IEC 61000-4-3:2020

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-3 : Testing and measurement techniques - Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test

IEC 61000-4-3:2020 is applicable to the immunity requirements of electrical and electronic equipment to radiated electromagnetic energy. It establishes test levels and the required test procedures. The object of this document is to establish a common reference for evaluating the immunity of electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to radiated, radio-frequency electromagnetic fields. The test method documented in this part of IEC 61000 describes a consistent method to assess the immunity of an equipment or system against RF electromagnetic fields from RF sources not in close proximity to the EUT. The test environment is specified in Clause 6. NOTE 1 As described in IEC Guide 107, this is a basic EMC publication for use by product committees of the IEC. As also stated in Guide 107, the IEC product committees are responsible for determining whether this immunity test standard should be applied or not, and if applied, they are responsible for determining the appropriate test levels and performance criteria. TC 77 and its sub-committees are prepared to co-operate with product committees in the evaluation of the value of particular immunity tests for their products. NOTE 2 Immunity testing against RF sources in close proximity to the EUT is defined in IEC 61000-4-39. Particular considerations are devoted to the protection against radio-frequency emissions from digital radiotelephones and other RF emitting devices. NOTE 3 Test methods are defined in this part for evaluating the effect that electromagnetic radiation has on the equipment concerned. The simulation and measurement of electromagnetic radiation is not adequately exact for quantitative determination of effects. The test methods defined in this basic document have the primary objective of establishing an adequate reproducibility of testing configuration and repeatability of test results at various test facilities. This document is an independent test method. It is not possible to use other test methods as substitutes for claiming compliance with this document. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2006, Amendment 1:2007 and Amendment 2:2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- testing using multiple test signals has been described;
- additional information on EUT and cable layout has been added;
- the upper frequency limitation has been removed to take account of new services;
- the characterization of the field as well as the checking of power amplifier linearity of the immunity chain are specified.

Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) - Partie 4-3: Techniques d'essai et de mesure - Essai d'immunité aux champs électromagnétiques rayonnés aux fréquences radioélectriques

IEC 61000-4-3:2020 traite des exigences d'immunité des matériels électriques et électroniques à l'énergie électromagnétique rayonnée. Elle définit les niveaux d'essai et les procédures d'essai exigés. Le présent document a pour objet d'établir une référence commune d'évaluation des performances en matière d’immunité des matériels électriques et électroniques soumis à des champs électromagnétiques aux fréquences radioélectriques. La méthode d'essai documentée dans la présente partie de l’IEC 61000 décrit une méthode cohérente d’évaluation de l'immunité d'un équipement ou d'un système aux champs électromagnétiques à fréquences radioélectriques générés par des sources de rayonnement aux fréquences radioélectriques qui ne se trouvent pas à proximité immédiate de l’EUT. L’environnement d’essai est spécifié à l’Article 6.
NOTE 1 Comme cela est décrit dans le Guide IEC 107, cette publication est une publication fondamentale en CEM destinée à être utilisée par les comités de produits de l’IEC. Comme cela est également indiqué dans le Guide 107, les comités de produits de l’IEC sont responsables de déterminer s’il convient d’appliquer ou non la présente norme d’essai d’immunité et, si c’est le cas, ils sont responsables de déterminer les niveaux d’essai et les critères de performance appropriés. Le comité d’études 77 et ses sous-comités sont prêts à coopérer avec les comités de produits à l’évaluation de la valeur des essais d’immunité particuliers pour leurs produits. NOTE 2 Les essais d’immunité aux sources de rayonnement aux fréquences radioélectriques à proximité de l’EUT sont définis dans l’IEC 61000-4-39. Des considérations particulières sont consacrées à la protection contre les émissions aux fréquences radioélectriques des radiotéléphones numériques et d'autres dispositifs d'émission RF. NOTE 3 La présente partie définit des méthodes d'essai pour évaluer l'incidence des rayonnements électromagnétiques sur le matériel concerné. La simulation et le mesurage des rayonnements électromagnétiques ne sont pas suffisamment exacts pour déterminer quantitativement les effets. Les méthodes d'essai définies dans le présent document fondamental ont été principalement mises au point pour obtenir une bonne reproductibilité de la configuration des essais et une bonne répétabilité des résultats d’essai sur différentes installations d'essai.
Le présent document présente une méthode d'essai indépendante. Il n'est pas possible d'utiliser d'autres méthodes d'essai comme variantes pour se conformer au présent document. Cette quatrième édition annule et remplace la troisième édition parue en 2006, l'Amendement 1:2007 et l'Amendement 2:2010. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente.
description des essais qui utilisent des signaux d’essai multiples;
ajout d’informations supplémentaires sur l’EUT et la disposition des câbles;
la limitation en matière de fréquences supérieures a été supprimée pour tenir compte des nouveaux services;
la caractérisation du champ ainsi que la vérification de la linéarité de l’amplificateur de puissance de la chaîne d'immunité sont spécifiées.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 07-Sep-2020
• ICS: 33.100.20 - Immunity
• Technical Committee: SC 77B - High frequency phenomena
• Drafting Committee: WG 10 - TC 77/SC 77B/WG 10
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 08-Sep-2020
• Completion Date: 21-Aug-2020

Relations

• Revises: IEC 61000-4-3:2006 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-3 : Testing and measurement techniques - Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: IEC 61000-4-3:2006/ISH1:2008 - Interpretation sheet 1 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques - Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: IEC 61000-4-3:2006/AMD1:2007 - Amendment 1 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques - Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: IEC 61000-4-3:2006/AMD2:2010 - Amendment 2 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques - Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Overview

