IEC TS 62657-1:2014

Industrial communication networks - Wireless communication networks - Part 1: Wireless communication requirements and spectrum considerations

IEC TS 62657-1:2014(en) provides the wireless communication requirements dictated by the applications of wireless communication systems in industrial automation, and requirements of related context. The requirements are specified in a way that is independent of the wireless technology employed. The requirements are described in detail and in such a way as to be understood by a large audience, including readers who are not familiar with the industry applications. Social aspects, environmental aspects, health aspects and market requirements for wireless communication systems in industrial automation are described to justify the wireless communication requirements. This Technical Specification describes requirements of the industrial automation applications that can be used to ask for additional dedicated, worldwide unique spectrum. This additional spectrum is intended to be used for additional wireless applications while continuing using the current ISM bands.

General Information

• Status: Replaced
• Publication Date: 23-Apr-2014
• ICS: 25.040.40 - Industrial process measurement and control
• ICS: 31.220.10 - Plug-and-socket devices. Connectors
• ICS: 33.040.40 - Data communication networks
• ICS: 35.100.05 - Multilayer applications
• Technical Committee: SC 65C - Industrial networks
• Drafting Committee: WG 17 - TC 65/SC 65C/WG 17
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Completion Date: 19-Jun-2017

Relations

• Replaced By: IEC 62657-1:2017 - Industrial communication networks - Wireless communication networks - Part 1: Wireless communication requirements and spectrum considerations
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC TS 62657-1
®

Edition 1.0 2014-04
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION

colour
inside


Industrial communication networks – Wireless communication networks –
Part 1: Wireless communication requirements and spectrum considerations

IEC TS 62657-1:2014-04(en)

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IEC TS 62657-1

®


Edition 1.0 2014-04




TECHNICAL



SPECIFICATION








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inside










Industrial communication networks – Wireless communication networks –

Part 1: Wireless communication requirements and spectrum considerations



























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ELECTROTECHNICAL

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ICS 25.040; 33.040.40; 35.100; 35.240.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-1484-8



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– 2 – IEC TS 62657-1:2014 © IEC 2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions abbreviated terms and acronyms . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviated terms and acronyms . 10
4 Wireless communication requirements of industrial automation – considerations for
regulators . 12
4.1 Worldwide harmonized frequency use . 12
4.2 Coexistence management process (see IEC 62657-2) . 12
4.3 Concepts for using spectrum in wireless industrial applications . 13
4.3.1 General . 13
4.3.2 Suitable available spectrum for wireless industrial applications . 14
4.3.3 Dedicated spectrum . 15
4.3.4 Other concepts . 16
4.4 Market relevance and requirements . 17
4.4.1 General . 17
4.4.2 Enabling position of industry equipment . 18
4.4.3 Cost-benefit aspects and benefits in the application . 19
4.5 Social, health and environmental aspects . 20
4.5.1 General . 20
4.5.2 Social, health and environmental considerations . 20
4.5.3 Health concerns . 23
4.5.4 Other concerns . 23
5 Wireless communication requirements of industrial automation – considerations for
automation experts . 24
5.1 Use of wireless communication networks in industrial automation . 24
5.1.1 General . 24
5.1.2 Essential differences between wireless and wired communication
networks . 25
5.1.3 Communication networks in industrial automation . 27
5.1.4 Application fields . 29
5.2 Industrial automation application requirements (use cases) . 30
5.2.1 General . 30
5.2.2 Use case 1 – Safety of workers around transporting machines . 30
5.2.3 Use case 2 – Level monitoring and alarming in a tank farm . 31
5.2.4 Use case 3 – Field worker support with mobile wireless equipment . 32
5.2.5 Use case 4 – Vibration monitoring and analysis of rotating machines . 33
5.2.6 Use case 5 – Oil wellhead monitoring and control . 33
5.2.7 Use case 6 – Some applications for factory automation, with a large
number of nodes . 34
5.3 Wireless communication network requirements . 34
5.3.1 Timing and real-time . 34
5.3.2 Bandwidth and bit rate . 38
5.3.3 Radio propagation conditions, geographic coverage and scale of the
network . 39

