CEN/TR 16363:2012
(Main)Characterization of waste - Kinetic testing for assessing acid generation potential of sulfidic waste from extractive industries
Characterization of waste - Kinetic testing for assessing acid generation potential of sulfidic waste from extractive industries
This Technical Report describes the performance and evaluation of kinetic tests for sulfidic waste material that, according to previous testing (primarily acid base accounting), is likely to go acidic or when the result of such testing is inconclusive. This Technical Report also covers the issue of drainage from sulfidic material that is likely to be well buffered but that will produce a neutral drainage potentially affected by sulfide mineral oxidation.
This Technical Report will not include aspects of sampling and testing that are already covered in the overall guidance document for characterisation of extractive waste (CEN/TR 16376) or in the guidance document on sampling of wastes from extractive industries (CEN/TR 16365).
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Kinetische Prüfungen zur Bestimmung des Säurebildungspotentials von sulfidhaltigen Abfällen der mineralgewinnenden Industrie
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais cinétiques pour la détermination du potentiel de génération d'acide des déchets sulfurés des industries extractives
Le présent Rapport technique traite de la performance et de l’évaluation des essais cinétiques pour des déchets sulfurés lorsque des essais antérieurs (notamment le bilan acide-base) montrent leur tendance à l’acidité ou lorsque le résultat desdits essais ne permet pas de tirer des conclusions. Le présent Rapport technique aborde également la question du drainage issu de matériaux sulfurés qui a de bonnes chances d’être neutralisé par un tampon, mais qui va produire un drainage neutre risquant d’être affecté par l’oxydation des minéraux sulfurés.
Le présent Rapport technique n’aborde pas les aspects de l’échantillonnage et des essais qui sont déjà couverts dans le document guide général relatif à la caractérisation des déchets d’extraction (CEN/TR 16376) ou dans le document guide relatif à l’échantillonnage des déchets des industries extractives (CEN/TR 16365).
Karakterizacija odpadkov - Kinetični preskusi za ocenjevanje celotne kislinske kapacitete odpadkov iz industrije bogatenja mineralnih surovin, ki vsebujejo sulfid
To tehnično poročilo opisuje izvajanje in vrednotenje kinetičnih preskusov za odpadne materiale, ki vsebujejo sulfid in pri katerih je glede na predhodne preskuse (predvsem vodenje evidenc kislih osnov) verjetno, da postanejo kisli, ali kadar so rezultati navedenih preskusov nedoločni. To tehnično poročilo prav tako zajema vprašanje drenaže iz sulfidnega materiala, ki ima verjetno visoko vsebnost pufrov, vendar bo proizvedel nevtralno drenažo, na katero bo potencialno vplivala oksidacija sulfidnega minerala. To tehnično poročilo ne zajema vidikov vzorčenja in preskušanja, ki so že zajeti v splošnem dokumentu z napotki za karakterizacijo odpadkov bogatenja mineralnih surovin (CEN/TR 16376) ali v dokumentu z napotki o vzorčenju odpadkov iz industrije bogatenja mineralnih surovin (CEN/TR 16365).
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2013
.DUDNWHUL]DFLMDRGSDGNRY.LQHWLþQLSUHVNXVL]DRFHQMHYDQMHFHORWQHNLVOLQVNH
NDSDFLWHWHRGSDGNRYL]LQGXVWULMHERJDWHQMDPLQHUDOQLKVXURYLQNLYVHEXMHMRVXOILG
Characterization of waste - Kinetic testing for assessing acid generation potential of
sulfidic waste from extractive industries
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Kinetische Prüfung zur Bewertung des
Säurebildungsverhalten sulfidischer Abfälle der mineralgewinnenden Industrie
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais cinétiques pour la détermination du potentiel de
génération d'acide des déchets sulfurés des industries extractives
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16363:2012
ICS:
13.030.01 Odpadki na splošno Wastes in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 16363
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
December 2012
ICS 13.030.01
English Version
Characterization of waste - Kinetic testing for assessing acid
generation potential of sulfidic waste from extractive industries
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais cinétiques pour la Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Kinetische Prüfungen zur
détermination du potentiel de génération d'acide des Bestimmung des Säurebildungspotentials von sulfidhaltigen
déchets sulfurés des industries extractives Abfällen der mineralgewinnenden Industrie
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 9 April 2012. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 292.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16363:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .7
2 Methods .7
2.1 General .7
2.2 Planning .7
2.3 Testing data .9
2.4 Humidity cell test . 10
2.5 Other column tests . 11
2.6 Lysimeter . 12
2.7 Field test . 12
2.7.1 General . 12
2.7.2 Rainfall simulation tests . 13
2.7.3 Long-term field tests . 13
2.8 Key testing variables . 13
2.8.1 General . 13
