ASTM F1437-92
(Practice)Standard Practice for Inclined Cargo Tank Ladders
Standard Practice for Inclined Cargo Tank Ladders
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides design, construction, and installation criteria for inclined ladders to be installed within cargo tanks.
1.2 Where ladders are attached to platforms, see Figs. 1 and 2.
1.3 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: F 1437 – 92 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
1
Inclined Cargo Tank Ladders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1437; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Materials and Manufacture
1.1 This practice provides design, construction, and instal- 5.1 Materials—(Type I):
lation criteria for inclined ladders to be installed within cargo 5.1.1 Stringers—230 mm (approximately 9 in.) 3 75 mm
7
tanks. (approximately 3 in.) 3 50 mm (approximately 1 ⁄8 in.)
1.2 Where ladders are attached to platforms, see Fig. 1 and structural channels of carbon steel. (See Specification A 36.)
Fig. 2 . 5.1.2 Upper and Lower Clips—Flat bars of carbon steel.
1.3 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the (See Specification A 36.)
standard. The values stated in parentheses are provided for 5.1.3 Handrails and Stanchions—25 mm (approximately 1
information purposes only. in.) diameter carbon steel. (See Specification A 36.)
5.1.4 Treads—75 mm (approximately 3 in.)3 75 mm 3 10
2. Referenced Documents 3
mm (approximately ⁄8 in.) structural angles of carbon steel.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(See Specification A 36.)
2
A 36 Specification for Structural Steel 5.2 Materials—(Type II):
2.2 Military Specification:
5.2.1 Stringers—Structural flat bars of carbon steel. (See
MIL-C-277258 Coatings, Corrosion Preventive, for Aircraft Specification A 36.)
3
Integral Fuel Tanks
5.2.2 Upper and Lower Clips—Flat bars of carbon steel.
2.3 Other Documents:
(See Specification A 36.)
American Bureau of Shipping Rules for Building and 5.2.3 Treads—25 mm (approximately 1 in.)3 25 mm square
4
Classing Steel Vessels
bars of carbon steel. (See Specification A 36.)
American Welding Society Publication, AWS D 1.1- 5.3 Manufacture:
5
Structural Welding Code
5.3.1 All welding shall be in accordance with American
6
Steel Structures Painting Council Specification Bureau Rules of Shipping and Classing Steel Vessels or AWS
D 1.1.
3. Classification
6. Dimensions
3.1 Ladders shall be classified into two types:
3.1.1 Type I—Ladders installed within cargo tanks carrying
6.1 Dimensions indicated are typical. However, these di-
cargo other than fuel oil, and mensions can be changed to suit other existing structures.
3.1.2 Type II—Ladders installed within cargo tanks carrying
6.2 The tread lengths, or the clear widths, between the
fuel oil. stringers for Type I ladders, for commercial and naval ships,
shall be 430 mm (approximately 18 in.) and 610 mm (approxi-
4. Significance and Use
mately 24 in.), respectively.
4.1 This practice establishes the procedure for the construc-
6.3 The tread lengths or clear widths between stringers for
tion and installation of inclined ladders to be fabricated and
Type II ladders shall be 380 mm (approximately 15 i
...
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Section 1:
Scope
Section 2:
Lists relevant ASTM Standards and other industry or regulatory guidance documents
Section 3:
Defines the key terminology used in this guide
Section 4:
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Section 5:
Tank System Design and Installation
Section 6:
Preventive Maintenance and Inspection Plan
Section 7:
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Section 8:
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Section 9:
Release Response Plan
Section 10:
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Section 11:
Tank System Closure
Section 12:
UST Management Practice and Operator Training
Appendix X1:
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This practice covers a procedure for measuring the ultrasonic velocities in the outer wall of polyethylene storage tanks. The practice is intended for application to the outer surfaces of the wall of polyethylene tanks. An angle beam lateral longitudinal (LCR) wave is excited with wedges along a circumferential chord of the tank wall. A digital ultrasonic flaw detector is used with sending-receiving search units in through transmission mode. The observed velocity is temperature corrected and compared to the expected velocity for a new, unexposed sample of material, which is the same as the material being evaluated. The difference between the observed and temperature corrected velocities determines the degree of UV exposure of the tank.
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5.1 Measuring the velocity of ultrasound in materials is a unique method for determining nondestructively the physical properties, which can vary due to both manufacturing processes and environmental attack. Velocity is directly related to the elastic moduli, which can vary based on environmental exposure and manufacturing process, The LCR method described herein is able to measure the velocity between two adjacent points on a surface and therefore is independent of the conditions on the opposite wall. Applications of the method beyond polymer tanks will undoubtedly be developed and examination may occur in the production line as well as in the in-service mode.
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1.1 This practice covers a procedure for measuring the ultrasonic velocities in the outer wall of polyethylene storage tanks. An angle beam lateral longitudinal (LCR) wave is excited with wedges along a circumferential chord of the tank wall. A digital ultrasonic flaw detector is used with sending-receiving search units in through transmission mode. The observed velocity is temperature corrected and compared to the expected velocity for a new, unexposed sample of material which is the same as the material being evaluated. The difference between the observed and temperature corrected velocities determines the degree of UV exposure of the tank.
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1.3 UV degradation on the outer surface causes a stiffening of the material and an increase in Young's modulus and the longitudinal wave velocity.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
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1.1 This practice covers information for field personnel to follow in order to collect samples from tanks.
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