CEN/TR 14489:2005
(Main)Fire-resistant hydraulic fluids - Classification and specification - Guidelines on selection for the protection of safety, health and the environment
Fire-resistant hydraulic fluids - Classification and specification - Guidelines on selection for the protection of safety, health and the environment
This Technical Report gives guidance on the achievement of compliance with Essential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSR) by the selection of fire-resistant fluids or by other means. It includes consideration of the selection of fluids with lower levels of fire resistance and of mineral oil, with appropriate additional safety measures, where this option may be considered to be most satisfactory during operation.
This Technical Report is concerned with assessing the fire resistance, health properties and effects on the environment, but does not cover requirements for their general physical and chemical properties, which are detailed in EN ISO 12922.
Schwer entflammbare Druckflüssigkeiten - Klassifikation und Spezifikation - Auswahlleitlinien zur Wahrung der Sicherheit, der Gesundheit und des Umweltschutzes
Dieser Technische Bericht enthält Leitlinien zur Erfüllung der Essential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSR's) durch die Auswahl von schwer entflammbaren Flüssigkeiten oder durch andere Maßnahmen. Er berücksichtigt auch die Auswahl von Flüssigkeiten mit geringeren Ansprüchen an Schwerentflammbarkeit und von Mineralölen, und zwar mit entsprechenden zusätzlichen Sicherheitsvorkehrungen, falls dies als die bestmögliche Betriebsart angegeben wird.
Dieser Technische Bericht befasst sich mit Eigenschaften von Schwerentflammbarkeit, mit Gesundheitsschutz und mit Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt, sie betrifft nicht allgemeine physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften, die detailliert in EN ISO 12922 aufgeführt sind.
Fluides difficilement inflammables - Classification et spécification - Principes directeurs de sélection de fluides et de considération des risques de sécurité et d'environnement
Le présent rapport technique donne des lignes directrices pour satisfaire aux exigences essentielles d'hygiène et
de sécurité (EEHS), soit par le choix de fluides difficilement inflammables, soit par d'autres moyens. Ces moyens
comprennent le choix éventuel de fluides de moindre résistance à l'inflammation ou d'huiles minérales, ainsi que
l'adoption conjointe de mesures de sécurité supplémentaires, lorsque cela s'avère plus satisfaisant lors de la
marche des équipements.
Le présent rapport technique s'intéresse à la résistance à l'inflammation, aux risques pour la santé et à l'impact sur
l'environnement des fluides hydrauliques. Il ne traite pas de leurs propriétés physiques et chimiques générales qui
sont précisées dans l'EN ISO 12922.
Hidravlične tekočine, odporne proti ognju – Razvrstitev in specifikacija – Smernice za izbiro varovanja varnosti, zdravja in okolja
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2006
+LGUDYOLþQHWHNRþLQHRGSRUQHSURWLRJQMX±5D]YUVWLWHYLQVSHFLILNDFLMD±6PHUQLFH
]DL]ELURYDURYDQMDYDUQRVWL]GUDYMDLQRNROMD
Fire-resistant hydraulic fluids - Classification and specification - Guidelines on selection
for the protection of safety, health and the environment
Schwer entflammbare Druckflüssigkeiten - Klassifikation und Spezifikation -
Auswahlleitlinien zur Wahrung der Sicherheit, der Gesundheit und des Umweltschutzes
Fluides difficilement inflammables - Classification et spécification - Principes directeurs
de sélection de fluides et de considération des risques de sécurité et d'environnement
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 14489:2005
ICS:
75.120 +LGUDYOLþQLIOXLGL Hydraulic fluids
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 14489
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
October 2005
ICS 75.120
English Version
Fire-resistant hydraulic fluids - Classification and specification -
Guidelines on selection for the protection of safety, health and
the environment
Fluides difficilement inflammables - Classification et Schwerentflammbare Druckflüssigkeiten - Klassifikation
spécification - Principes directeurs de sélection de fluides und Spezifikation - Auswahlrichtlinien ur Gewährleistung
et de considération des risques de sécurité et von Sicherheit, Gesundheit und Umweltschutz
d'environnement
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 24 September 2005. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 19.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 14489:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction.4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions.5
4 General requirements .6
5 Classification of fire-resistant fluids .7
6 Compliance with essential health and safety requirements (EHSR).8
7 Hazard identification.10
8 Risk estimation .13
9 Hazard control measures .14
10 Continuity of properties .16
Annex A (informative) Examples for local regulations applying to the approval and use of
hydraulic fluids .17
Annex B (informative) Fire-resistance tests and guidance on performance.18
Annex C (informative) Examples of fire risk assessment procedures for hydraulic fluids .22
Annex D (informative) Tests suitable for monitoring the condition of hydraulic fluids in service.35
Bibliography.37
Foreword
This CEN Technical Report (CEN/TR 14489:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19
“Petroleum products, lubricants and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This document has been prepared under mandate M/238 given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association along with other standards on fire-resistant hydraulic fluids to be
complementary to the regulatory measures contained in various EU Directives.
The mandated work of CEN/TC 19 is to develop European Standards for specifications and testing conditions
applicable to fire-resistant hydraulic fluids.
Introduction
The function of this Technical Report is to provide suppliers and users of equipment guidance on how
compliance with the essential health and safety requirements (EHSR's) incorporated in both Product (Article
95) and User (Article 137/138) Directives issued by the European Union may be achieved in respect of the
use of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids. It builds upon the guidance provided in EN 1050 on the principles of risk
assessment. EN 1050 in turn supports Directive 92/104/EEC [1].