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IEC TS 62657-1:2014 © IEC 2014 – 3 –
5.3.4 Power consumption . 41
5.3.5 EMC . 42
5.3.6 Functional safety . 42
5.3.7 Security . 43
5.3.8 Availability, reliability . 44
Bibliography . 47

Figure 1 – End producer revenue . 18
Figure 2 – Typical risk reduction methods found in process plants . 21
Figure 3 – Wireless communication system interrelated with the automation pyramid . 28
Figure 4 – Example of graphical representation of consistent indicators. 36

Table 1 – Application communication requirements . 18
Table 2 – Structure of the communication networks used in the application fields . 25
Table 3 – Benefits of using wireless systems . 26
Table 4 – Examples of application grace time . 45

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– 4 – IEC TS 62657-1:2014 © IEC 2014
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

INDUSTRIAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS –
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS –

Part 1: Wireless communication requirements
and spectrum considerations

FOREWORD
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The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In
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• the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard,
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• the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the
future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard.
Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide
whether they can be transformed into International Standards.
IEC/TS 62657-1, which is a technical specification, has been prepared by subcommittee 65C:
Industrial networks, of IEC technical committee 65: Industrial-process measurement, control
and automation.

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IEC TS 62657-1:2014 © IEC 2014 – 5 –
The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
65C/741A/DTS 65C/749/RVC

Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62657 series, published under the general title Industrial
communication networks – Wireless communication networks, can be found on the IEC
website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• transformed into an International standard,
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

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colour printer.

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– 6 – IEC TS 62657-1:2014 © IEC 2014
INTRODUCTION
The IEC 62657 series has two parts:
Part 1: Wireless communication requirements and spectrum considerations
Part 2: Coexistence management
This part of IEC 62657 provides general requirements of industrial automation and spectrum
considerations that are the basis for industrial communication solutions. This Part 1 is
intended to facilitate harmonization of future adjustments to international, national, regional
and local regulations.
IEC 62657-2 provides the coexistence management concept and process. Based on the
coexistence management process, a predictable assuredness of coexistence can be achieved
for a given spectrum with certain application requirements.

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IEC TS 62657-1:2014 © IEC 2014 – 7 –
INDUSTRIAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS –
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS –

Part 1: Wireless communication requirements
and spectrum considerations



1 Scope
This Technical Specification provides the wireless communication requirements dictated by
the applications of wireless communication systems in industrial automation, and
requirements of related context. The requirements are specified in a way that is independent
of the wireless technology employed. The requirements are described in detail and in such a
way as to be understood by a large audience, including readers who are not familiar with the
industry applications.
Social aspects, environmental aspects, health aspects and market requirements for wireless
communication systems in industrial automation are described to justify the wireless
communication requirements.
This document also provides a rationale to successfully articulate the proposed short-term
and long-term solutions. Coexistence management according to IEC 62657-2 is already
applied in the short-term solutions.
This Technical Specification describes requirements of the industrial automation applications
that can be used to ask for additional dedicated, worldwide unique spectrum. This additional
spectrum is intended to be used for additional wireless applications while continuing using the
current ISM bands.
This document provides useful information for the automation field professionals who are not
familiar with the spectrum and wireless technologies.
Building automation is excluded from the scope because of the different usage constraints (for
most non-industrial buildings it is normally difficult for the owner/operator to impose control
over the presence and operation of radio equipment).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 61508 (all parts), Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic
safety-related systems
IEC 61784-2, Industrial communication networks – Profiles – Part 2: Additional fieldbus
profiles for real-time networks based on ISO/IEC 8802-3
IEC 61784-3, Industrial communication networks – Profiles – Part 3: Functional safety
fieldbuses – General rules and profile definitions
IEC 62443 (all parts), Industrial communication networks – Network and system security

