IEC 61000-4-5:2014/AMD1:2017
(Amendment)Amendment 1 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques - Surge immunity test
Amendment 1 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques - Surge immunity test
Applies to electronic direct a.c. converter systems with electrical energy storage means in the d.c. link. Ensures continuity of an alternating power source. Also includes the method of specifying all power switches that form integral parts of a UPS and are associated with its output. Included are interrupters, bypass switches, isolating switches, load transfer switches and tie switches. does not refer to cnventional mains distirbution boards, rectifier input switches or d.c. switches or UPS based on rotating machines. Defines a complete uninterruptible power system in terms of its performance and not individual UPS functional units.[
]The contents of the corrigendum of July 2003 have been included in this copy.
Amendement 1 - Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) - Partie 4-5: Techniques d'essai et de mesure Essai d'immunité aux ondes de choc
S'applique aux systèmes convertisseurs indirects électroniques à courant alternatif possédant un moyen d'accumulation d'énergie électrique dans la liaison continue. Assure la permanence d'une source d'alimentation alternative. Comprend aussi la méthode de spécification de tous les interupteurs de puissance qui font partie intégrante d'une ASI et sont associés à sa sortie. Inclut les interrupteurs, les interrupteurs de by-pass, les interrupteurs d'isolement, les interrupteurs de transfert de la charge et es interrupteurs de liaison. Ne concerne pas les tableaux de distribution conventionnels, les interrupteurs des convertisseurs d'entrée ou les interrupteurs à courant continue ou l'ASI à la base de machines tournantes. Définit les caractéristiques de fonctionnement d'une ASI complète et non ses unités fonctionnelles considérées comme des sous-systèmes individuels.[
]Le contenu du corrigendum de juillet 2003 a été pris en considération dans cet exemplaire.
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IEC 61000-4-5
®
Edition 3.0 2017-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
BA SIC EMC PUBLICATION
P UBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM
AMENDMENT 1
AMENDEMENT 1
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques – Surge immunity test
Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) –
Partie 4-5: Techniques d'essai et de mesure – Essai d'immunité aux ondes de
choc
IEC 61000-4-5:2014-05/AMD1:2017-08(en-fr)
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IEC 61000-4-5
®
Edition 3.0 2017-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
BA SIC EMC PUBLICATION
P UBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM
AMENDMENT 1
AMENDEMENT 1
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques – Surge immunity test
Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) –
Partie 4-5: Techniques d'essai et de mesure – Essai d'immunité aux ondes de
choc
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-4664-1
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– 2 – IEC 61000-4-5:2014/AMD1:2017
© IEC 2017
FOREWORD
This amendment has been prepared by subcommittee 77B: High frequency phenomena, of
IEC technical committee 77: Electromagnetic compatibility.
The text of this amendment is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
77B/762/CDV 77B/773/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this amendment can be found in the report
on voting indicated in the above table.
The committee has decided that the contents of this amendment and the base publication will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
_____________
Introduction to the amendment
Rationale:
The method for testing DC products in the current revision of IEC61000-4-5 is causing many
field related problems for test labs and manufacturers. Many products will not power up
through the power CDN in the standard and in some cases may be damaged by the
inductance that is necessary to apply the surge (see 77B/734/DC for further information).
The DC./DC converter problem is related to the switching of the converter which produces a
voltage drop at the decoupling inductors on one hand and oscillations produced by the EUT
impedance in combination with the source on the other hand. Measurements were performed
using different brands of CDNs with a device known to show that problem as an EUT. The
result shows different oscillations and signal forms of the voltage at the EUT for different
CDNs. According to the outcome, the use of a CDN with a higher current rating (i.e. smaller
decoupling inductivity) can solve the problem. At the meeting of SC77B/MT12 in Akishima,
Japan on August 26, 2016, it was decided to add a statement into 7.3 allowing surge tests
with higher current rated CDNs and to add a new Annex I to explain the problem in detail.
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IEC 61000-4-5:2014/AMD1:2017 – 3 –
© IEC 2017
7.3 Test setup for surges applied to EUT power ports
Add, between the second and the third paragraph, the following new paragraph:
In case, where an EUT having DC/DC input converters cannot power up through the
appropriate current-rated CDN, it is permitted to use a higher current-rated CDN with ratings
up to and including 125 A, which fulfills the specifications according to its current rating given
in Table 4. In such case, the use of this higher rated CDN shall be described in the test
report. Annex I includes further information regarding this special case.