IEC 61000-4-3:2020 - "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4‑3: Testing and measurement techniques - Radiated, radio‑frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test" - defines a standardized method to assess the immunity of electrical and electronic equipment to radiated RF electromagnetic fields. The 2020 (4th) edition is a technical revision that clarifies test procedures, removes the previous upper frequency limit to reflect new RF services, and adds guidance on multi‑signal testing, EUT/cable layout and field/chain characterization.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope & objective: Establishes common reference test levels and reproducible procedures for evaluating equipment immunity to RF fields from sources not in close proximity to the EUT.
• Test levels and frequency ranges: Provides criteria for selecting test levels and frequency sweep ranges; this edition removed the upper frequency cap to cover emerging services.
• Test environment & equipment: Specifies requirements for test facilities (open‑area and anechoic chambers), Uniform Field Area (UFA) dimensions and characteristics, antennas, amplifiers and instrumentation.
• Field generation and characterization: Defines methods for level setting (constant field or constant power), field uniformity checks, and E‑field probe calibration (see Annex K).
• Amplifier linearity & harmonic control: Requires checking amplifier linearity and limiting harmonics to ensure the applied field is accurate (Annex D).
• Test setups: Detailed layout guidance for table‑top, floor‑standing, human‑body‑mounted and large/heavy EUTs, including cable routing and accessory arrangement (Annexes G, H).
• Test execution & evaluation: Step sizes, laboratory reference conditions, test sequence, evaluation of EUT performance and standardized test reporting.
• New features in 2020: Description of testing with multiple test signals, extended guidance on cable/EUT layout, and explicit procedures for field and immunity chain characterization.
• Support material: Informative annexes covering intermodulation, measurement uncertainty, probe calibration methods and rationale for modulation choices (e.g., 80% AM).

Applications and who uses this standard

• EMC test laboratories performing radiated immunity testing and certification.
• Product designers and manufacturers ensuring device robustness against ambient RF fields (consumer electronics, industrial control, medical devices, telecommunications equipment).
• Regulatory bodies and product committees using the standard as a reference to set product‑specific immunity requirements (IEC Guide 107 cooperation noted).
• System integrators and compliance engineers designing test plans, lab setups, and evaluating field immunity performance.

Related standards

• IEC 61000‑4‑39 - Immunity testing for RF sources in close proximity to the EUT (complements Part 4‑3 for near‑field scenarios).
• IEC Guide 107 - Guidance on basic EMC publications and product committee responsibilities.

Keywords: IEC 61000‑4‑3, radiated immunity, EMC testing, RF immunity test, uniform field area, anechoic chamber, field probe calibration, amplifier linearity.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 61000-4-3 ®
Edition 4.0 2020-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
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Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques – Radiated, radio-frequency
electromagnetic field immunity test

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IEC 61000-4-3 ®
Edition 4.0 2020-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –

Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques – Radiated, radio-frequency

electromagnetic field immunity test

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-8678-4

– 2 – IEC 61000-4-3:2020 © IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 13
4 General . 14
5 Test levels and frequency ranges . 14
5.1 Selection of test level . 14
5.2 Test frequency ranges . 16
6 Test equipment . 17
6.1 Test instrumentation . 17
6.2 Description of the test facility . 17
6.3 Uniform field area (UFA) . 18
6.3.1 Characteristics of the UFA . 18
6.3.2 Constant field strength level setting method. 23
6.3.3 Constant power level setting method . 24
7 Test setup . 25
7.1 General . 25
7.2 Arrangement of table-top equipment . 26
7.3 Arrangement of floor-standing equipment . 28
7.4 Arrangement of wiring . 29
7.5 Arrangement of human body-mounted equipment . 30
8 Test procedure . 30
8.1 General . 30
8.2 Laboratory reference conditions . 30
8.2.1 General . 30
8.2.2 Climatic conditions . 30
8.2.3 Electromagnetic conditions . 30
8.3 Execution of the test . 30
8.4 Step sizes . 32
9 Evaluation of test results . 32
10 Test report . 32
Annex A (informative) Rationale for the choice of modulation for tests related to the
protection against RF emissions from digital radio services . 34
A.1 Summary of available modulation methods . 34
A.2 Experimental results . 35
A.3 Secondary modulation effects . 38
A.4 Conclusion . 38
Annex B (informative) Field generating antennas . 39
B.1 Biconical antenna . 39
B.2 Log-periodic antenna . 39
B.3 Combination antennas . 39
B.4 Horn antenna and double ridge wave guide antenna . 39

Annex C (informative) Use of anechoic chambers . 40
C.1 General anechoic chamber information . 40
C.2 Use of ferrite-lined chambers at frequencies above 1 GHz . 40
C.2.1 Problems caused by the use of ferrite-lined chambers for radiated field
immunity tests at frequencies above 1 GHz . 40
C.2.2 Solutions to reduce reflections . 41
Annex D (informative) Amplifier compression and non-linearity . 42
D.1 Objective of limiting amplifier distortion . 42
D.2 Possible problems caused by harmonics and saturation . 42
D.3 Limiting the harmonic content in the field . 42
D.4 Effect of linearity characteristic on the immunity test . 43
D.4.1 General . 43
D.4.2 Evaluation method of the linearity characteristic . 43
Annex E (informative) Guidance for product committees on the selection of test levels . 47
E.1 General . 47
E.2 Test levels related to general purposes . 47
E.3 Test levels related to the protection against RF emissions from digital radio
telephones . 48
E.4 Special measures for fixed transmitters. 49
Annex F (informative) Selection of test methods . 50
Annex G (informative) Cable layout details . 52
G.1 Intentions of EUT setup for radiated immunity test . 52
G.2 Cable in the field . 52
G.3 Cables leaving the test area . 52
G.4 Turning the EUT cabinets . 52
Annex H (informative)  Examples of test setups for large and heavy EUTs . 54
H.1 EUTs with bottom fed cables . 54
H.2 EUTs with overhead cables . 55
H.3 EUTs with multiple cables and AEs . 56
H.4 Large EUTs with side fed cables and multiple UFA windows . 57
Annex I (informative) Testing with multiple signals . 58
I.1 General . 58
I.2 Intermodulation . 58
I.3 Power requirements . 59
I.4 Level setting requirements . 60
I.5 Linearity and harmonics checks . 60
I.6 EUT performance criteria with multiple signals . 60
Annex J (informative) Measurement uncertainty due to test instrumentation . 61
J.1 General . 61
J.2 Uncertainty budgets for level setting . 61
J.2.1 Definition of the measurand . 61
J.2.2 MU contributors of the measurand . 61
J.2.3 Calculation examples for expanded uncertainty . 62
J.2.4 Explanation of terms . 63
J.3 Application . 64
J.4 Reference documents . 64
Annex K (informative) Calibration method for E-field probes . 65
K.1 Overview. 65

