ASTM F152-95(2017)

Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Nonmetallic Gasket Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are described in order to standardize procedures for determining the tensile strength of nonmetallic gasket materials. The measurement of this property characterizes various classes and grades of materials of a given type and in so doing, it will give the manufacturer a measurement of the quality of his product. It also will aid the purchaser of the gasketing materials to be able to determine whether the gasket material that he has approved for a given application is being manufactured in acceptable quality.  
4.2 The measurement of this property should not be misconstrued as to give the purchaser of the gasket material an indication of the performance of that material in application.  
4.3 The property may be useful in establishing material specifications.  
4.4 Various procedures are given for the different types of materials, and in order to compare the results from one laboratory to another, it is imperative that the applicable procedure be selected.  
4.5 Various types of tension-testing apparatus are allowed to be used. These types of equipment can produce different indicated results. Laboratories having different equipment may have to establish correlations between each other; otherwise, misinterpretation of the test data could result.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of tensile strength of certain nonmetallic gasketing materials at room temperature. The types of materials covered are those containing asbestos and other inorganic fibers (Type 1), cork (Type 2), cellulose or other organic fiber (Type 3), and flexible graphite (Type 5) as described in Classification F104. These test methods are not applicable to the testing of vulcanized rubber, a method for which is described in Test Methods D412 nor for rubber O-rings, a method for which is described in Test Methods D1414.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2017
• ICS: 23.100.60 - Filters, seals and contamination of fluids
• ICS: 73.080 - Non-metalliferous minerals
• Technical Committee: F03 - Gaskets
• Drafting Committee: F03.20 - Mechanical Test Methods

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F152-95(2009) - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Nonmetallic Gasket Materials
• Effective Date: 01-May-2017
• Refers: ASTM E4-14 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2014
• Refers: ASTM E691-13 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM E691-11 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2011
• Refers: ASTM F104-11 - Standard Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2011
• Refers: ASTM E4-10 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2010
• Refers: ASTM E4-09a - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2009
• Refers: ASTM F104-03(2009) - Standard Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Refers: ASTM E4-09 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Refers: ASTM E4-08 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2008
• Refers: ASTM E691-08 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Refers: ASTM E4-07 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2007
• Refers: ASTM E691-05 - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005
• Refers: ASTM E4-03 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Refers: ASTM F104-03 - Standard Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003

Overview

ASTM F152-95(2017): Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Nonmetallic Gasket Materials outlines standardized procedures for measuring the tensile strength of various nonmetallic gasket materials at room temperature. Developed by ASTM International, this standard ensures consistent testing and reliable material characterization across manufacturers and purchasers. The test methods apply to nonmetallic materials such as those containing asbestos, inorganic fibers, cork, cellulose, other organic fibers, and flexible graphite, as described in ASTM F104. This standard is not intended for vulcanized rubber or rubber O-rings, which are covered by separate ASTM standards.

Key Topics

• Tensile Strength Measurement: Standardized methods for determining the maximum tensile stress that nonmetallic gasket materials can endure before rupture.
• Material Classification: Covers nonmetallic gasket types including:
  • Type 1: Asbestos and other inorganic fibers
  • Type 2: Cork compositions
  • Type 3: Cellulose and organic fibers
  • Type 5: Flexible graphite
• Test Methods: Provides various procedures tailored to different material types to ensure accurate characterization.
• Test Equipment: Permits use of various tension-testing machines; emphasizes the importance of inter-laboratory consistency and correlation of test results.
• Sample Conditioning: Specifies pre-test conditioning requirements for optimal reproducibility and comparability of results.
• Reporting Requirements: Lists necessary documentation of test conditions, specimen information, and results for traceability.

Applications

The ASTM F152-95(2017) standard is widely used in many industrial sectors where reliable gasket performance is essential, such as chemical processing, power generation, automotive manufacturing, and piping systems. Its main practical applications include:

• Quality Control: Manufacturers utilize these test methods to verify the tensile strength and uniformity of nonmetallic gasket materials, ensuring product quality before market release.
• Procurement and Compliance: Purchasers use test data to confirm that supplied gasket materials meet required specifications for their intended applications.
• Material Specification: The standard assists in developing detailed material specifications based on quantifiable tensile strength data.
• Laboratory Testing Consistency: By providing clearly defined procedures, ASTM F152 helps laboratories achieve consistent and repeatable results, supporting inter-laboratory data comparison and compliance audits.

It is important to note that while tensile strength is a critical measure of intrinsic material quality, it should not be solely interpreted as an indicator of performance in actual gasket applications.