Annexes
Add, after Annex H, the following new Annex I:
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– 4 – IEC 61000-4-5:2014/AMD1:2017
© IEC 2017
Annex I
(informative)
Issues relating to powering EUTs having
DC/DC converters at the input
I.1 General
As industry mandates energy saving equipment design, especially in classic data server
‘farms’ and central office locations that can contain hundreds or thousands of server/router
communications equipment running continuously, the equipment manufacturers are re-
designing their equipment to be more efficient and less wasting of energy in the form of heat
dissipation. One of the largest wasteful components has been the power supply. By designing
the equipment power supplies to operate from DC voltage and then converting the nominal
input voltage to the voltages required by the circuits of the system, vast amounts of energy
can be conserved when using modern switching design controlled by microprocessor
technologies to only draw power from the source when actually needed by the loading circuits.
Larger storage capacitors formerly used to store energy between conduction cycles are being
eliminated or reduced dramatically. The result is that the input current of such DC/DC power
supplies is no longer true direct current. It has become pulsed current. The frequency of this
pulsed current is often a problem when passing through the inductor used in the decoupling
network of the CDNs. The inductance of the decoupling network was selected to provide very
low reactance to DC and AC power line frequencies typically up to 50 Hz or 60 Hz. As
frequency increases, so does the inductive reactance. Thus, for a surge impulse having 1,2
µs rise time and 50 µs duration, the reactance becomes very high and effectively attenuates
the surge impulse from passing through to the source supply connected to the CDN. The
surge impulse is therefore ‘steered’ to the EUT output of the CDN. The frequency of the input
current pulses of DC/DC converters is evolving to faster and faster speeds to more effectively
increase efficiency. As these switching supply technologies are evolving to use PWM (pulse
width modulation) techniques, the input current of these supplies is becoming a complex
waveform actually containing many frequencies and their harmonics (due to the square wave
nature of the pulses). As a result, the decoupling inductor, through which this current flows to
its source, cannot pass these rapid changes in current. Its high reactance to these high
frequency transitions causes the voltage supplied to the EUT to drop instantaneously.
Because the EUT supply has little capacitance to ‘hold up’ voltage to its loads, its output
voltage drops. This can cause the load equipment circuitry to stop working or to perform
erratically. The DC/DC supply has rapidly responding circuitry so it immediately attempts to
draw more current from its source. It would change its PWM (duty cycle) to increase current
from the source. This change effectively changes the frequency of the chopped current
through the decoupling inductor which can further reduce instantaneous voltage to the EUT or
increase it depending upon frequency effect of the PWM, and the cycle starts over again.
Another issue for active DC/DC converters is that the presence of an inductance between the
DC power source and the DC/DC converter input can cause self-oscillations due to the
dynamic voltage/current ratio of the input signal. dI/dV is negative for small excursions from
the nominal voltage, and for some converters this in combination with the gain/phase
properties of the converter control loop can cause unwanted self-oscillation. The stability
margin of the DC/DC converter in combination with the surge CDN is in general not known by
the testing laboratory.
While the switch to EUT power supplies is evolving to employ more energy efficient DC power
inputs to such telecommunications EUT equipment, test laboratories should acquire DC power
supplies to supply power to the inputs of the CDNs used for compliance testing to power up
those EUT products. Modern technology has also changed the world of laboratory DC power
supplies. Today these supplies also use switching mode technologies and have very
sophisticated circuitry employed to keep their output voltage and current constant under a
variety of changing loads while also reducing wasted energy in the form of heat, unlike the
aging linear power supply technologies. This circuitry can pose a problem when powering up
devices having DC/DC converters on their inputs due to the changing current and complex
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IEC 61000-4-5:2014/AMD1:2017 – 5 –
© IEC 2017
current waveforms caused by the switching frequencies of those DC/DC converters. The DC
source supplies might not be able to cope with such rapid changes in load. Also their output
impedance, when coupled to the CDN decoupling inductance and load inductance of the EUT,
could make them susceptible to oscillation. Additionally, many of these DC supplies cannot
tolerate or cope with the effect of any residual surge impulses passing through the decoupling
network and can be damaged. Test engineers should really study and understand the
limitations of such supplies as used for compliance testing to ensure their suitability for such
applications.
I.2 Considerations for remediation
If a cause has not been found for the EUT not to power up through the CDN, the next step is
to determine if the issue is due to the decoupling inductance limiting voltage to the EUT or
whether the source DC supply is unable to maintain its
...
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