– 4 – IEC 61000-4-3:2020 © IEC 2020
K.2 Probe calibration requirements . 65
K.2.1 General . 65
K.2.2 Calibration frequency range . 65
K.2.3 Frequency steps . 65
K.2.4 Field strength . 66
K.3 Requirements for calibration instrumentation . 66
K.3.1 General . 66
K.3.2 Harmonics and spurious signals . 66
K.3.3 Linearity check for probe . 67
K.3.4 Determination of the gain of the standard horn antennas . 68
K.4 Field probe calibration in anechoic chambers . 69
K.4.1 Calibration environments . 69
K.4.2 Validation of anechoic chambers for field probe calibration . 69
K.4.3 Probe calibration procedure . 75
K.5 Other probe calibration environments and methods . 77
K.5.1 General . 77
K.5.2 Field probe calibration using TEM cells . 77
K.5.3 Field probe calibration using waveguide chambers . 78
K.5.4 Field probe calibration using open-ended waveguides . 79
K.5.5 Calibration of field probes by gain transfer method . 79
K.6 Reference documents . 79
Bibliography . 81

Figure 1 – Definition of the 80 % amplitude modulated (AM) test signal and the
waveshapes occurring . 16
Figure 2 – Example of suitable test facility . 18
Figure 3 – Level setting setup . 19
Figure 4 – Dimensions of sixteen-point uniform field area . 20
Figure 5 – Minimum UFA size having a fifth grid point in the centre . 21
Figure 6 – Measuring setup . 23
Figure 7 – Example of EUT setup and cable layout for table top EUT having a cable
that leaves the test setup . 26
Figure 8 – Example of EUT setup (top view) . 28
Figure C.1 – Multiple reflections in an existing small anechoic chamber . 41
Figure C.2 – Most of the reflected waves are eliminated (applies for top and side view) . 41
Figure D.1 – Amplifier linearity measurement setup . 44
Figure D.2 – Example of linearity curve . 45
Figure D.3 – Example of gain deviation . 45
Figure H.1 – Example of a test setup for EUT with bottom fed underground cables
(CMADs not shown) . 54
Figure H.2 – Example of a test setup for EUTs with overhead cables . 55
Figure H.3 – Example of a setup of EUTs with multiple cables and AEs . 56
Figure H.4 – Large EUTs with side fed cables and multiple UFAs . 57
Figure I.1 – Test frequencies f and f and intermodulation frequencies of the second
1 2
and third order . 58
Figure J.1 – Example of influences upon level setting . 62
Figure K.1 – Example of linearity for probe . 68

Figure K.2 – Setup for measuring net power to a transmitting device . 70
Figure K.3 – Test setup for chamber validation test. 72
Figure K.4 – Detail for measurement position ∆L . 72
Figure K.5 – Example of data adjustment . 73
Figure K.6 – Example of the test layout for antenna and probe . 74
Figure K.7 – Test setup for chamber validation test. 74
Figure K.8 – Example of alternative chamber validation data . 75
Figure K.9 – Field probe calibration layout . 76
Figure K.10 – Field probe calibration layout (top view) . 76
Figure K.11 – Cross-sectional view of a waveguide chamber . 78

Table 1 – Test levels . 15
Table 2 – Amplitude modulation characteristics at output of signal generator . 15
Table 3 – Requirements for uniform field area for application of full illumination and
partial illumination . 22
Table A.1 – Comparison of modulation methods . 35
Table A.2 – Relative interference levels . 36
Table A.3 – Relative immunity levels . 37
Table E.1 – Examples of test levels, associated protection distances and performance
criteria . 48
Table J.1 – Level setting process . 62
Table J.2 – Test process . 63
Table K.1 – Calibration field strength level . 66
Table K.2 – Example for the probe linearity check. 67

– 6 – IEC 61000-4-3:2020 © IEC 2020
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques –
Radiated, radio-frequency electromagnetic field immunity test

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61000-4-3 has been prepared by subcommittee 77B: High frequency
phenomena, of IEC technical committee 77: Electromagnetic compatibility.
It forms part 4-3 of IEC 61000. It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with
IEC Guide 107.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2006, Amendment 1:2007
and Amendment 2:2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) testing using multiple test signals has been described;
b) additional information on EUT and cable layout has been added;
c) the upper frequency limitation has been removed to take account of new services;
d) the characterization of the field as well as the checking of power amplifier linearity of the
immunity chain are specified.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
77B/830/FDIS 77B/825/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61000 series, published under the general title Electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC), can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

– 8 – IEC 61000-4-3:2020 © IEC 2020
INTRODUCTION
IEC 61000 is published in separate parts according to the following structure:
Part 1: General
General considerations (introduction, fundamental principles)
Definitions, terminology
Part 2: Environment
Description of the environment
Classification of the environment
Compatibility levels
Part 3: Limits
Emission limits
Immunity limits (in so far as they do not fall under the responsibility of the product
committees)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Measurement techniques
Testing techniques
Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines
Installation guidelines
Mitigation methods and devices
Part 6: Generic standards
Part 9: Miscellaneous
Each part is further subdivided into several parts, published either as international standards
or as technical specifications or technical reports, some of which have already been published
as sections. Others will be published with the part number followed by a dash and a second
number identifying the subdivision (example: IEC 61000-6-1).
This part is an international standard which gives immunity requirements and test procedures
related to radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic fields.

