EN 61751:1998
(Main)Laser modules used for telecommunication - Reliability assessment
Laser modules used for telecommunication - Reliability assessment
The aim of this standard is: - to establish a standard method of assessing the reliability of laser modules in order to minimize risks and to promote product development and reliability; - to establish means by which the distribution of failures with time can be determined. This should enable the determination of equipment failure rates for specified end of life criteria.
Lasermodule für Telekommunikationsanwendungen - Zuverläsigkeitsbewertung
Modules laser utilisés pour les télécommunications - Evaluation de la fiabilité
Cette Norme a pour but: - d'établir une méthode normalisée permettant d'évaluer la fiabilité des modules laser afin de minimiser les risques et de favoriser le développement et la fiabilité du produit; - d'établir les moyens permettant de déterminer la répartition des défaillances au fil du temps. Il convient que les taux de défaillance du matériel pour des critères de fin de vie spécifiés puissent ainsi être déterminés.
Laser modules used for telecommunication - Reliability assessment (IEC 61751:1998)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-1999
Laser modules used for telecommunication - Reliability assessment (IEC
61751:1998)
Laser modules used for telecommunication - Reliability assessment
Lasermodule für Telekommunikationsanwendungen - Zuverläsigkeitsbewertung
Modules laser utilisés pour les télécommunications - Evaluation de la fiabilité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61751:1998
ICS:
31.260 Optoelektronika, laserska Optoelectronics. Laser
oprema equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
NORME
CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
INTERNATIONAL
Première édition
STANDARD
First edition
1998-02
Modules laser utilisés pour
les télécommunications –
Evaluation de la fiabilité
Laser modules used
for telecommunication –
Reliability assessment
IEC 1998 Droits de reproduction réservés Copyright - all rights reserved
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CODE PRIX
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
PRICE CODE V
International Electrotechnical Commission
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue
61751 © IEC:1998 – 3 –
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
Clause
1 Scope. 9
2 Normative references. 9
3 Terms and definitions. 11
4 Laser reliability and quality assurance procedure . 11
4.1 Demonstration of product quality . 11
4.2 Testing responsibilities. 13
4.3 Quality Improvement Programmes (QIPs). 13
5 Tests. 15
5.1 Structural similarity. 15
5.2 Burn-in and screening (when applicable in the DS) . 15
6 Activities. 23
6.1 Analysis of reliability results . 23
6.2 Technical visits to LMMs . 25
6.3 Design/process changes. 25
6.4 Deliveries. 25
6.5 Supplier documentation. 25
Annex A (normative) Laser diode and laser module failure mechanisms. 27
Annex B (informative) Guide. 41
Figures
A.1 Non-linearities in laser-current characteristics. 33
A.2 “Bathtub” failure rate curve . 35
A.3 Example of cumulative failure plot showing log-normal distribution
of laser failure rate . 35
A.4 Calculated failure rates for components having a log-normal lifetime distribution,
with a median life of 10 h and dispersion in the range 0,5 to 2,0. 37
A.5 Cross-section through a typical laser module showing key components. 37
A.6 Cross-section through a typical buried heterostructure laser (bonded junction side up). 39
61751 © IEC:1998 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
_________
LASER MODULES USED FOR TELECOMMUNICATION –
Reliability assessment
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two
organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61751 has been prepared by subcommittee 47C: Optoelectronic,
display and imaging devices, of IEC technical committee 47: Semiconductor devices.
The field of this standard will henceforth be placed under the responsibility of IEC technical
committee 86: Fibre optics.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
86/115/FDIS 86/116/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
Annex A forms an integral part of this standard.
Annex B is for information only.
61751 © IEC:1998 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
The laser modules covered by this International Standard are purchased by a system supplier
(SS) to be inserted in equipments which in turn are supplied/sold to a system operator (SO), for
example a national PTT or a network operator (see definitions in clause 3).
For the system operator to act as an informed buyer, a knowledge of the potential risks posed
by the use of critical components is required.
Optoelectronic component technology is continuing to develop. Consequently, during product
development phases, many failure mechanisms in laser modules have been identified. These
failure mechanisms, if undetected, could result in very short laser lifetime in system use.
