EN 12920:2006
(Main)Characterization of waste - Methodology for the Determination of the Leaching Behaviour of Waste under Specified Conditions
Characterization of waste - Methodology for the Determination of the Leaching Behaviour of Waste under Specified Conditions
This standard specifies a methodology for the determination of the leaching behaviour of waste under specified conditions (i.e. for a specified scenario including a specified time frame) in order to provide a solution to a defined problem. This applies to disposal and recovery scenarios.
NOTE Recovery is the term defined in the European waste acts [1,3]. It includes re-use and recycling.
The external conditions which have a direct influence on the release of constituents from waste are considered. Migration of constituents leached from the disposal or the recovery site into the surrounding environment is not considered. Also the assessment of toxicity to humans or ecological impacts on flora and fauna as a secondary effect after release of constituents from the waste is not considered.
NOTE Present knowledge of highly complex scenarios and wastes may limit the ability to provide a clear solution to a defined problem. An example may be the land filling of complex mixtures of wastes.
Charakterisierung von Abfall - Vorgehensweise zur Bestimmung des Auslaugungsverhaltens von Abfall unter festgelegten Bedingungen
Dieses Dokument legt eine Vorgehensweise zur Bestimmung des Auslaugungsverhaltens von Abfall unter
festgelegten Bedingungen (d. h. für ein festgelegtes Szenarium einschließlich eines festgelegten
Zeitrahmens) fest, um eine Lösung für ein genau beschriebenes Problem zu geben. Dies gilt für Beseitigungs-
und Verwertungsszenarien.
ANMERKUNG 1 Verwertung ist als Begriff in den Europäischen Abfallrichtlinien [1, 3] definiert. Verwertung beinhaltet
Wiederverwendung und Recycling.
Es werden die äußeren Bedingungen betrachtet, die die Freisetzung von Bestandteilen aus Abfall direkt
beeinflussen. Die Migration von ausgelaugten Bestandteilen des Beseitigungs- oder Verwertungsstandortes in
die Umgebung findet keine Berücksichtigung. Die Beurteilung der Toxizität für den Menschen oder die
ökologischen Einflüsse auf Flora und Fauna als einem Nebeneffekt nach Freisetzung der Bestandteile aus
dem Abfall werden ebenfalls nicht berücksichtigt.
ANMERKUNG 2 Das derzeitige Wissen von sehr komplexen Szenarien und Abfällen kann die Möglichkeit für eine
eindeutige Lösung eines bestimmten Problems einschränken. Ein Beispiel kann die Deponierung eines komplexen
Abfallgemisches sein.
Caractérisation des déchets - Méthodologie pour la détermination du comportement à la lixiviation d'un déchet dans des conditions spécifiées
La présente norme spécifie une méthodologie permettant de déterminer le comportement à la lixiviation d'un
déchet dans des conditions spécifiées (c'est-à-dire pour un scénario spécifié sur une période donnée), afin de
fournir une solution à un problème déterminé. Elle s'applique aux scénarios d'élimination et de valorisation.
NOTE 1 Le terme valorisation est un terme défini dans les décrets européens sur les déchets [1, 3]. Il comprend le réemploi
et le recyclage.
Les conditions externes qui ont une influence directe sur le relargage des constituants d'un déchet sont prises
en considération. La migration dans l'environnement immédiat des constituants lixiviés à partir du site
d'élimination ou de valorisation n'est pas prise en compte. N'est pas non plus prise en considération
l'évaluation de la toxicité pour les humains ou les impacts écologiques sur la flore et la faune en tant qu'effet
secondaire du relargage des constituants du déchet.
NOTE 2 Il se peut que l'état actuel des connaissances en matière de scénarios et de déchets particulièrement
complexes limite la possibilité de fournir une solution claire au problème posé. Un exemple peut être la mise en décharge
de mélanges complexes de déchets.