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques –
Radiated, radio-frequency electromagnetic field immunity test

1 Scope
This part of IEC 61000 is applicable to the immunity requirements of electrical and electronic
equipment to radiated electromagnetic energy. It establishes test levels and the required test
procedures.
The object of this document is to establish a common reference for evaluating the immunity of
electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to radiated, radio-frequency
electromagnetic fields. The test method documented in this part of IEC 61000 describes a
consistent method to assess the immunity of an equipment or system against RF
electromagnetic fields from RF sources not in close proximity to the EUT. The test environment
is specified in Clause 6.
NOTE 1 As described in IEC Guide 107, this is a basic EMC publication for use by product committees of the IEC.
As also stated in Guide 107, the IEC product committees are responsible for determining whether this immunity test
standard should be applied or not, and if applied, they are responsible for determining the appropriate test levels
and performance criteria. TC 77 and its sub-committees are prepared to co-operate with product committees in the
evaluation of the value of particular immunity tests for their products.
NOTE 2 Immunity testing against RF sources in close proximity to the EUT is defined in IEC 61000-4-39.
Particular considerations are devoted to the protection against radio-frequency emissions from
digital radiotelephones and other RF emitting devices.
NOTE 3 Test methods are defined in this part for evaluating the effect that electromagnetic radiation has on the
equipment concerned. The simulation and measurement of electromagnetic radiation is not adequately exact for
quantitative determination of effects. The test methods defined in this basic document have the primary objective of
establishing an adequate reproducibility of testing configuration and repeatability of test results at various test
facilities.
This document is an independent test method. It is not possible to use other test methods as
substitutes for claiming compliance with this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-161, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 161: Electromagnetic
compatibility (available at www.electropedia.org)
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-161 and the
following apply.
– 10 – IEC 61000-4-3:2020 © IEC 2020
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
amplitude modulation
AM
modulation in which the amplitude of a periodic carrier is a given function, generally linear, of
the instantaneous values of the modulating signal
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-702:2016, 702-06-17]
3.1.2
anechoic chamber
shielded enclosure which is lined with radio-frequency absorbers to reduce reflections from the
internal surfaces
3.1.3
fully anechoic chamber
shielded enclosure whose internal surfaces are totally lined with anechoic material
3.1.4
semi-anechoic chamber
shielded enclosure in which all surfaces except the metal floor are covered with material that
absorbs electromagnetic energy (i.e. RF absorber) in the frequency range of interest
3.1.5
modified semi-anechoic chamber
semi-anechoic chamber which has additional absorbers installed on the ground plane
3.1.6
antenna
that part of a radio transmitting or receiving system which is designed to provide the required
coupling between a transmitter or a receiver and the medium in which the radio wave
propagates
Note 1 to entry: In practice, the terminals of the antenna or the points to be considered as the interface between
the antenna and the transmitter or receiver should be specified.
Note 2 to entry: If a transmitter or receiver is connected to its antenna by a feed line, the antenna may be considered
to be a transducer between the guided waves of the feed line and the radiated waves in space.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-712:1992, 712-01-01]
3.1.7
balun
device for transforming an unbalanced voltage to a balanced voltage or vice versa
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990 161-04-34]
3.1.8
common mode absorption device
CMAD
device that may be applied on cables leaving the test area in radiated immunity tests to damp
resonances on cables
3.1.9
continuous wave
CW
sinusoidal electromagnetic wave, the successive oscillations of which are identical under
steady-state conditions, which can be interrupted or modulated to convey information
3.1.10
electromagnetic wave
wave characterized by the propagation of a time-varying electromagnetic field
Note 1 to entry: An electromagnetic wave is produced by variations of electric charges or of electric currents
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-705:1995, 705-01-09]
3.1.11
far field
that region of the electromagnetic field of an antenna wherein the predominant components of
the field are those which represent a propagation of energy and wherein the angular field
distribution is essentially independent of the distance from the antenna
Note 1 to entry: In the far field region, all the components of the electromagnetic field decrease in inverse proportion
to the distance from the antenna.
Note 2 to entry: For a broadside antenna having a maximum overall dimension D which is large compared to the
wavelength λ, the far field region is commonly taken to exist at distances greater than 2D /λ, from the antenna in the
direction of maximum radiation.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-712:1992, 712-02-02, modified – the word "region" has been removed
from the term]
3.1.12
field strength
magnitude of the electromagnetic field at a given point
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-705:1995, 705-08-31, modified – the rest of the definition after "given
point" has been deleted.]
3.1.13
frequency band
continuous set of frequencies lying between two specified limiting frequencies
Note 1 to entry: A frequency band is characterized by two values which define its position in the frequency spectrum,
for instance its lower and upper limiting frequencies.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-702:1992, 702-01-02]
3.1.14
full illumination method
test method in which the EUT being tested fits completely within the uniform field area (UFA)
Note 1 to entry: This test method may be applied for all test frequencies.
3.1.15
human body-mounted equipment
equipment which is intended for use when attached to or held in close proximity to the human
body.
Note 1 to entry: This term includes hand-held devices which are carried by people while in operation (e.g. pocket
devices) as well as electronic aid devices and implants.

