ISO/TR 12350:2004

Road vehicles - Injury risk curves for evaluation of occupant protection in side impact

ISO/TR 12350:2004 provides injury risk curves for the evaluation of occupant protection in side impacts on road vehicles. The measurements concerned are performed on two lateral impact dummies, EuroSID 1 and BioSID, which present acceptable levels of biofidelity response in accordance with ISO/TR 9790 and are used in tests carried out according to ISO 10997.

Véhicules routiers - Courbes de risques de blessures pour l'évaluation de la protection des occupants en choc latéral

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-2004
• Withdrawal Date: 09-Mar-2004
• ICS: 43.020 - Road vehicles in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 22 - Road vehicles
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 22 - Road vehicles
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 13-Sep-2013

Relations

• Revised: ISO/TR 12350:2013 - Road vehicles — Injury risk curves for the evaluation of occupant protection in side impact tests
• Effective Date: 16-Jan-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 12350
First edition
2004-03-15

Road vehicles — Injury risk curves for
evaluation of occupant protection in side
impact
Véhicules routiers — Courbes de risques de blessures pour l'évaluation
de la protection des occupants en choc latéral




Reference number
ISO/TR 12350:2004(E)
©
ISO 2004

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ISO/TR 12350:2004(E)
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©  ISO 2004
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ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

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ISO/TR 12350:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 1
4 Methodology. 2
4.1 Velocity. 2
4.2 Level of injury. 3
4.3 Age adjustment . 3
4.4 Statistical analysis . 3
5 Test data. 4
5.1 Thorax . 4
5.2 Abdomen. 7
5.3 Pelvis. 10
6 Injury risk curves . 14
Annex A (normative) Injury risk curves for EuroSID 1 . 16
Annex B (normative) Injury risk curves for BioSID. 20
Bibliography . 24

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ISO/TR 12350:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a
simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely
informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TS 12350 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 12,
Passive safety crash protection systems.

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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 12350:2004(E)