Karakterizacija odpadkov – Metodologija za določanje izlužljivosti odpadkov pri določenih pogojih
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2006
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SIST ENV 12920:2001
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Characterization of waste - Methodology for the Determination of the Leaching Behaviour
of Waste under Specified Conditions
Charakterisierung von Abfall - Vorgehensweise zur Bestimmung des
Auslaugungsverhaltens von Abfall unter festgelegten Bedingungen
Caractérisation des déchets - Méthodologie pour la détermination du comportement a la
lixiviation d'un déchet dans des conditions spécifiées
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12920:2006
ICS:
13.030.01 Odpadki na splošno Wastes in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 12920
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2006
ICS 13.030.01 Supersedes ENV 12920:1997
English Version
Characterization of waste - Methodology for the Determination of
the Leaching Behaviour of Waste under Specified Conditions
Caractérisation des déchets - Méthodologie pour la Charakterisierung von Abfall - Vorgehensweise zur
détermination du comportement à la lixiviation d'un déchet Bestimmung des Auslaugungsverhaltens von Abfall unter
dans des conditions spécifiées festgelegten Bedingungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 February 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12920:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope.5
2 Terms and definitions .5
3 Description of the steps in the methodology .6
3.1 Outline.6
3.2 Step 1: Definition of the problem and the solution sought .6
3.3 Step 2: Description of the scenario .7
3.4 Step 3: Description of the waste .7
3.5 Step 4: Determination of the influence of parameters on leaching behaviour within the
specified time frame .8
3.6 Step 5: Modelling of leaching behaviour within the specified time frame.9
3.7 Step 6: Behavioural Model Validation .9
3.7.1 General.9
3.7.2 Verification of the consistency between parameter specific tests and simulation tests.9
3.7.3 Verification of predicted behaviour in the field .9
3.7.4 Identification of analogy with geological natural and/or ancient materials.9
3.8 Step 7: Conclusion .10
4 Study report.10
Annex A (informative) Principle of the methodology .11
Bibliography .12
Foreword
This document (EN 12920:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization
of Waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by September 2006.
This document supersedes ENV 12920:1997.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Introduction
The purpose of this standard is to provide a methodology for the determination of the leaching behaviour of a
waste under specified conditions i.e. in a disposal or recovery scenario within a specified time frame. The
methodology is designed to ensure that waste specific properties and scenario conditions are taken into
account. The methodology contains several steps, some of which make use of chemical, biological, physical
and leaching tests. A selection of tests is made depending on the objective, that is the definition of the
problem and the solution sought, the waste under consideration and the scenario to be evaluated.
It is recognised that based on the present state of knowledge it is not always possible to provide a clear
solution.
Determination of leaching behaviour in the context of this methodology may provide information with relatively
large uncertainties.
To avoid unnecessary duplication of work, reference can be made to existing documented information on
specific waste characteristics and on previous evaluations of existing documented scenarios, provided that
such reference is documented and justified in the study report for each step of the methodology to which it
applies.
1 Scope
This standard specifies a methodology for the determination of the leaching behaviour of waste under
specified conditions (i.e. for a specified scenario including a specified time frame) in order to provide a solution
to a defined problem. This applies to disposal and recovery scenarios.
NOTE 1 Recovery is the term defined in the European Waste Acts [1,3]. It includes re-use and recycling.
The external conditions which have a direct influence on the release of constituents from waste are
considered. Migration of constituents leached from the disposal or the recovery site into the surrounding
environment is not considered. Also the assessment of toxicity to humans or ecological impacts on flora and
fauna as a secondary effect after release of constituents from the waste is not considered.
NOTE 2 Present knowledge of highly complex scenarios and wastes may limit the ability to provide a clear solution to a
defined problem. An example may be the land filling of complex mixtures of wastes.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
scenario
description of a set of normal and exceptional conditions relevant to a particular disposal or recovery situation
for wastes for the determination of the leaching behaviour within a specified time frame
NOTE Disposal is defined in European Directive 91/156/EEC of 18 March 1991[1].