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– 8 – IEC TS 62657-1:2014 © IEC 2014
IEC 62657-2:2013, Industrial communication networks – Wireless communication network –
Part 2: Coexistence management
ETSI/TR 102 889-2:2011, Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
System Reference Document; Short Range Devices (SRD); Part 2: Technical characteristics
for SRD equipment for wireless industrial applications using technologies different from Ultra-
Wide Band (UWB)
3 Terms, definitions abbreviated terms and acronyms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 62657-2- and the
following apply.
3.1.1
automation application
application of measurement and automatic control in the industrial automation domains
3.1.2
availability (performance)
ability of an item to be in a state to perform a required function under given conditions at a
given instant of time or over a given time interval, assuming that the required external
resources are provided
Note 1 to entry: This ability depends on the combined aspects of the reliability performance, the maintainability
performance, and the maintenance support performance.
Note 2 to entry: Required external resources, other than maintenance resources, do not affect the availability
performance of the item.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-191:1990, 191-02-05]
3.1.3
coexistence
wireless communication coexistence
state in which all wireless communication solutions of a plant using shared medium fulfill all
their application communication requirements
Note 1 to entry: This is consistent with the definition of coexistence in IEEE 802.15.2-2003.
[SOURCE: IEC 62657-2:2013, 3.1.12]
3.1.4
coexistence management
process to establish and to maintain coexistence that includes technical and organizational
measures
[SOURCE: IEC 62657-2:2013, 3.1.14]
3.1.5
cognitive radio system
radio system employing technology that allows the system to obtain knowledge of its
operational and geographical environment, established policies and its internal state to
dynamically and autonomously adjust its operational parameters and protocols according to
its obtained knowledge in order to achieve predefined objectives; and to learn from the results
obtained

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IEC TS 62657-1:2014 © IEC 2014 – 9 –
1
[SOURCE: ITU-R SM.2152:2009] [10]
3.1.6
conduit
logical grouping of communication assets that protects the security of the channels it contains
Note 1 to entry: This is analogous to the way that a physical conduit protects cables from physical damage (see
IEC 62443).
Note 2 to entry: A USB port is considered a conduit, but a USB device (e.g., memory stick) is considered an asset.
3.1.7
Ethernet
communication system according to ISO/IEC 8802-3 and IEEE 802.1D
3.1.8
factory automation
automation application in industrial automation branches typically with discrete characteristics
of the application to be automated with specific requirements for determinism, low latency,
reliability, redundancy, cyber security, and functional safety
Note 1 to entry: Low latency typically means below 10 ms delivery time.
3.1.9
frequency band
range in the frequency spectrum that is assigned by regulatory organizations for use for
specific applications
[SOURCE: IEC 62657-2:2013, 3.1.21]
3.1.10
plant
complete set of technical equipment and facilities to accomplish a defined technical task
Note 1 to entry: A plant includes apparatus, machines, instruments, devices, means of transportation, control
equipment and other operating equipment.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-351:2006, 351-21-45]
3.1.11
process automation
automation application in industrial automation branches typically with continuous
characteristics of the application to be automated with specific requirements for determinism,
reliability, redundancy, cyber security, and functional safety
3.1.12
reconfigurable radio system
RRS
radio system encompassing software defined radio and/or cognitive radio system
3.1.13
reliability
ability of an item to perform a required function under given conditions for a given time
interval
Note 1 to entry: It is generally assumed that the item is in a state to perform this required function at the
beginning of the time interval.
—————————
1
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.

