CLC/SR 86 - Fibre optics

IEC 61744:2023 provides standard procedures for the calibration of optical fibre chromatic dispersion (CD) test sets. This document is applicable to all types of CD test sets, with the exception that measurements on multimode optical fibres are excluded. The purpose of this document is to define a standard procedure for calibrating optical fibre chromatic dispersion (CD) test sets. The detailed calibration steps used vary according to the measurement technique used in the CD test set. Whilst it is acknowledged that chromatic dispersion also occurs in multimode fibre and this fibre can be measured on many CD test sets, this document will restrict discussion to single mode fibre measurements applications only. The purpose of the procedures outlined in this document is to focus manufacturers and users of CD test sets toward the reduction of measurement uncertainty in chromatic dispersion determination in optical fibres under all applicable conditions. The procedures apply to calibration laboratories and to the manufacturers or users of CD test sets for the purpose of a) calibrating CD test sets, and b) evaluating the level of performance of the instrument. Use of the procedures also allows correct evaluation of CD test set uncertainty, relative and traceable to appropriate (for example, national) standards. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2005. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) updated terms and definitions; b) the use of a reference fibre standard for calibration is now allowed and at the same level as the other calibration method; c) Annex B was split into a new Annex B (on calibration uncertainty, still normative) and a new Annex C (on uncertainty at operating conditions, informative); d) removed former C.3.4 on interferometric method since this method is no longer supported in IEC 60793-1-42; e) removed Annex D and other references in text to calibration compensation to align with other calibration documents; f) removed Annex E and other references in text to use of air wavelength since it is not used in the fibre domain.

This part of IEC 62496-2 defines a test method for folding flexibility inspection of flexible opto-electric circuits with a MIT folding endurance tester and presents a guideline for a step stress test method for finding the predetermined minimum mechanical folding radii below which the flexible opto-electric circuits can be damaged by intended folding distortion. Here, test samples are used instead of products for the flexibility test of their flexible opto-electric circuits, and the test samples have the same layer structure as the products.

IEC 62129-3:2019 describes the calibration of optical frequency meters using an optical frequency comb as an internal reference. It is applicable to instruments measuring the optical frequency emitted from sources that are typical for the fibre-optic communications industry. It is assumed that the optical radiation will be coupled to the optical frequency meter by a single-mode optical fibre. This document is part of the IEC 62129 series on the calibration of wavelength/optical frequency measurement instruments. Refer to IEC 62129­1 [3] for the calibration of optical spectrum analyzers, and refer to IEC 62129-2 [4] for calibration of Michelson interferometer single wavelength meters. This first edition cancels and replaces IEC TS 62129-3, published in 2014. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) text has been added to 5.2.3 about calibration at a second optical frequency; b) Annex D is now normative; c) Subclause 4.2 has been improved; d) measurement method of frequency has been moved to Annex B; e) example of optical frequency comb has been moved to Annex C; f) frequency-dependence uncertainty has been moved to Annex D. Keywords: calibration of optical frequency meters

IEC 61315:2019 is available as IEC 61315:2019 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 61315:2019 is applicable to instruments measuring radiant power emitted from sources that are typical for the fibre-optic communications industry. These sources include laser diodes, light emitting diodes (LEDs) and fibre-type sources. Both divergent and collimated radiations are covered. This document defines the calibration of power meters to be performed by calibration laboratories or by power meter manufacturers. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2005. It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) update of terms and definitions; b) update of 5.1, including Table 1 (new type of source); c) update of Annex A; d) addition of Annex B on dB conversion. Keywords: Fibre-optic power meters

This part of IEC 62496-4 defines the standard interface dimensions for a terminated waveguide optical circuit board (OCB) assembly (referred to simply as assembly) using single-row twelvechannel polymer waveguides for a PMT connector and a waveguide OCB that can be interconnected with a terminated MT ferrule.