2.2
release
emission of constituents from waste which pass through the external surface of a waste mass as specified in
the considered scenario
2.3
leaching behaviour of a waste
release and change with time in release from the waste upon contact with a leachant under the conditions
specified in the scenario, especially within the specified time frame
NOTE Besides time, factors influencing the leaching behaviour may be liquid/solid ratio, pH, redox potential,
complexation and particle size distribution.
2.4
parameter specific test
test aimed at measuring an intrinsic property of waste or the (interrelated) influence of specific parameters on
the release from waste in the considered scenario
NOTE 1 Examples of intrinsic properties of waste are: diffusion coefficients, solubility, physical properties, etc.
NOTE 2 Examples of specific parameters influencing the leaching behaviour are: temperature, pH, liquid/solid ratio,
redox potential, the flow rate of leachant, chemical properties, etc.
2.5
simulation test
test aimed at simulating the combined effect of various parameters on the release in the scenario under
consideration
NOTE 1 A simulation test may be an accelerated test; care should to be taken in the use of acceleration tests for model
validation purposes.
NOTE 2 Examples of simulation tests are lysimeter tests and large-scale column tests.
2.6
behavioural model
set of relationships between on the one hand the leaching behaviour and on the other hand the relevant
conditions of the considered scenario (especially the specified time frame) as well as the relevant properties of
the waste under consideration
NOTE The behavioural model can vary in sophistication depending on the definition of the problem and the solution
sought.
3 Description of the steps in the methodology
3.1 Outline
The methodology consists of the following steps:
a) definition of the problem and the solution sought;
b) description of the scenario;
c) description of the waste;
d) determination of the influence of parameters on leaching behaviour;
e) modelling of the leaching behaviour;
f) behavioural model validation;
g) conclusions;
h) study report.
These steps are to be carried out to determine the leaching behaviour of the waste in the considered scenario
to provide the solution sought to the defined problem (see Annex A).
NOTE To avoid unnecessary duplication of work, reference can be made to existing documented information on
specific waste characteristics and on previous evaluations of scenarios.
In order to comply with this standard, reference to existing information shall be documented and justified in the
study report for each step of the methodology to which it applies.
3.2 Step 1: Definition of the problem and the solution sought
The first step, in all cases, consists of defining the problem and the solution sought. This requires information
on:
the scenario;
the waste.
NOTE 1 Type(s) of waste may be referred to using the categorisation of the European Waste lists defined by the
Commission decision 2000/532/EC of 3 May 2005 [2].
NOTE 2 Nature of the solution sought may be e.g.:
forecast of a property of the waste after a specified time; e.g. release
comparison of treatment options;
data relating to regulatory requirements.
3.3 Step 2: Description of the scenario
This step consists of describing the normal and exceptional conditions which may influence properties (e.g.
the release) of the waste under consideration in the considered disposal or recovery scenario. This especially
includes the time frame relevant for the prediction of the waste behaviour.
Consquently the scenario shall be described by providing relevant details from the following items:
mechanical and geotechnical conditions;
hydrogeological and climatic conditions;
biological conditions;
conditions for the use of the site at different points in time;
exceptional conditions.
NOTE 1 Description of mechanical and geotechnical conditions can include the proposed preparation of the waste
(including sorting, crushing, compaction etc.) or the dimensions of the disposal/recovery site, nature and thickness of
layers above, below and around the waste, bulk density and expected lifetime of the containment system.
NOTE 2 Description of hydrogeological conditions can include: sources of leachant ingress, infiltration rate, details of
leachant circulation and/or collection and removal, permeability of the surrounding materials and nature of the leachant.
Climatic conditions may be precipitation, wind, exposure to the sun and temperature variations.
NOTE 3 Description of biological conditions can include flora, fauna and micro-organisms.
NOTE 4 Description of the conditions of use of the site at different points in time can include demolition or construction
of buildings, abandonment of disposal sites.
NOTE 5 Description of exceptional conditions can include rising of the ground water table, flooding, fires or
earthquakes.
3.4 Step 3: Description of the waste
In this step the present/initial properties of the waste to be cons
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