Road vehicles — Injury risk curves for evaluation of occupant
protection in side impact
1 Scope
This Technical Report provides injury risk curves for the evaluation of occupant protection in side impacts on
road vehicles. The measurements are performed on two lateral impact dummies, EuroSID 1 and BioSID,
which present acceptable levels of biofidelity response in accordance with ISO/TR 9790 and are used in tests
carried out according to ISO 10997.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO TR 9790, Road vehicles — Anthropomorphic side impact dummy — Lateral impact response
requirements to assess the biofidelity of the dummy
ISO 10997, Passenger vehicles — Side impact with deformable moving barrier — Full scale test
3 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviated terms apply.
F Force, adjusted
adj
F Force, original
org
F Force, abdomen
abdo
F Force, abdomen, interior
abdo in
F Force, abdomen, exterior
abdo ex
F Force, pubis
pubis
F Force, impactor
impact
v Impact velocity, cadaver
cad
v Impact velocity, dummy
dum
a Acceleration, adjusted
adj
a Acceleration, original
org
a Acceleration, spine
spine
a Acceleration, lower spine
lspine
a Acceleration, pelvis
pelvis
δ Displacement, adjusted
adj
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ISO/TR 12350:2004(E)
δ Displacement, original
org
V*C Viscous criterion, adjusted
adj
V*C Viscous criterion, original
org
V*C Viscous criterion, abdomen
abdo
V*C Viscous criterion, maximal
max
AIS Abbreviate injury scale
AIS Abbreviate injury scale, hard thorax
ht
AIS Abbreviate injury scale, hard thorax, adjusted
ht adj
AIS Abbreviate injury scale, maximal
max
AIS Abbreviate injury scale, maximal, abdomen
max abdo
AIS Abbreviate injury scale, internal organs
intern
AIS Abbreviate injury scale, aorta
aorta
AIS Abbreviate injury scale, abdomen
abdo
AIS Abbreviate injury scale, pelvis
pelvis
AIS Abbreviate injury scale, thoracic
thor
AIS Abbreviate injury scale, thoracic, cadaver
thor cad
n Number of fractured ribs, adjusted
FRadj
n Number of rib fractures, original
RForg
AGE Age of cadaver
cad
4 Methodology
The biomechanical bases are those selected and described in the ISO/TR 9790. Cadaver data (test conditions,
subject characteristics and injuries) are provided in Tables 1 to 29 of the present Technical Report.
Corresponding tests are performed with EuroSID 1 and BioSID dummies under the same test conditions as
those applicable to cadavers. Dummy test responses are also provided in the tables.
Cadaver injuries are then correlated to dummy responses to establish injury risk assessment, with the
following adjustments.
4.1 Velocity
The dummy criteria are normalised by the velocity in order to match cadaver test velocities:
F = F × v / v
adj org cad dum
a = a × v / v
adj org cad dum
δ = δ × v / v
adj org cad dum
2
V*C = V*C × (v / v )
adj org cad dum
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ISO/TR 12350:2004(E)
4.2 Level of injury
4.2.1 For the hard thorax and abdomen, the following scale is used:
AIS 2 = n 1 to 3
ht FRadj
AIS 3 = n 4 to 8
ht FRadj
AIS 4 = n > 9 or 2 rib fractures on 4 consecutive ribs
ht FRadj
4.2.2 For the thorax, rib fractures and internal organ injuries are considered separately.
Additional curves for “6+ fractured ribs” are provided in order to take into account the differences between
living occupants and cadavers. This level should be considered as an AIS 3+ for living people.
4.2.3 For the abdomen, only AIS (rib fractures and internal organs) is considered.
max
4.2.4 For the pelvis, all levels of fractures are considered.
4.3 Age adjustment
[1]
4.3.1 Hard thorax and abdomen
The number of fractured ribs (n ) is adjusted to 45 years with a scale factor of 0,2 n per year:
FR FR
n = n − 0,2 (AGE − 45)
FRadj FRorg cad
4.3.2 Internal organ (thorax and abdomen)
No adjustment.
4.3.3 Pelvis
[2]
Evans reports a decrease of about 20 % of ultimate bending stress between the ages of 24 and 79. Failure
forces, accelerations and deflections being proportional to ultimate stress, they can be adjusted to 45 years,
with a scale factor of 0,4 % a year:
F = F / [1 − 0,004 × (AGE − 45)]
adj org
a = a / [1 − 0,004 × (AGE − 45)]
adj org
δ = δ / [1 − 0,004 × (AGE − 45)]
adj org
4.4 Statistical analysis
[3]
Taking into account the small number of test data, the certainty method, described by Mertz , was used to
compute injury risk curves.
For each cadaver, the corrected level of injury is associated with the corrected criteria measured on the
dummy during a test in the same conditions. It is assumed that a relation exists between the criteria and the
level of injury.
For a prescribed level of criteria, a group is composed (the certainty group) to include only those specimens it
is known for certain either would or would not have experienced a level of injury at this level of criteria. The
probability of injury at the given level of criteria is then estimated by calculating the ratio of the number of
specimens that would have experienced the level of injury to the total number of specimens in the certainty
group.
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ISO/TR 12350:2004(E)
To ascertain whether a specimen would or would not have experienced a level of injury at a given level of
criteria, one assumes that if someone sustains a level of injury at a given level of criteria, he/she will also
sustain at least the same level of injury at a higher level of the criteria. The values obtained are then analysed
numerically using regression techniques. Results of regressions are provided in Clause 6.
5 Test data
Test data from the literature (see Bibliography) are provided in Tables 1 to 29, including test conditions,
cadaver characteristics and injuries with the corresponding dummy tests (EuroSID and BioSID references),
and dummy test responses.
5.1 Thorax
5.1.1 Pendulum impact — 23,4 kg
See Tables 1 to 4.
Table 1 — Test results from [4]
Test No. AGE v n n AIS AIS AIS EuroSID BioSID
RF RFadj ht adj intern max
m/s reference reference
76T062 69 4,3 7 2,2 2 (5) 2 113a 114a
77T071 60 4,3 0 0 0 1 1 113a 114a
77T074 60 4,3 2 0 0 0 2 113a 114a

Table 2 — Test results from [5]
Test No. AGE v n n AIS AIS AIS EuroSID BioSID
FR FRadj ht adj intern max
reference reference
(m/s)
Viano17 29 5,5 0 0 0 0 0 113a 114a
Viano29 52 5,2 0 0 0 0 0 113a 114a
Viano36 37 4,0 0 0 0 0 0 113a 114a
Viano40 64 3,62 2 0 0 0 0 113a 114a
Viano41 64 3,8 0 0 0 0 0 113a 114a
Viano4 63 5,99 4 0,4 0 0 0 113b 114b
Viano5 38 6,48 3 4,4 3 0 3 113b 114b
Viano7 66 6,73 5 0,8 0 0 0 113b 114b
Viano9 64 6,71 5 1,2 2 0 2 113b 114b
Viano11 40 6,71 5 6 3 0 3 113b 114b