– 12 – IEC 61000-4-3:2020 © IEC 2020
3.1.16
intentional RF emitting device
device which radiates (transmits) an electromagnetic field intentionally
EXAMPLE: Digital mobile telephones and other radio devices.
3.1.17
intermodulation
interaction in non-linear device or transmission medium between the spectral components of
the input signal or signals producing new spectral components having frequencies equal to
linear combination with integral coefficients of the frequencies of the input spectral components
Note 1 to entry: Intermodulation can result from a single non-sinusoidal input signal or from several sinusoidal or
non-sinusoidal input signals applied to the same or to different inputs
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:2017, 161-06-20]
3.1.18
isotropic field probe
field sensor, whose detection properties are independent of direction of propagation and
polarization of an electromagnetic wave
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-731:1991, 731-03-08, modified – wording modified to apply to field
probe.]
3.1.19
maximum RMS value
highest short-term RMS value of a modulated RF signal during an observation time of one
modulation period
Note 1 to entry: The short-term RMS is evaluated over a single carrier cycle. For example, in Figure 1 b), the
maximum RMS voltage is: U = U /(2 × √2) = 1,8 V
maximum rms p-p
3.1.20
modulation factor
in linear amplitude modulation, the ratio, generally expressed as a percentage, of the difference
between the maximum and minimum amplitudes of the modulated signal to the sum of these
amplitudes, expressed as:
UU−
p-p,max p-p,min
m 100×
UU+
p-p,max p-p,min
SEE Table 2 and Figure 1.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-702:1992, 702-06-19, modified – the formula has been added and the
note removed.]
3.1.21
non-constant envelope modulation
RF modulation scheme in which the amplitude of the carrier wave varies slowly in time
compared with the period of the carrier itself
EXAMPLE Conventional amplitude modulation and time division multiple access (TDMA).
3.1.22
partial illumination method
test method used when the EUT face cannot be illuminated at once using a single UFA
=
3.1.23
polarization
orientation of the electric field vector of a radiated field
3.1.24
reference ground plane
RGP
flat conductive surface that is at the same electric potential as the reference ground, which is
used as a common reference, and which contributes to a reproducible parasitic capacitance
with the surroundings of the equipment under test (EUT)
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:2014, 161-04-36, modified – notes have been deleted.]
3.1.25
shielded enclosure
screened room
mesh or sheet metallic housing designed expressly for the purpose of separating
electromagnetically the internal and the external environment
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-04-37]
3.1.26
time division multiple access
TDMA
multiple access technique in which the various terminals having access to a link are allotted
separate recurrent time intervals for transmission
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-725:1994, 725-14-12]
3.1.27
transceiver
transmitter-receiver
combination in a single unit of a radio transmitter and a radio receiver employing common circuit
components and usually the same antenna for both transmitting and receiving
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-713:1998, 713-08-02, modified – the note has been deleted.]
3.1.28
uniform field area
UFA
vertical plane in which field strength variations are acceptably small
SEE: 6.3.
3.2 Abbreviated terms
AE Auxillary equipment
AM Amplitude modulation
CMAD Common-mode absorption device
CW Continuous wave
DECT Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications
EM Electromagnetic
ERP Effective radiated power
EUT Equipment under test
GSM Groupe Special Mobile, later renamed to: Global System for Mobile
Communications
– 14 – IEC 61000-4-3:2020 © IEC 2020
IMD Intermodulation distortion
ISM Industrial, scientific, medical
LTE Long-term evolution (name for family of wireless radio transmissions)
MU Measurement uncertainty
OFDM Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
PA Power amplifier
PM Power meter
PVC Polyvinylchloride
RF Radio frequency
RBW Resolution bandwidth
RGP Reference ground plane
RMS Root mean square
SDH Synchronous digital hierarchy
TDMA Time division multiple access
TV Television
UFA Uniform field area
UMTS Universal mobile telecommunications system
VRC voltage reflection coefficient
VSWR Voltage standing wave ratio
Wi-Fi Name of wireless transmission service
WiMAX Name of wireless transmission service
4 General
Electronic equipment can, in some manner, be affected by electromagnetic radiation. This
radiation is frequently generated by various sources, such as small hand-held radio transceivers,
fixed-station radio and television transmitters, vehicle radio transmitters and industrial
electromagnetic sources. Many of these services use modulation techniques with a non-
constant envelope.
In addition to electromagnetic energy deliberately generated, there is also radiation caused by
the operation of devices such as welders, thyristors, fluorescent lights, switches operating
inductive loads, etc. Conducted electrical interference is dealt with in other parts of the
IEC 61000-4 series. Methods employed to prevent effects from electromagnetic fields will
normally also reduce the effects from these sources.
In this document, the electromagnetic environment is characterized by the strength of the
electromagnetic field. The field strength is not easily measured without sophisticated
instrumentation nor is it easily calculated by classical equations and formulas because of the
effect of surrounding structures or the proximity of other equipment that will distort and/or reflect
the electromagnetic waves.
5 Test levels and frequency ranges
5.1 Selection of test level
The test levels are given in Table 1.

Table 1 – Test levels
Level Test field strength
V/m
1 1
2 3
3 10
4 30
x Special
x can be any level, above, below or in between the others. The level shall be
specified in the product standard.

This document does not suggest that a single test level is applicable over the entire frequency
range. The product committees shall select the frequency range(s) to be tested as well as the
appropriate test level(s). See Annex E giving guidance for product committees on the selection
of test levels.
The test field strength column in Table 1 gives values of the unmodulated carrier signal. For
testing of equipment, this carrier signal is amplitude modulated with a 1 kHz sine wave to
simulate actual threats (see Figure 1 and Table 2). Details of how the test is performed are
given in Clause 8.
Table 2 – Amplitude modulation characteristics at output of signal generator
Amplitude Internal or external,
modulation
m = (80 ± 10) %, as measured on the output of the signal generator.
UU−
p-p,max p-p,min
With modulation factor m: m 100×
UU+
p-p,max p-p,min
1 kHz ± 0,1 kHz sine wave
=
– 16 – IEC 61000-4-3:2020 © IEC 2020

a) Unmodulated RF signal b) Modulated RF signal 80 % AM
U = 1 V 100 + m
rms,a
UU= × =5,09 V
p-p.max p-p,a
UU × 2 2 2,82 V
p-p,a rms,a
100 − m
UU= ×=0,57 V
p-p.min p-p,a
m
m



UU ×+1 1,15 V
rms,b rms,a
Figure 1 – Definition of the 80 % amplitude modulated (AM)
test signal and the waveshapes occurring
Product committees may select alternative modulation schemes for equipment under test (see
An
...

IEC 61000-4-3 ®
Edition 4.0 2020-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques – Radiated, radio-frequency
electromagnetic field immunity test

Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) –
Partie 4-3: Techniques d'essai et de mesure – Essai d'immunité aux champs
électromagnétiques rayonnés aux fréquences radioélectriques

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IEC 61000-4-3 ®
Edition 4.0 2020-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –

Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques – Radiated, radio-frequency

electromagnetic field immunity test

Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) –

Partie 4-3: Techniques d'essai et de mesure – Essai d'immunité aux champs

électromagnétiques rayonnés aux fréquences radioélectriques

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-1041-0

– 2 – IEC 61000-4-3:2020 © IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 13
4 General . 14
5 Test levels and frequency ranges . 14
5.1 Selection of test level . 14
5.2 Test frequency ranges . 16
6 Test equipment . 17
6.1 Test instrumentation . 17
6.2 Description of the test facility . 17
6.3 Uniform field area (UFA) . 18
6.3.1 Characteristics of the UFA . 18
6.3.2 Constant field strength level setting method. 23
6.3.3 Constant power level setting method . 24
7 Test setup . 25
7.1 General . 25
7.2 Arrangement of table-top equipment . 26
7.3 Arrangement of floor-standing equipment . 28
7.4 Arrangement of wiring . 29
7.5 Arrangement of human body-mounted equipment . 30
8 Test procedure . 30
8.1 General . 30
8.2 Laboratory reference conditions . 30
8.2.1 General . 30
8.2.2 Climatic conditions . 30
8.2.3 Electromagnetic conditions . 30
8.3 Execution of the test . 30
8.4 Step sizes . 32
9 Evaluation of test results . 32
10 Test report . 32
Annex A (informative) Rationale for the choice of modulation for tests related to the
protection against RF emissions from digital radio services . 34
A.1 Summary of available modulation methods . 34
A.2 Experimental results . 35
A.3 Secondary modulation effects . 38
A.4 Conclusion . 38
Annex B (informative) Field generating antennas . 39
B.1 Biconical antenna . 39
B.2 Log-periodic antenna . 39
B.3 Combination antennas . 39
B.4 Horn antenna and double ridge wave guide antenna . 39

Annex C (informative) Use of anechoic chambers . 40
C.1 General anechoic chamber information . 40
C.2 Use of ferrite-lined chambers at frequencies above 1 GHz . 40
C.2.1 Problems caused by the use of ferrite-lined chambers for radiated field
immunity tests at frequencies above 1 GHz . 40
C.2.2 Solutions to reduce reflections . 41
Annex D (informative) Amplifier compression and non-linearity . 42
D.1 Objective of limiting amplifier distortion . 42
D.2 Possible problems caused by harmonics and saturation . 42
D.3 Limiting the harmonic content in the field . 42
D.4 Effect of linearity characteristic on the immunity test . 43
D.4.1 General . 43
D.4.2 Evaluation method of the linearity characteristic . 43
Annex E (informative) Guidance for product committees on the selection of test levels . 47
E.1 General . 47
E.2 Test levels related to general purposes . 47
E.3 Test levels related to the protection against RF emissions from digital radio
telephones . 48
E.4 Special measures for fixed transmitters. 49
Annex F (informative) Selection of test methods . 50
Annex G (informative) Cable layout details . 52
G.1 Intentions of EUT setup for radiated immunity test . 52
G.2 Cable in the field . 52
G.3 Cables leaving the test area . 52
G.4 Turning the EUT cabinets . 52
Annex H (informative)  Examples of test setups for large and heavy EUTs . 54
H.1 EUTs with bottom fed cables . 54
H.2 EUTs with overhead cables . 55
H.3 EUTs with multiple cables and AEs . 56
H.4 Large EUTs with side fed cables and multiple UFA windows . 57
Annex I (informative) Testing with multiple signals . 58
I.1 General . 58
I.2 Intermodulation . 58
I.3 Power requirements . 59
I.4 Level setting requirements . 60
I.5 Linearity and harmonics checks . 60
I.6 EUT performance criteria with multiple signals . 60
Annex J (informative) Measurement uncertainty due to test instrumentation . 61
J.1 General . 61
J.2 Uncertainty budgets for level setting . 61
J.2.1 Definition of the measurand . 61
J.2.2 MU contributors of the measurand . 61
J.2.3 Calculation examples for expanded uncertainty . 62
J.2.4 Explanation of terms . 63
J.3 Application . 64
J.4 Reference documents . 64
Annex K (informative) Calibration method for E-field probes . 65
K.1 Overview. 65

– 4 – IEC 61000-4-3:2020 © IEC 2020
K.2 Probe calibration requirements . 65
K.2.1 General . 65
K.2.2 Calibration frequency range . 65
K.2.3 Frequency steps . 65
K.2.4 Field strength . 66
K.3 Requirements for calibration instrumentation . 66
K.3.1 General . 66
K.3.2 Harmonics and spurious signals . 66
K.3.3 Linearity check for probe . 67
K.3.4 Determination of the gain of the standard horn antennas . 68
K.4 Field probe calibration in anechoic chambers . 69
K.4.1 Calibration environments . 69
K.4.2 Validation of anechoic chambers for field probe calibration . 69
K.4.3 Probe calibration procedure . 75
K.5 Other probe calibration environments and methods . 77
K.5.1 General . 77
K.5.2 Field probe calibration using TEM cells . 77
K.5.3 Field probe calibration using waveguide chambers . 78
K.5.4 Field probe calibration using open-ended waveguides . 79
K.5.5 Calibration of field probes by gain transfer method . 79
K.6 Reference documents . 79
Bibliography . 81

Figure 1 – Definition of the 80 % amplitude modulated (AM) test signal and the
waveshapes occurring . 16
Figure 2 – Example of suitable test facility . 18
Figure 3 – Level setting setup . 19
Figure 4 – Dimensions of sixteen-point uniform field area . 20
Figure 5 – Minimum UFA size having a fifth grid point in the centre . 21
Figure 6 – Measuring setup . 23
Figure 7 – Example of EUT setup and cable layout for table top EUT having a cable
that leaves the test setup . 26
Figure 8 – Example of EUT setup (top view) . 28
Figure C.1 – Multiple reflections in an existing small anechoic chamber . 41
Figure C.2 – Most of the reflected waves are eliminated (applies for top and side view) . 41
Figure D.1 – Amplifier linearity measurement setup . 44
Figure D.2 – Example of linearity curve . 45
Figure D.3 – Example of gain deviation . 45
Figure H.1 – Example of a test setup for EUT with bottom fed underground cables
(CMADs not shown) . 54
Figure H.2 – Example of a test setup for EUTs with overhead cables . 55
Figure H.3 – Example of a setup of EUTs with multiple cables and AEs . 56
Figure H.4 – Large EUTs with side fed cables and multiple UFAs . 57
Figure I.1 – Test frequencies f and f and intermodulation frequencies of the second
1 2
and third order . 58
Figure J.1 – Example of influences upon level setting . 62
Figure K.1 – Example of linearity for probe . 68