IEC 61290-4-4:2018 applies to optical amplifiers (OAs) and optically amplified elementary sub-systems. More specifically, it applies to OAs using active fibres (optical fibre amplifiers, OFAs) containing rare-earth dopants, such as erbium doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs), presently commercially available, as indicated in IEC 61291-1. This document provides the general background for optical amplifier gain transients and their measurements and indicates those IEC standard test methods for accurate and reliable measurements of the following transient parameters: a) optical input power increase/decrease transient gain overshoot and transient net gain overshoot; b) optical input power increase/decrease transient gain undershoot and transient net gain undershoot; c) optical input power increase/decrease gain offset; d) optical input power increase/decrease transient gain response constant (settling time). These parameters have been included to provide a complete description of the transient behaviour of gain controlled OA. The parameters defined here are applicable if the amplifier is an OFA or an alternative type of OA. Keywords: optical amplifiers (OAs) gain transients

IEC 61745:2017 describes the calibration of test sets that perform end-face image analysis, also known as "near-field" or "grey-scale" analysis. The principles, however, can be applied to test sets of a different type. The procedures outlined are performed by calibration laboratories and by the manufacturers or users of geometry test sets, for the purpose of calibrating geometry test sets and for evaluating the uncertainties in measurements made on calibrated test sets. The calibration of fibre coating or cable measurement test sets is not covered by this document. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 1998, and constitutes a technical revision.This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) removal of the limitation of single mode optical fibre geometry test sets to include multimode; b) addition of a new annex as mathematical basis. Keywords: end-face image analysis, optical fibre geometry test sets

IEC 62496-4-214: 2020 defines the standard interface dimensions for a terminated waveguide optical circuit board (OCB) assembly (referred to simply as "assembly") using single-row thirty-two-channel connectors for polymer waveguides connected with a symmetric PMT connector.

IEC 62496-2:2017(E) specifies a method of defining the conditions for measurements of optical characteristics of optical circuit boards. The method comprises the use of code reference look-up tables to identify different critical aspects of the measurement environment. The values extracted from the tables are used to construct a measurement identification code, which, in itself, captures sufficient information about the measurement conditions, so as to ensure consistency of independently measured results within an acceptable margin. Recommended measurement conditions are specified to minimise further variation in independently measured results. Keywords: bandwidth density, optical characteristics of optical circuit boards

IEC 62129-1:2016 specifies procedures for calibrating an optical spectrum analyzer that is developed for use in fibre-optic communications and designed to measure the power distribution of an optical spectrum. It does not apply to an optical wavelength meter that measures only centre wavelengths, a Fabry-Perot interferometer or a monochromator that has no display unit. This first edition of IEC 62129-1 cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 62129, published in 2006. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - update of term and definitions; - update of calibration conditions; - calculation change of uncertainties related to wavelength temperature dependence, power linearity, power level temperature dependence; - move of Annex E to the bibliography. Keywords: calibrating an optical spectrum analyser

IEC 62522:2014 provides a stable and reproducible procedure to calibrate the wavelength and power output of a tuneable laser against reference instrumentation such as optical power meters and optical wavelength meters (including optical frequency meters) that have been previously traceably calibrated. Keywords: calibrate the wavelength and power output of a tuneable laser

IEC 62496-2-4:2013 specifies the test method to decide whether to pass or fail an optical circuit board using direct illumination by a light. The input ports are directly illuminated and the optical intensity from the output ports of the optical circuit board is monitored using an area image sensor. Excess optical losses are the calculated from total detected intensities of light from a sample to be measured and from a control sample. This method is used to illuminate uniformly the input port of the optical circuit board (OCB) with a larger area than the core area, obtain the radiance of an area image from the corresponding output port of the OCB using an area image sensor, and evaluate whether to pass or fail using the radiance obtained compared to that of a control sample. The advantage of this test method is that the alignment procedure between a launch fibre and the OCB is not necessary. Key words: test method to decide whether to pass or fail an optical circuit board, OCB, area image sensor

This part of IEC 61746 provides procedures for calibrating multimode optical time domain reflectometers (OTDR). It covers OTDR measurement errors and uncertainties. The test of the laser(s) source modal condition is included as an optional measurement. This standard does not cover correction of the OTDR response.

This part of IEC 61746 provides procedures for calibrating single-mode optical time domain reflectometers (OTDR). It only covers OTDR measurement errors and uncertainties. This standard does not cover correction of the OTDR response.

IEC 62496-2-1:2011 describes the various methods to measure the optical attenuation and isolation of optical circuit boards (OCBs).

IEC 62129-2:2011 is applicable to instruments measuring the vacuum wavelength or optical frequency emitted from sources that are typical for the fibre-optic communications industry. These sources include Distributed Feedback (DFB) laser diodes, External Cavity lasers and single longitudinal mode fibre-type sources. This standard is part of the IEC 62129 series on the calibration of wavelength/optical frequency measurement instruments. Refer to IEC 62129 for the calibration of optical spectrum analyzers.

IEC 62496-2-2:2011 specifies the measurement procedures for dimensions related to interface information of optical circuit boards (OCB), defined in IEC 62496-4.