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ISO/TR 12350:2004(E)
[6], [7]
Table 3 — Results from EuroSID 1 tests
Ref Test v δ V*C
reference (m/s) (mm) (m/s)
113a Viano 4,4 39,1 0,5
113b Viano 6,5 53,4 1,14
113c Viano 9,3 61 2,03
113d ACEA 4,3 33 0,36
(UTAC)
113e ACEA 6,7 50 0,9
(UTAC)
[6], [7]
Table 4 — Results from BioSID tests
Ref Test v V*C
δ
reference
(m/s) (mm) (m/s)
114a Viano 4,4 33,4 0,31
114b Viano 6,5 58 0,78
114c Viano 9,3 76 2,17
114d ACEA 4,3 32 0,32
(UTAC)
114e ACEA 6,7 60 1,03
(UTAC)
5.1.2 Lateral drops
See Tables 5 to 7.
Table 5 — Test results from [8]
Test No. AGE Drop Impact Arm n n AIS AIS AIS EuroSID BioSID
RF RFadj ht adj intern max
height surface position reference reference
(m)
APR104 70 1 rigid up 14 9 4 0 4 — —
APR105 47 1 rigid up 13 12,6 4 0 2 — —
APR111 52 1 rigid 20° fwd. 5 3,6 2 0 2 122b 123b
APR155 42 1 rigid 20° fwd. 0 0,6 0 0 0 122b 123b
APR120 51 2 APR pad 20° fwd. 13 11,8 4 0 3 122c 123c
APR121 57 2 APR pad 20° fwd. 4 1,6 2 0 2 122c 123c
APR122 42 2 APR pad 20° fwd. 0 0,6 0 0 0 122c 123c
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ISO/TR 12350:2004(E)
[9]
Table 6 — Results from EuroSID 1 tests
Ref Test Drop height Impact Arm δ V*C
reference (m) surface position (mm) (m/s)
122a Harigae 0,5 rigid 20° fwd 19,7 0,1
122b Harigae 1 rigid 20° fwd 33,9 0,29
122c Harigae 2 padded 20° fwd 42,6 0,37
[9]
Table 7 — Results from BioSID tests
Ref Test Drop height Impact Arm δ V*C
reference (m) surface position (mm) (m/s)
123a Harigae 0,5 rigid 20° fwd 15,1 0,06
123b Harigae 1 rigid 20° fwd 27,7 0,21
123c Harigae 2 padded 20° fwd 27,7 0,21
5.1.3 Sled tests
See Tables 8 to 11.
Table 8 — Test results from [1]
Test No. AGE v Impact n n AIS AIS AIS EuroSID BioSID
FR FRadj ht adj intern max
(m/s) surface reference reference
H-82-015 18 6,5 rigid 2 7,4 3 1 3 133a 134a
H-82-018 28 6,5 rigid 9 12,4 4 3 4 133a 134a
H-82-019 47 6,5 rigid 7 6,6 3 3 3 133a 134a
H-82-014 22 9,1 rigid 12 16,6 4 4 4 133b 134b
H-82-016 21 8,75 rigid 8 12,8 4 2 4 133b 134b
H-82-021 48 8,8 padded 13 12,4 4 4 4 133c 134c
H-82-022 50 9,1 padded 15 14 4 4 4 133c 134c

Table 9 — Test results from [10]
Test No. AGE v Pad n n AIS AIS AIS EuroSID BioSID
RF RFadj ht adj aorta max
thickness reference reference
(m/s)
(mm)
SIC 04 69 9,1 rigid 22 17,2 4 0 4 133b 134b
SIC 07 66 6,7 rigid 16 11,8 4 0 4 133a 134a
SIC 10 60 8,8 152 5 2 2 0 2 — —
SIC 14 60 9,4 102 18 15 4 0 4 — —
SIC 15 43 8,9 102 0 0,4 0 0 0 — —
SIC 16 58 8,9 76 26 23,4 4 0 4 — —
SIC 17 65 8,9 152 2 0 0 0 0 — —
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ISO/TR 12350:2004(E)
[9], [7]
Table 10 — Results from EuroSID-1 tests
Ref Test reference v Impact surface V*C
δ
(m/s) (m/s)
(mm)
133a Harigae 6,8 rigid 40,2 0,6
133b Harigae 8,9 rigid 52,1 1,24
133c Harigae 8,9 padded 54,7 0,98
133d ACEA 6,7 rigid 32 —
(Heidelberg)
133e ACEA 8,9 APR pad 43 —
(Heidelberg)
[9], [7]
Table 11 — Results from BioSID tests
Ref Test reference v Impact surface V*C
δ
(m/s) (m/s)
(mm)
134a Harigae 6,8 rigid 51,1 0,68
134b Harigae 8,9 rigid 65,8 1,5
134c Harigae 8,9 padded 65,4 1,32
134d ACEA 6,7 rigid 40 —
(Heidelberg)
134e ACEA 8,9 APR pad 22,5 —
(Heidelberg)
5.2 Abdomen
5.2.1 Abdomen requirement 1 — Drop tests
See Tables 12 to 14.
Table 12 — Test results from [11]
Test No. AGE Drop Impact Arm Armrest n AIS EuroSID BioSID
FR abdo
height surface position height reference reference
on impact (internal
(m) (mm)
side
organ)
(ribs 8 to 12)
APR205 62 1 hardwood 20° fwd. 31 0 0 212a 213a
APR219 68 1 hard
...