Related Standards

• ASTM F104: Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materials; details the types referenced by F152-95(2017).
• ASTM D412: Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers-Tension; provides methods for materials not covered by F152-95(2017).
• ASTM D1414: Standard Test Methods for Rubber O-Rings.
• ASTM E4: Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines; supports calibration for accurate tension measurements.
• ASTM E691: Guidelines for Interlaboratory Studies; facilitates precision and bias analysis between laboratories.

Summary

ASTM F152-95(2017) is essential for standardizing the determination of tensile strength in nonmetallic gasket materials, ensuring reliability in manufacturing, procurement, and material specification. Through its comprehensive test methods, the standard minimizes variability across laboratories and supports global trade by facilitating compliance with internationally recognized quality benchmarks. Use of this standard provides confidence in material performance, supports procurement processes, and underpins stringent quality control programs across industries relying on nonmetallic gasket materials.

Keywords: ASTM F152, tension testing, nonmetallic gasket materials, tensile strength, quality control, industrial gaskets, material testing, ASTM standards.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F152 − 95 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Methods for
Tension Testing of Nonmetallic Gasket Materials
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF152;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Determine the Precision of a Test Method
F104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materi-
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of tensile
als
strength of certain nonmetallic gasketing materials at room
temperature. The types of materials covered are those contain-
3. Terminology
ing asbestos and other inorganic fibers (Type 1), cork (Type 2),
cellulose or other organic fiber (Type 3), and flexible graphite
3.1 Definitions:
(Type 5) as described in Classification F104. These test
3.1.1 sample—a unit or section of a unit taken from a
methods are not applicable to the testing of vulcanized rubber,
sampling lot.
a method for which is described in Test Methods D412 nor for
3.1.2 specimen—a piece of material appropriately shaped
rubber O-rings, a method for which is described in Test
and prepared so that it is ready for a test.
Methods D1414.
3.1.3 tensile strength—the maximum tensile stress applied
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
during stretching a specimen to rupture.
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
3.1.4 tensile stress—the applied force per unit or original
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cross-sectional area of the specimen.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 These test methods are described in order to standardize
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
procedures for determining the tensile strength of nonmetallic
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
gasket materials. The measurement of this property character-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
izes various classes and grades of materials of a given type and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
in so doing, it will give the manufacturer a measurement of the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
quality of his product. It also will aid the purchaser of the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
gasketing materials to be able to determine whether the gasket
material that he has approved for a given application is being
2. Referenced Documents
manufactured in acceptable quality.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 The measurement of this property should not be mis-
D412 Test Methods forVulcanized Rubber andThermoplas-
construed as to give the purchaser of the gasket material an
tic Elastomers—Tension
indication of the performance of that material in application.
D1414 Test Methods for Rubber O-Rings
4.3 The property may be useful in establishing material
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
specifications.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
4.4 Various procedures are given for the different types of
materials, and in order to compare the results from one
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F03 on
laboratory to another, it is imperative that the applicable
Gaskets and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.20 on Mechanical
Test Methods. procedure be selected.
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2017.PublishedJuly2017.Originallyapproved
4.5 Varioustypesoftension-testingapparatusareallowedto
in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F152 – 95 (2009). DOI:
10.1520/F0152-95R17.
be used. These types of equipment can produce different
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
indicated results. Laboratories having different equipment may
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
have to establish correlations between each other; otherwise,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. misinterpretation of the test data could result.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F152 − 95 (2017)
5. Apparatus 7.2 Method B, for Cork Compositions and Cork-Rubber
Gasket Materials:
5.1 Dies—The inside faces of the dies shall be polished and
7.2.1 Prepare the specimens from the sample using a 50.8
be perpendicular to the plane formed by the cutting edges for
by 101.5-mm (2 by 4-in.) die.
a depth of at least 5 mm (0.2 in.). The dies shall be sharp and
7.2.2 Place the specimens in the jaws so that a 25.4-mm
free of nicks in order to prevent ragged edges on the specimen.
(1-in.) length is gripped and drive the jaw at 305 6 25 mm (12
5.2 Dial Micrometers—In accordance with 9.1 of Classifi-
6 1 in.)/min.
cation F104.
7.3 Method C, for Cellulosic or Other Organic Fiber-
5.3 Testing Machine—Tension tests shall be made on a
Containing Gasket Materials:
power-driven machine, so equipped that a constant rate of grip
7.3.1 The specimens shall be 25.4 by 152.4 mm (1 by 6 in.).
separation shall be maintained, and with an indicating or
The lengthwise dimension shall be perpendicular to the grain
recording device for measuring the resulting force within
direction of the material.
62 %. The tester shall have two grips and a mechanism for
7.3.2 Place them in the machine with a 102-mm (4-in.)
separating the grips at a uniform rate, wh
...