61751 © IEC:1998 – 9 –
LASER MODULES USED FOR TELECOMMUNICATION –
Reliability assessment
1 Scope
This International Standard deals with reliability assessment of laser modules used for
telecommunication.
The aim of this standard is:
– to establish a standard method of assessing the reliability of laser modules in order to
minimize risks and to promote product development and reliability;
– to establish means by which the distribution of failures with time can be determined. This
should enable the determination of equipment failure rates for specified end of life criteria.
In addition, guidance is given on:
– the testing that a system supplier should ensure is in a place prior to procurement of a laser
module from a laser module manufacturer;
– a range of activities expected of a system supplier to verify a laser module manufacturer’s
reliability claims.
Further details concerning the rationale are given in annexes A and B.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions
indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and parties to
agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility
of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of
IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60068-2-1:1990, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests. Tests A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-14:1984, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests. Test N: Change of temperature
IEC 60747-1:1996, Semiconductor devices – Discrete devices and integrated circuits – Part 1:
General
Amendment 3 (1996)
IEC 60747-12-2:1995, Semiconductor devices – Part 12: Optoelectronic devices – Section 2:
Blank detail specification for laser diode modules with pigtail for fibre optic systems and sub-
systems
IEC 60749:1996, Semiconductor devices – Mechanical and climatic test methods
ISO 9000: Quality management and quality assurance standards
MIL-STD-883:1985, Test methods and Procedures for Microelectronics
61751 © IEC:1998 – 11 –
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this International Standard the following definitions apply:
laser module
a packaged assembly containing a laser diode and photodiode
NOTE – The module may also include a cooler and temperature sensor to enable laser temperature to be controlled
and monitored. The optical output is normally via an optical fibre pigtail.
submount
a substrate upon which a laser diode or photodiode may be mounted for assembly into the
laser module
NOTE – Components on submounts are also subject to qualification testing.
laser module manufacturer (LMM)
a manufacturer of laser modules who provides devices meeting the requirements of the
relevant detail specification (DS) and the customer’s reliability requirements
system supplier (SS)
a manufacturer of telecommunications/data transmission equipment containing optoelectronic
semiconductor lasers, i.e. laser module customer
system operator (SO)
a network operator of telecommunications/data transmission equipment containing opto-
electronic semiconductor lasers in the transmission path
NOTE – The system may also be part of other more extensive systems, for example telecommunications, rail, road
vehicles, aerospace or weapons.
capability qualifying components (CQC)
components selected to represent critical stages of the process and limiting or boundary
characteristics of mechanical and electro-optic design
Such components should aid the identification of end product failure mechanisms to enable the
determination of activation energies.
4 Laser reliability and quality assurance procedure
4.1 Demonstration of product quality
This standard (where required by the detail specification (DS)) gives the minimum mandatory
requirements and is part of a total laser reliability and quality assurance procedure adopted by
the laser module manufacture.
It gives guidance on the activities of the system supplier, and the system operator as well as
feedback of field performance, the laser module manufacturer and the system supplier.
61751 © IEC:1998 – 13 –
The laser module manufacturer shall be able to demonstrate, by means of qualification
approval of devices, technology approval or capability approval of the manufacturing process:
a) a documented and audited manufacturing process including the qualification of purchased
components in accordance with ISO 9000;
b) a performance qualification programme, including for example, accelerated life testing,
burn-in and screening of components and modules;
c) a qualification maintenance programme to ensure continuity of reliability performance;
d) a procedure to feedback reliability issues to development and production.
In addition, there are many elements which make up a comprehensive reliability assurance
programme (see annex B).
4.2 Testing responsibilities
The testing detailed in tables 1a and 1b is to be performed by the laser module manufacturer
and component suppliers (where applicable). Additional testing may be specified in the DS.
4.2.1 Recommendation (applicable to laser customer/system supplier)
The system supplier is recommended to have a programme to analyse and verify the results
including failure analysis. This programme includes an independent life test of fully packaged
laser modules, see table 1b test 2 and/or test 3 and/or test 5 (sample size >10 per test).
4.2.2 Recommendation ap
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