ASTM C1608-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Chemical Shrinkage of Hydraulic Cement Paste
Standard Test Method for Chemical Shrinkage of Hydraulic Cement Paste
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4. Significance and UseNumerous properties of cementitious materials are controlled by their initial hydration rate. Examples include early-age strength development, heat release, and crack resistance. One direct and convenient measure of this initial hydration rate is provided by the measurement of the chemical shrinkage of the cement paste during its hydration. As cement hydrates, the hydration products occupy less volume than the initial reacting materials (cement and water). Due to this volume change, a hydrating cement paste will sorb water from its immediate surroundings, when available. At early times, this sorption is in direct proportion to the amount of hydration that has occurred.4 This method is based on the one developed by Geiker.5 The results are relevant to understanding the hydration behavior of cements. This method does not measure the bulk volume changes (autogenous shrinkage) associated with chemical shrinkage nor the cracking potential of concretes produced with the evaluated cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the internal (absolute) volume change of hydraulic cement paste that results from the hydration of the cementitious materials. This volume change is known as chemical shrinkage .
1.1.1 Procedure A, volumetric method.
1.1.2 Procedure B, the density method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)
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Designation: C1608 − 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Chemical Shrinkage of Hydraulic Cement Paste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1608; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method measures the internal (absolute) vol- 3.1 Definitions:
ume change of hydraulic cement paste that results from the
3.1.1 chemical shrinkage, n—the absolute (internal) vol-
hydration of the cementitious materials.This volume change is
ume change accompanying the hydration of cement, due to the
known as chemical shrinkage.
fact that the cement hydration products occupy less physical
1.1.1 Procedure A, volumetric method.
volume than the reactants.
1.1.2 Procedure B, the density method.
3.1.2 All other terms are as defined in Terminology C219.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Numerous properties of cementitious materials are con-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
trolled by their initial hydration rate. Examples include early-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
age strength development, heat release, and crack resistance.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
One direct and convenient measure of this initial hydration rate
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh
is provided by the measurement of the chemical shrinkage of
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause
the cement paste during its hydration.As cement hydrates, the
2
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
hydration products occupy less volume than the initial reacting
materials (cement and water). Due to this volume change, a
2. Referenced Documents
hydrating cement paste will sorb water from its immediate
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
surroundings, when available.At early times, this sorption is in
4
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic directproportiontotheamountofhydrationthathasoccurred.
5
Cement
This method is based on the one developed by Geiker. The
C186 Test Method for Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic results are relevant to understanding the hydration behavior of
Cement
cements. This method does not measure the bulk volume
C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement changes (autogenous shrinkage) associated with chemical
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
shrinkage nor the cracking potential of concretes produced
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement with the evaluated cement.
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
5. Apparatus
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
5.1 Devices for Determining Mass, conforming to the re-
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
quirements of Method C114 and evaluated for precision and
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
accuracy at a total load of 100 g.
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
5.2 Constant Temperature Water Bath—a water bath ca-
pable of maintaining a temperature of 23.0 6 0.5 °C, with a
sufficient capacity to hold the specimens being evaluated. To
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cement
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.31 on Volume Change.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C1608 – 07. DOI:
4
10.1520/C1608-12. L.J. Parrott, M. Geiker, W.A. Gutteridge, and D. Killoh, “Monitoring Portland
2
See the section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Cement Hydration: Comparison of Methods,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.
Standards, Vol. 04.01. 20, 919-926, 1990.
3 5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or M.Geiker,“StudiesofPortlandCementHydration:MeasurementsofChemical
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Shrinkage and a Systematic Evaluation of Hydration Curves by Means of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Dispersion Model,” Ph.D. Thesis, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen,
the ASTM website. Denmark, 1983.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C1608 − 12
avoid e
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1608 − 07 C1608 − 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Chemical Shrinkage of Hydraulic Cement Paste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1608; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method measures the internal (absolute) volume change of hydraulic cement paste that results from the hydration
of the cementitious materials. This volume change is known as chemical shrinkage.
1.1.1 Procedure A, volumetric method.
1.1.2 Procedure B, the density method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and
2
tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
C186 Test Method for Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cement
C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
Cements and Concretes
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing of
Hydraulic Cements
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 chemical shrinkage, n—the absolute (internal) volume change accompanying the hydration of cement, due to the fact that
the cement hydration products occupy less physical volume than the reactants.
3.1.2 All other terms are as defined in Terminology C219.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.31 on Volume Change.
Current edition approved June 15, 2007Oct. 15, 2012. Published July 2007November 2012. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20062007 as
C1608 – 06.C1608 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/C1608-07.10.1520/C1608-12.
2
See the section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.01.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1608 − 12
4. Significance and Use
Numerous properties of cementitious materials are controlled by their initial hydration rate. Examples include early-age
strength development, heat release, and crack resistance. One direct and convenient measure of this initial hydration rate is
provided by the measurement of the chemical shrinkage of the cement paste during its hydration. As cement hydrates, the hy-
dration products occupy less volume than the initial reacting materials (cement and water). Due to this volume change, a hy-
drating cement paste will sorb water from its immediate surroundings, when available. At early times, this sorption is in direct
4 5
proportion to the amount of hydration that has occurred. This method is based on the one developed by Geiker. The results
are relevant to understanding the hydration behavior of cements. This method does not measure the bulk volume changes (au-
togenous shrinkage) associated with chemical shrinkage nor the cracking potential of concretes produced with the evaluated
cement.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Devices for Determining Mass, conforming to the requirements of SpecificationMethod C1005C114 and evaluated for
precision and accuracy at a total load of 100 g.
5.2 Constant Temperature Water Bath—a water bath capable of maintaining a temperature of 23.0
...
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