Figure K.2 – Setup for measuring net power to a transmitting device . 70
Figure K.3 – Test setup for chamber validation test. 72
Figure K.4 – Detail for measurement position ∆L . 72
Figure K.5 – Example of data adjustment . 73
Figure K.6 – Example of the test layout for antenna and probe . 74
Figure K.7 – Test setup for chamber validation test. 74
Figure K.8 – Example of alternative chamber validation data . 75
Figure K.9 – Field probe calibration layout . 76
Figure K.10 – Field probe calibration layout (top view) . 76
Figure K.11 – Cross-sectional view of a waveguide chamber . 78

Table 1 – Test levels . 15
Table 2 – Amplitude modulation characteristics at output of signal generator . 15
Table 3 – Requirements for uniform field area for application of full illumination and
partial illumination . 22
Table A.1 – Comparison of modulation methods . 35
Table A.2 – Relative interference levels . 36
Table A.3 – Relative immunity levels . 37
Table E.1 – Examples of test levels, associated protection distances and performance
criteria . 48
Table J.1 – Level setting process . 62
Table J.2 – Test process . 63
Table K.1 – Calibration field strength level . 66
Table K.2 – Example for the probe linearity check. 67

– 6 – IEC 61000-4-3:2020 © IEC 2020
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques –
Radiated, radio-frequency electromagnetic field immunity test

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61000-4-3 has been prepared by subcommittee 77B: High frequency
phenomena, of IEC technical committee 77: Electromagnetic compatibility.
It forms part 4-3 of IEC 61000. It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with
IEC Guide 107.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2006, Amendment 1:2007
and Amendment 2:2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) testing using multiple test signals has been described;
b) additional information on EUT and cable layout has been added;
c) the upper frequency limitation has been removed to take account of new services;
d) the characterization of the field as well as the checking of power amplifier linearity of the
immunity chain are specified.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
77B/830/FDIS 77B/825/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61000 series, published under the general title Electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC), can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

– 8 – IEC 61000-4-3:2020 © IEC 2020
INTRODUCTION
IEC 61000 is published in separate parts according to the following structure:
Part 1: General
General considerations (introduction, fundamental principles)
Definitions, terminology
Part 2: Environment
Description of the environment
Classification of the environment
Compatibility levels
Part 3: Limits
Emission limits
Immunity limits (in so far as they do not fall under the responsibility of the product
committees)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Measurement techniques
Testing techniques
Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines
Installation guidelines
Mitigation methods and devices
Part 6: Generic standards
Part 9: Miscellaneous
Each part is further subdivided into several parts, published either as international standards
or as technical specifications or technical reports, some of which have already been published
as sections. Others will be published with the part number followed by a dash and a second
number identifying the subdivision (example: IEC 61000-6-1).
This part is an international standard which gives immunity requirements and test procedures
related to radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic fields.

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –

Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques –
Radiated, radio-frequency electromagnetic field immunity test

1 Scope
This part of IEC 61000 is applicable to the immunity requirements of electrical and electronic
equipment to radiated electromagnetic energy. It establishes test levels and the required test
procedures.
The object of this document is to establish a common reference for evaluating the immunity of
electrical and electronic equipment when subjected to radiated, radio-frequency
electromagnetic fields. The test method documented in this part of IEC 61000 describes a
consistent method to assess the immunity of an equipment or system against RF
electromagnetic fields from RF sources not in close proximity to the EUT. The test environment
is specified in Clause 6.
NOTE 1 As described in IEC Guide 107, this is a basic EMC publication for use by product committees of the IEC.
As also stated in Guide 107, the IEC product committees are responsible for determining whether this immunity test
standard should be applied or not, and if applied, they are responsible for determining the appropriate test levels
and performance criteria. TC 77 and its sub-committees are prepared to co-operate with product committees in the
evaluation of the value of particular immunity tests for their products.
NOTE 2 Immunity testing against RF sources in close proximity to the EUT is defined in IEC 61000-4-39.
Particular considerations are devoted to the protection against radio-frequency emissions from
digital radiotelephones and other RF emitting devices.
NOTE 3 Test methods are defined in this part for evaluating the effect that electromagnetic radiation has on the
equipment concerned. The simulation and measurement of electromagnetic radiation is not adequately exact for
quantitative determination of effects. The test methods defined in this basic document have the primary objective of
establishing an adequate reproducibility of testing configuration and repeatability of test results at various test
facilities.
This document is an independent test method. It is not possible to use other test methods as
substitutes for claiming compliance with this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-161, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 161: Electromagnetic
compatibility (available at www.electropedia.org)
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-161 and the
following apply.
– 10 – IEC 61000-4-3:2020 © IEC 2020
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
amplitude modulation
AM
modulation in which the amplitude of a periodic carrier is a given function, generally linear, of
the instantaneous values of the modulating signal
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-702:2016, 702-06-17]
3.1.2
anechoic chamber
shielded enclosure which is lined with radio-frequency absorbers to reduce reflections from the
internal surfaces
3.1.3
fully anechoic chamber
shielded enclosure whose internal surfaces are totally lined with anechoic material
3.1.4
semi-anechoic chamber
shielded enclosure in which all surfaces except the metal floor are covered with material that
absorbs electromagnetic energy (i.e. RF absorber) in the frequency range of interest
3.1.5
modified semi-anechoic chamber
semi-anechoic chamber which has additional absorbers installed on the ground plane
3.1.6
antenna
that part of a radio transmitting or receiving system which is designed to provide the required
coupling between a transmitter or a receiver and the medium in which the radio wave
propagates
Note 1 to entry: In practice, the terminals of the antenna or the points to be considered as the interface between
the antenna and the transmitter or receiver should be specified.
Note 2 to entry: If a transmitter or receiver is connected to its antenna by a feed line, the antenna may be considered
to be a transducer between the guided waves of the feed line and the radiated waves in space.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-712:1992, 712-01-01]
3.1.7
balun
device for transforming an unbalanced voltage to a balanced voltage or vice versa
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990 161-04-34]
3.1.8
common mode absorption device
CMAD
device that may be applied on cables leaving the test area in radiated immunity tests to damp
resonances on cables
3.1.9
continuous wave
CW
sinusoidal electromagnetic wave, the successive oscillations of which are identical under
steady-state conditions, which can be interrupted or modulated to convey information
3.1.10
electromagnetic wave
wave characterized by the propagation of a time-varying electromagnetic field
Note 1 to entry: An electromagnetic wave is produced by variations of electric charges or of electric currents
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-705:1995, 705-01-09]
3.1.11
far field
that region of the electromagnetic field of an antenna wherein the predominant components of
the field are those which represent a propagation of energy and wherein the angular field
distribution is essentially independent of the distance from the antenna
Note 1 to entry: In the far field region, all the components of the electromagnetic field decrease in inverse proportion
to the distance from the antenna.
Note 2 to entry: For a broadside antenna having a maximum overall dimension D which is large compared to the
wavelength λ, the far field region is commonly taken to exist at distances greater than 2D /λ, from the antenna in the
direction of maximum radiation.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-712:1992, 712-02-02, modified – the word "region" has been removed
from the term]
3.1.12
field strength
magnitude of the electromagnetic field at a given point
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-705:1995, 705-08-31, modified – the rest of the definition after "given
point" has been deleted.]
3.1.13
frequency band
continuous set of frequencies lying between two specified limiting frequencies
Note 1 to entry: A frequency band is characterized by two values which define its position in the frequency spectrum,
for instance its lower and upper limiting frequencies.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-702:1992, 702-01-02]
3.1.14
full illumination method
test method in which the EUT being tested fits completely within the uniform field area (UFA)
Note 1 to entry: This test method may be applied for all test frequencies.
3.1.15
human body-mounted equipment
equipment which is intended for use when attached to or held in close proximity to the human
body.
Note 1 to entry: This term includes hand-held devices which are carried by people while in operation (e.g. pocket
devices) as well as electronic aid devices and implants.