IEC 62496-4:2011 covers general information on the subject of Optical Circuit Board (OCB) interfaces. It includes normative references, definitions and rules for creating and interpreting the standard drawings.

IEC 62496-3:2011 covers general information on optical circuit board performance standards. It defines those tests and severities which form the performance categories or general operating service environments and identifies those tests which are considered to be product-specific.

IEC 61746-2:2010(E) provides procedures for calibrating multimode optical time domain reflectometers (OTDR). It covers OTDR measurement errors and uncertainties. The test of the laser(s) source modal condition is included as an optional measurement. This standard does not cover correction of the OTDR response.

IEC 62496-3-1:2009(E) defines the performance of flexible optical circuit boards (FOCBs) using unconnectorized optical glass fibres for controlled environment. This standard clarifies the requirements for quality classification of the flexible OCBs incorporating optical glass fibres.

IEC 62496-1:2008 applies to optical circuit boards possessing all of the following general features:
- transmit patterns with straight, cross, bending optical paths and input and output optical ports in plane;
- optical paths consisting of optical fibres and/or optical waveguides;
- controlled lengths of the optical paths, if required;
- may be combined with a printed electric circuit board, the functionality of which is outside the scope of this standard;
- to interconnect between optical components and the ability to mount components.

IEC 61746-1:2009(E) provides procedures for calibrating single-mode optical time domain reflectometers (OTDR). It only covers OTDR measurement errors and uncertainties. This standard does not cover correction of the OTDR response. This first edition of IEC 61746-1 cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 61746, published in 2005. It constitutes a technical revision. The main technical changes are the adaptation of Clause 4, the suppression of Clause 10, the improvement and the addition of some definitions, the change of some calculations and the change of graphical symbology to IEC/TR 61930.

This International Standard provides standard procedures for the calibration of optical fibre chromatic dispersion (CD) test sets. It also provides procedures to perform calibration checking on CD test sets whereby an extension to the test set calibration period may be obtained.

IEC 62614:2010 describes the launch condition requirements used for measuring multimode attenuation in passive components and in installed cable plants. In this standard, the fibre types that are addressed include category A1a (50 m/125 m) and A1b (62,5 m/125 m) multimode fibres, as specified in IEC 60793-2-10. The nominal test wavelengths detailed are 850 nm and 1 300 nm. This standard may be suitable for multimode attenuation measurements for other multimode categories and/or other wavelengths, but the source condition for other categories and wavelengths are not defined here.

This International Standard provides procedures for calibrating an optical spectrum analyzer designed to measure the power distribution of an optical spectrum. This analyzer is equipped with an input port for use with a fibre-optic connector. An optical spectrum analyzer is equipped with the following minimum features: a) the ability to present a display of an optical spectrum with respect to absolute wavelength; b) a marker/cursor that displays the optical power and wavelength at a point on the spectrum display.

This international standard is applicable to instruments measuring radiant power emitted from sources which are typical for the fibre-optic communications industry. The standard describes the calibration of power meters to be performed by calibration laboratories or by power meter manufacturers.

Provides procedures for calibrating single-mode optical time domain reflectometers (OTDR). It only covers OTDR measurement errors and uncertainties. This standard does not cover correction of the OTDR response.

Provides procedures for calibrating single-mode optical time domain reflectometers (ODTRs). It only covers ODTR measurement errors and uncertainties. The ODTR must be equipped with a minimum feature set: programmable index of refraction, display of a trace representation, two cursors, absolute distance measurement, displayed power level relative to a reference level. It does not cover correction of the ODTR response.

Defines standard procedures for calibrating optical fibre chromatic dispersion test sets. The procedures apply to calibration laboratories, and to manufacturers and users of CD test sets, for: (a) calibrating CD test sets, (b) setting specifications of CD test sets, (c) extending the calibration period of an already calibrated CD test set. It applies to all CD test sets, except for multimode fibres.

Gives the essential ratings and characteristics of the following categories of semiconductor optoelectronic devices to be used in the field of fibre optic systems and subsystems: semiconductor photoemitters, semiconductor photoelectric detectors, and monolithic or hybrid integrated optoelectronic devices and their modules.

The aim of this standard is: - to establish a standard method of assessing the reliability of laser modules in order to minimize risks and to promote product development and reliability; - to establish means by which the distribution of failures with time can be determined. This should enable the determination of equipment failure rates for specified end of life criteria.

Describes the measuring methods applicable to the semiconductor devices to be used in the field of fibre optic systems and subsystems.