2.8.2 Sample size and sample preparation. 14
2.8.3 Temperature . 15
2.8.4 Duration . 15
2.8.5 Sample selection. 15
2.9 Method summary . 15
3 Interpretation and evaluation . 17
3.1 General . 17
3.2 Reaction rates . 17
3.2.1 General . 17
3.2.2 Sulfide oxidation rate, assessed by sulfate release . 18
3.2.3 Sulfide oxidation rate, assessed by oxygen consumption . 19
3.3 Leaching rates . 20
3.4 Leaching result evaluation . 21
3.5 Application to field conditions . 22
3.5.1 General . 22
3.5.2 Mineralogy/mineral chemistry . 23
3.5.3 Particle size . 23
3.5.4 Texture / hydraulic conditions . 24
3.5.5 Air flow / oxygen exposure . 24
3.5.6 Temperature . 24
3.5.7 Microbes (inhibitors/enhancers) . 24
3.5.8 Test duration . 25
3.6 Field test evaluations . 25
3.6.1 General . 25
3.6.2 Rainfall simulation tests . 25
3.6.3 Long-term field tests . 25
4 Recommendations . 27
4.1 General . 27
4.2 Assess if the material is going acidic or not . 27
4.3 Define sulfide oxidation rate . 27
4.4 Define acid consuming reaction rate . 27
4.5 Assess when the material will go acidic . 28
4.6 Estimate leaching rates and leachate quality . 28
4.7 Evaluate closure options . 28
Bibliography . 29
Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16363:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292
“Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
The preparation of this document by CEN is based on a mandate by the European Commission
(Mandate M/395), which assigned the development of standards on the characterization of waste from
extractive industries.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Introduction
A specific feature of sulfide containing waste is the risk for acid/neutral drainage generation (A/NRD). Acid
drainage occurs if the acid generation from sulfide oxidation exceeds the acid buffering from minerals in the
waste while, in this context, neutral drainage occurs when neutralisation generation exceeds the acid
generation.
Test methods for the determination of acid generation behaviour can be divided into static and kinetic tests. A
static test is used for screening purposes. It is usually relatively fast to perform, but gives only indicative
information based on total content of sulfur (or sulfides) and of readily available buffering minerals in the waste
material. Kinetic tests give more detailed information on behaviour based on the determination of mineral
reaction rates under specified conditions. A European Standard, EN 15875, has been established for the
static testing, while this Technical Report gives guidance on how the kinetic testing may be performed and
interpreted.
Kinetic testing has been required as part of permit processes for many new and operating mine sites. Many
different test methods have been used over the last 20 to 30 years. These tests are commonly designed to
avoid that the oxidation rate is limited due to the lack of oxygen or build-up of secondary minerals. Kinetic
tests based on current standards and laboratory-scale standard practise (ASTM D5744 - 96:2001 and
ASTM D5744 - 07:2007; Morin and Hutt, 1997; Lapakko, 2003) are not designed to evaluate short- and long-
term drainage water quality. However, adjustments to the standard protocols can be done to produce
indicative information about short-term drainage water quality. Together with modelling, this information can
be used to predict/estimate long-term drainage water quality.
This Technical Report is a guidance document that discusses the main kinetic test methods that are used
within the mining sector internationally, the applicability of the different tests and how to evaluate the results.
Kinetic test results may provide valuable information, but it is important to understand their limitations. Sulfide
oxidation in the field is controlled by many different factors that may be difficult to simulate within the
laboratory. Some of these factors may in fact be unknown at the time of testing. The complexity of applying
test results to field conditions may to some extent be balanced by long experience in evaluating such data.
The objective of this Technical Report is to support the management of waste from extractive industries by
giving guidance on how to characterize the kinetically controlled process of acid drainage generation.
The target audience of the document includes all stakeholders concerned with the management of extractive
waste including the extractive industry, authorities, regulators, consultants, and testing laboratories.
Document structure
This Technical Report is organized to provide the answers to the three main questions below.
What type of data will After introducing the concepts of kinetic testing for assessing acid generation
kinetic testing provide potential of sulfidic waste, this clause (Clause 2) describes what type of
and what methods are information these tests provide. This clause also reviews the different tests
available? methods and the ability to meet the objectives set out for the different kinetic
tests. Methods to evaluate both acid generating reactions and neutralizing
Clause 2 Methods reactions are described.
How can the
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.