– 12 – IEC 61000-4-3:2020 © IEC 2020
3.1.16
intentional RF emitting device
device which radiates (transmits) an electromagnetic field intentionally
EXAMPLE: Digital mobile telephones and other radio devices.
3.1.17
intermodulation
interaction in non-linear device or transmission medium between the spectral components of
the input signal or signals producing new spectral components having frequencies equal to
linear combination with integral coefficients of the frequencies of the input spectral components
Note 1 to entry: Intermodulation can result from a single non-sinusoidal input signal or from several sinusoidal or
non-sinusoidal input signals applied to the same or to different inputs
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:2017, 161-06-20]
3.1.18
isotropic field probe
field sensor, whose detection properties are independent of direction of propagation and
polarization of an electromagnetic wave
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-731:1991, 731-03-08, modified – wording modified to apply to field
probe.]
3.1.19
maximum RMS value
highest short-term RMS value of a modulated RF signal during an observation time of one
modulation period
Note 1 to entry: The short-term RMS is evaluated over a single carrier cycle. For example, in Figure 1 b), the
maximum RMS voltage is: U = U /(2 × √2) = 1,8 V
maximum rms p-p
3.1.20
modulation factor
in linear amplitude modulation, the ratio, generally expressed as a percentage, of the difference
between the maximum and minimum amplitudes of the modulated signal to the sum of these
amplitudes, expressed as:
UU−
p-p,max p-p,min
m 100×
UU+
p-p,max p-p,min
SEE Table 2 and Figure 1.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-702:1992, 702-06-19, modified – the formula has been added and the
note removed.]
3.1.21
non-constant envelope modulation
RF modulation scheme in which the amplitude of the carrier wave varies slowly in time
compared with the period of the carrier itself
EXAMPLE Conventional amplitude modulation and time division multiple access (TDMA).
3.1.22
partial illumination method
test method used when the EUT face cannot be illuminated at once using a single UFA
=
3.1.23
polarization
orientation of the electric field vector of a radiated field
3.1.24
reference ground plane
RGP
flat conductive surface that is at the same electric potential as the reference ground, which is
used as a common reference, and which contributes to a reproducible parasitic capacitance
with the surroundings of the equipment under test (EUT)
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:2014, 161-04-36, modified – notes have been deleted.]
3.1.25
shielded enclosure
screened room
mesh or sheet metallic housing designed expressly for the purpose of separating
electromagnetically the internal and the external environment
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-161:1990, 161-04-37]
3.1.26
time division multiple access
TDMA
multiple access technique in which the various terminals having access to a link are allotted
separate recurrent time intervals for transmission
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-725:1994, 725-14-12]
3.1.27
transceiver
transmitter-receiver
combination in a single unit of a radio transmitter and a radio receiver employing common circuit
components and usually the same antenna for both transmitting and receiving
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-713:1998, 713-08-02, modified – the note has been deleted.]
3.1.28
uniform field area
UFA
vertical plane in which field strength variations are acceptably small
SEE: 6.3.
3.2 Abbreviated terms
AE Auxillary equipment
AM Amplitude modulation
CMAD Common-mode absorption device
CW Continuous wave
DECT Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications
EM Electromagnetic
ERP Effective radiated power
EUT Equipment under test
GSM Groupe Special Mobile, later renamed to: Global System for Mobile
Communications
– 14 – IEC 61000-4-3:2020 © IEC 2020
IMD Intermodulation distortion
ISM Industrial, scientific, medical
LTE Long-term evolution (name for family of wireless radio transmissions)
MU Measurement uncertainty
OFDM Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
PA Power amplifier
PM Power meter
PVC Polyvinylchloride
RF Radio frequency
RBW Resolution bandwidth
RGP Reference ground plane
RMS Root mean square
SDH Synchronous digital hierarchy
TDMA Time division multiple access
TV Television
UFA Uniform field area
UMTS Universal mobile telecommunications system
VRC voltage reflection coefficient
VSWR Voltage standing wave ratio
Wi-Fi Name of wireless transmission service
WiMAX Name of wireless transmission service
4 General
Electronic equipment can, in some manner, be affected by electromagnetic radiation. This
radiation is frequent
...