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– 10 – IEC TS 62657-1:2014 © IEC 2014
Note 2 to entry: The term “reliability” is also used as a measure of reliability performance (see
IEC 60050-191:1990, 191-12-01).
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-191:1990, 191-02-06, modified – Note 2 to entry has been modified]
3.1.14
shared medium
resource of frequency band in particular area shared by several wireless applications
Note 1 to entry: In the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM)-bands many wireless applications are used. Due to
this joint use, the term shared medium is used in this document. The frequency bands are used by diverse ISM and
wireless applications.
[SOURCE: IEC 62657-2:2013, 3.1.38]
3.1.15
software defined radio
radio transmitter and/or receiver employing a technology that allows the RF operating
parameters including, but not limited to, frequency range, modulation type, or output power to
be set or altered by software, excluding changes to operating parameters which occur during
the normal pre-installed and predetermined operation of a radio according to a system
specification or standard
[SOURCE: ITU-R SM.2152:2009] [10]
3.1.16
wireless application
any use of electromagnetic waves with devices or equipment for the generation and use of
radio frequency energy
[SOURCE: IEC 62657-2:2013, 3.1.46]
3.1.17
wireless communication
communication in which electromagnetic radiations are used to transfer information
3.1.18
wireless communication solution
specific implementation or instance of a wireless communication system
Note 1 to entry: A wireless communication solution may be composed of products of one or more producers.
[SOURCE: IEC 62657-2:2013, 3.1.49]
3.1.19
wireless communication system
set of interrelated elements providing a wireless communication
Note 1 to entry: A wireless communication system is a high level representation of a system, while a wireless
communication solution is a practical instance of a system.
[SOURCE: IEC 62657-2:2013, 3.1.50]
3.2 Abbreviated terms and acronyms
AGV Automated guided vehicle
AP Access point
APDU Application protocol data unit
BPCS Basic process control system

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IEC TS 62657-1:2014 © IEC 2014 – 11 –
CCS Carbon dioxide capture and storage
CO Carbon dioxide
2
CP Communication profile according to IEC 61784-1 or IEC 61784-2
CR Cognitive radio
CRC Cyclic redundancy check
DAA Detect and avoid
DCS Distributed control system
DECT Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications
DSL Digital subscriber line
EC European Commission
EDGE Enhanced data GSM environment
EIRP Equivalent isotropic radiated power
EM Electromagnetic
EMC Electromagnetic compatibility
EMI Electromagnetic interference
EMS Electromagnetic susceptibility
FSCP Functional safety communication profiles
GPRS General packet radio service
GPS Global positioning system
GSM Global system for mobile communications
I/O Input/Output
ID Identification
IEA International energy agency
IP Internet protocol
ISDN Integrated services digital network
ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical
LAN Local area network
LBT Listen before talk
LOS Line of sight
LTE Long term evolution
MU Medium utilization factor
NLOS Non line of sight
OLOS Obstructed line of sight
PC Personal computer
PLC Programmable logic controller
PPE Personal protective equipment
RE Renewable energies
RF Radio frequency
RRS Reconfigurable Radio System
SDR Software defined radio
SIL Safety integrity level
SIS Safety instrumented system
SOP Standard operating procedures

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SRD Short range devices
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TS Technical Specification
UMTS Universal mobile telecommunications system
USB Universal serial bus
WIA-PA Wireless network for industrial automation – process automation
WLAN Wireless local area network
WRT Wireless real-time
4 Wireless communication requirements of industrial automation –
considerations for regulators
4.1 Worldwide harmonized frequency use
One of the reasons to enable worldwide use of wireless devices is that a wireless component
will go through several steps of successive integration before being actually used (into a
product, then a machine, then a factory), so the final geographical location of the wireless
interface is not necessarily known. Regulation of the utilization of frequency bands is a matter
of national sovereignty and has not yet been harmonized worldwide. Even when using the
2,4 GHz ISM band, national device approvals or licenses could be required. Furthermore, it
could be necessary in some countries to gain approval for the operation of a wireless network,
or to publish details of such a network in advance. Occasionally there are local usage
restrictions related to the maximum transmission power that exceed international or regional
norms, or a limitation of operation for indoor or outdoor areas. It is therefore important when
exporting wireless systems to clarify in advance whether and under what circumstances the
devices in question are permitted to be operated in the respective country.
NOTE Normally, manufacturers include such information in their documentation.
4.2 Coexistence management process (see IEC 62657-2)
Standard network solutions with specific performance characteristics (such as time criticality,
safety and security) are used in industrial automation applications. The specific performance
characteristics needed for industrial automation are identified
...