The document was considered necessary because the specialised nature of fire-resistant fluids and the tests
used to quantify their properties may not in general be familiar to prospective machinery manufacturers and
users. Because several Directives deal with the prevention of fire it is necessary to consider other aspects in
addition to the tests used to quantify fire properties.
The use of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids is a fire protection measure. A fire occurs if combustible materials or
explosive gases, oxygen and an ignition source are all present at the same time. If there is a danger of an
ignition source being present when hydraulic installations are in use, one method of improving safety may be
to replace more combustible mineral oil by a fire-resistant hydraulic fluid. Fire-resistant fluids provide fire
protection. Their use, however, shall not jeopardise other safety measures as, in addition to requirements for
fire resistance, there are additionally requirements for assessing effects on the health of workers and,
increasingly, on potential effects on the environment. Guidance on the information needed is contained in this
Technical Report.
IMPORTANT — This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with
the use of hydraulic systems. It is concerned with the use of fire-resistant fluids as a means of
reducing the risk of fire. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate
safety and health practices to reduce other safety risks and to determine the applicability of regulatory
regimes.
1 Scope
This Technical Report gives guidance on the achievement of compliance with Essential Health and Safety
Requirements (EHSR) by the selection of fire-resistant fluids or by other means. It includes consideration of
the selection of fluids with lower levels of fire resistance and of mineral oil, with appropriate additional safety
measures, where this option may be considered to be most satisfactory during operation.
This Technical Report is concerned with assessing the fire resistance, health properties and effects on the
environment, but does not cover requirements for their general physical and chemical properties, which are
detailed in EN ISO 12922.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery - Principles for risk assessment.
EN ISO 2592, Determination of flash and fire points – Cleveland open cup method (ISO 2592:2000).
EN ISO 6743-4, Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) – Classification – Part 4: Family H
(Hydraulic systems) (ISO 6743-4:1999).
EN ISO 12922, Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) - Family H (Hydraulic systems) -
Specifications for categories HFAE, HFAS, HFB, HFC, HFDR and HFDU (ISO 12922:1999, including
Technical Corrigendum 1:2001)).
EN ISO 14935, Petroleum and related products – Determination of wick flame persistence of fire-resistant
fluids (ISO 14935:1998).
ISO 3448, Industrial liquid lubricants - ISO viscosity classification.
ISO 7745, Hydraulic fluid power – Fire-resistant (FR) fluids – Guidelines for use.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Report, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
safety
freedom from unacceptable risk
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999]
3.2
risk
combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999]
3.3
harm
physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999]
3.4
hazard
potential source of harm
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999]
3.5
hazardous event
event that can cause harm
3.6
safety measure
means that eliminates a hazard or reduces a risk
3.7
risk assessment
overall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999]
3.8
risk analysis
systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the risk
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999]
3.9
risk evaluation
procedure based on the risk analysis to determine whether the tolerable risk has been achieved
[ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999]
3.10
environmental properties
chemical or physical properties of a hydraulic fluid which may interact with the environment
3.11
fire resistance
ability of a fluid to fulfil an expected duty in standard fire resistance tests
3.12
fire-resistant
having the property of fire resistance according to one or more standard test methods
4 General requirements
In circumstances where it is necessary to use hydraulic fluids, an assessment is needed as to whether fire-
resistant fluids may be the best option for reducing the risk of fire starting and spreading. Where fire-resistant
fluids are chosen they shall make an overall contribution towards improving safety. Hence they shall not only
meet requirements for fire resistance but also for the protection of the health of workers and the environment
and, shall not jeopardise other safety measures that may be in use. The primary reason for selecting fire-
resistant fluids is to protect against the risk of fire: protection of the environment may be achieved by methods
other than the properties of the fluids.
In some countries in the European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) governments
operate approval schemes for hydraulic fluids or impose local regulations, which require that particular levels
of performance be met in specific tests to allow fluids to be used in certain industrial situations (see Annex A).
Compliance with these schemes and regulations is considered by the regulatory authorities in those countries
to constitute compliance with the appropriate EU Directives for the application of hydraulic fluids. It should be
noted that such regulations take precedence over CEN standards, and potential suppliers and users of
hydraulic fluids should establish whether approval schemes or local regulations exist.
Annex A contains a list of the countries that operate approval schemes for hydraulic fluids or impose local
regulations.
Fire-resistant hydraulic fluids shall conform to the specifications laid down for the various industries by the
European Authorities and/or the certification authorities of each member state according to the risks arising in
each industry, distinguishing if necessary between installations giving rise to greater or lesser hazards.
Certification shall be carried out with reference to the specifications and standards issued by the European or
national authorities and should be based on the tests contained in Annex B and C of this Technical Report.
5 Classification of fire-resistant fluids
Table 1 lists the main categories of fire-resistant fluids as found in EN ISO 6743-4, their compositions and
applications.
Fire-resistant fluids in accordance with EN ISO 6743-4 are hydraulic fluids which are classified as fire-resistant
in accordance with particular fire test procedures. They achieve their fire resistance either because they
contain water or because their chemical composition confers fire resistance. Only water and fire-resistant
fluids of type HFA with water content above 90 % are considered to be non-combustible. Fire-resistant fluids
do, however, require a substantially greater input of energy to cause ignition than conventional mineral oil
hydraulic fluids and may not sustain combustion after leaving the ignition source.
The level of fire resistance shall be established by the use of a range of standard protocols (for guidance see
Annex B). In the event that a test representing the particular circumstance of use is not included in
EN ISO 12922 then data from other fire-resistance tests having adequate precision may be invoked, subject to
local regulations.
Table 1 — Categories of fire-resis
...
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