-
Chromatography (Withdrawn 2011)
pounds that react in the chromatograph or are not quantitatively
D3465 Test Method for Purity of Monomeric Plasticizers by
eluted. Normal C through C paraffins have been chosen as
6 11
Gas Chromatography
model compounds for demonstration purposes.
D3545 Test Method for Alcohol Content and Purity of
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Acetate Esters by Gas Chromatography
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D3695 Test Method for Volatile Alcohols in Water by Direct
standard.
Aqueous-Injection Gas Chromatography
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Analytical Standards
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- E260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3. Terminology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.1 response factor (R)—a constant of proportionality
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
used to convert the observed chromatographic response of
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
specific compounds to either mass or volume percent compo-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
sition. The observed response may be measured as peak areas
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
or peak heights. Depending on the calculation formula, the
response factor (R) is applied by either multiplying or dividing
2. Referenced Documents
the observed response by the determined factor.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.2 In this practice, the response factors determined are
D2268 Test Method for Analysis of High-Purity n-Heptane
multiplying factors.
and Isooctane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
D2427 Test Method for Determination of C through C 4. Summary of Practice
2 5
Hydrocarbons in Gasolines by Gas Chromatography
4.1 Individual C to C n-paraffins are precisely weighed
6 11
and combined in an inert, tight-sealing glass vial. Different
concentration levels of the blend components to cover concen-
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
tration ranges of interest may be obtained by dilution with a
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
suitable solvent. As diluent, a n-paraffin, such as n-dodecane,
mittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
that is, higher boiling than the blend components is suitable.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D4626 – 95 (2015).
DOI: 10.1520/D4626-95R19.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
the ASTM website. be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02-1200.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4626 − 95 (2019)
The quantitative blends are analyzed, in duplicate, by gas 7. Reagents and Materials
chromatography using either thermal conductivity, flame-
7.1 Carrier Gas, helium, hydrogen, or other suitable gases
ionization or other forms of detection. From the mass or
may be used depending on the detector and the requirements of
volume composition of the blend and the raw area or peak
the method being calibrated.
height measurements, mass or volume response or relative
7.2 Combustion Gases—Air and hydrogen are required for
response factors for each blend component are calculated.
flame ionization detectors.
5. Significance and Use 7.3 n-Paraffın Hydrocarbons, C , C , C , C , C , C , and
6 7 8 9 10 11
C -99 % pure.
5.1 ASTM standard gas chromatographic methods for the
analysis of petroleum products require calibration of the gas 7.4 Solvent, used as a diluent to vary concentrations of blend
components. A suitable solvent is one that is relatively
chromatographic system by preparation and analysis of speci-
fied reference mixtures. Frequently, minimal information is nonvolatile, miscible with all sample components and,
preferably, well resolved chromatographically from all mixture
given in these methods on the practice of calculating calibra-
components. In this model, n-C is used.
tion or response factors. Test Methods D2268, D2427, D2804,
D2998, D3329, D3362, D3465, D3545, and D3695 are ex-
amples. The present practice helps to fill this void by providing 8. Procedure
a detailed reference procedure for calculating response factors,
8.1 In
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4626 − 95 (Reapproved 2015) D4626 − 95 (Reapproved 2019)
Designation: 378/87
Standard Practice for
Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4626; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for calculating gas chromatographic response factors. It is applicable to chromatographic
data obtained from a gaseous mixture or from any mixture of compounds that is normally liquid at room temperature and pressure
or solids, or both, that will form a solution with liquids. It is not intended to be applied to those compounds that react in the
chromatograph or are not quantitatively eluted. Normal C through C paraffins have been chosen as model compounds for
6 11
demonstration purposes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2268 Test Method for Analysis of High-Purity n-Heptane and Isooctane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
D2427 Test Method for Determination of C through C Hydrocarbons in Gasolines by Gas Chromatography
2 5
D2804 Test Method for Purity of Methyl Ethyl Ketone By Gas Chromatography
D2998 Test Method for Polyhydric Alcohols in Alkyd Resins (Withdrawn 2004)
D3329 Test Method for Purity of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone by Gas Chromatography
D3362 Test Method for Purity of Acrylate Esters by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 2011)
D3465 Test Method for Purity of Monomeric Plasticizers by Gas Chromatography
D3545 Test Method for Alcohol Content and Purity of Acetate Esters by Gas Chromatography
D3695 Test Method for Volatile Alcohols in Water by Direct Aqueous-Injection Gas Chromatography
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
E260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 response factor (R)—a constant of proportionality used to convert the observed chromatographic response of specific
compounds to either mass or volume percent composition. The observed response may be measured as peak areas or peak heights.
Depending on the calculation formula, the response factor (R) is applied by either multiplying or dividing the observed response
by the determined factor.
3.1.2 In this practice, the response factors determined are multiplying factors.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
Current edition approved April 1, 2015Dec. 1, 2019. Published June 2015December 2019. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 as
D4626 – 95 (2010).(2015). DOI: 10.1520/D4626-95R15.10.1520/D4626-95R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4626 − 95 (2019)
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Individual C to C n-paraffins are precisely weighed and combined in an inert, tight-sealing glass vial. Different
6 11
concentration levels of the blend components to cover concentration ranges of interest may be obtained by dilution with a suitable
solvent. As diluent, a n-paraffin, such as n-dodecane, that is, higher boiling than the blend components is suitable. The quantitative
blends are analyzed, in duplicate, by gas chromatography using either thermal conductivity, flame-ionization or other forms of
detection. From the mass or volume composition of the blend and the raw area or peak height measurements, mass or volume
response or relative response factors for each blend component are calculated.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 ASTM standard gas chromatographic methods for the analysis of petroleum products require calibration of the gas
chromatographic system by preparation and analysis of specified reference mixtures. Frequently, minimal information is given in
these methods on the practice of calculating calibration or response factors. Test Methods D2268, D2427, D2804, D2998, D3329,
D3362, D3465, D3545, and D3695 are examples. The present practice helps to fill this void by providing a detailed reference
procedure for calculating response factors, as exemplified by analysis of a standard blend of C to C n-paraffins using n-C as
6 11 12
the diluent.
5.2 In practice, response factors are used to correct peak areas to a common base prior to final calculation of the sample
composition. The response factors calculated in this practice are “multipliers” and prior to final calculation of the results the area
obtained for each compound in the sample should be multiplied by the response factor determined for that compound.
5.3 It has been determined that values for response factors will vary with individual installations. This may be cause
...
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