ISO 12856-2:2020
(Main)Railway applications — Polymeric composite sleepers, bearers and transoms — Part 2: Product testing
Railway applications — Polymeric composite sleepers, bearers and transoms — Part 2: Product testing
This document specifies various test methods to ensure the performance of polymeric composite and reinforced polymeric composite sleepers, bearers and transoms for use in tracks. It is applicable to the sleepers, bearers and transoms to be installed in tracks with or without a ballast.
Applications ferroviaires — Traverses, supports et transoms et composite à matrice polymère — Partie 2: Essais de produit
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12856-2
First edition
2020-11
Railway applications — Polymeric
composite sleepers, bearers and
transoms —
Part 2:
Product testing
Applications ferroviaires — Traverses et supports en matériaux
composites à matrice polymère —
Partie 2: Essais de produit
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 1
5 Product characteristics . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Bending resistance . 3
5.2.1 Test arrangements . 3
5.2.2 Initial reference test loads .10
5.2.3 Test procedures at the centre section for the negative bending moments .10
5.2.4 Test procedures at the centre section for the positive bending moments .14
5.2.5 Test procedures at the rail seat .18
5.3 Tests with geometric ballast plate (GBP) or with flat plate (FP) at rail seat .21
5.3.1 Stiffness with GBP or with FP at rail seat .21
5.3.2 Compression test with GBP or with FP at rail seat .21
5.4 Thermal expansion .22
5.4.1 Principle .22
5.4.2 Apparatus .22
5.4.3 Procedure .23
5.5 Interface between the rail and the sleeper .24
5.5.1 Permanent deformation of screw/insert as a function of temperature .24
5.5.2 Fastening system .26
5.5.3 Electrical resistance .27
5.5.4 Screw, spike, cast-in and glued-in fastening components .27
5.6 Fire . .27
5.7 System Test .27
Annex A (informative) Geometric ballast plate (GBP) .28
Annex B (informative) Test procedures for stiffness measurement of polymeric composite
sleeper or bearer with GBP .31
Annex C (informative) Test procedures for stiffness measurement of polymeric composite
sleeper with flat plate (FP) .38
Annex D (informative) System test .39
Bibliography .42
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 269, Railway applications, Subcommittee
SC 1, Infrastructure.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12856 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This document is used as the technical basis for transactions between corresponding parties (purchaser
– supplier).
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12856-2:2020(E)
Railway applications — Polymeric composite sleepers,
bearers and transoms —
Part 2:
Product testing
1 Scope
This document specifies various test methods to ensure the performance of polymeric composite and
reinforced polymeric composite sleepers, bearers and transoms for use in tracks. It is applicable to the
sleepers, bearers and transoms to be installed in tracks with or without a ballast.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines — Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system
1)
ISO 12856-3:— , Railway applications — Polymeric composite sleepers, bearers and transoms — Part 3:
General requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12856-3 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviated terms listed in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols
Symbol/
Abbrevi- Description Unit
ated term
low frequency dynamic bedding modulus of polymeric composite sleeper or bearer
C N/mm
dyn
measured with GBP
static bedding modulus of polymeric composite sleeper or bearer measured with ge-
C N/mm
max
ometric ballast plate (GBP)
d acceptable displacement of fatigue test as a maintenance policy mm
fat,lim
d deformation of the sleeper in the compression test under F mm
0c r0
1) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 12856-3:2020.
Table 1 (continued)
Symbol/
Abbrevi- Description Unit
ated term
d deformation of the sleeper in the compression test under k × F mm
1c 1s r0
d upper limit deformation related to the exceptional test load mm
1s,lim
d deformation of the sleeper in the compression test under k × F mm
2c 2s r0
d upper limit deformation related to the accidental test load mm
2s,lim
variation of static and dynamic stiffness before and after the fatigue test at the centre
Δk MN/m
c
section for positive bending moments
variation of static and dynamic stiffness before and after the fatigue test at the centre
Δk MN/m
c,n
section for negative bending moments
the variation of static and dynamic stiffness before and after the fatigue test at the
Δk MN/m
r
rail seat
design distance between the centre line of the rail seat to the longitudinal girders of
e m
bridge
E thickness of ballast bed in a ballast box mm
S
F positive test load at the centre section of the sleeper kN
c
F positive initial test load at the centre section of the sleeper kN
c0
F negative test load at the centre section of the sleeper kN
c,n
F positive fatigue test load at the centre section of the sleeper kN
c,fat
F negative fatigue test load at the centre section of the sleeper kN
c,fat,n
constant load applied for permanent deformation test at the centre section for negative
F kN
c,perm,n
bending moments
FP flat plate n/a
F positive test load for the rail seat section kN
r
F maximum positive test load at the rail seat section which cannot be increased kN
rB
F positive fatigue test load for the rail seat section kN
r,fat
F positive initial reference test load for the rail seat section kN
r0
GBP geometric ballast plate n/a
k low frequency dynamic stiffness on 10 cycles under applying a cyclic force of F (= MN/m
c,dyn1 c,min
0,1 · F ) to F (= 0,5 · F ) at (5 ±1) Hz for 1 000 cycles
c0 c,test1 c0
k Low frequency dynamic stiffness on 10 cycles under applying a cyclic force of F (= MN/m
c,dyn2 c,min
0,1 · F ) to F (= F ) at (5 ±1) Hz for 1 000 cycles
c0 c,test2 c0
static stiffness of the fifth loading at the centre section for negative bending loads be-
k MN/m
c,n,stat1
tween (0.1· F ) and (0.5 · F )
c0,n c0,n
static stiffness of the fifth loading at the centre section for negative bending loads be-
k MN/m
c,n,stat2
tween (0.1 · F ) and F
c0,n c0,n
low frequency dynamic stiffness of polymeric composite sleeper or bearer measured
k MN/m
dyn
with GBP
k static stiffness of polymeric composite sleeper or bearer measured with GBP MN/m
max
low frequency dynamic stiffness on 10 cycles under applying a cyclic force of F (=
r,min
k MN/m
r,dyn1
0,1 · F ) to F (= 0,5 · F ) at (5 ±1) Hz for 1 000 cy
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12856-2
First edition
2020-11
Railway applications — Polymeric
composite sleepers, bearers and
transoms —
Part 2:
Product testing
Applications ferroviaires — Traverses et supports en matériaux
composites à matrice polymère —
Partie 2: Essais de produit
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 1
5 Product characteristics . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Bending resistance . 3
5.2.1 Test arrangements . 3
5.2.2 Initial reference test loads .10
5.2.3 Test procedures at the centre section for the negative bending moments .10
5.2.4 Test procedures at the centre section for the positive bending moments .14
5.2.5 Test procedures at the rail seat .18
5.3 Tests with geometric ballast plate (GBP) or with flat plate (FP) at rail seat .21
5.3.1 Stiffness with GBP or with FP at rail seat .21
5.3.2 Compression test with GBP or with FP at rail seat .21
5.4 Thermal expansion .22
5.4.1 Principle .22
5.4.2 Apparatus .22
5.4.3 Procedure .23
5.5 Interface between the rail and the sleeper .24
5.5.1 Permanent deformation of screw/insert as a function of temperature .24
5.5.2 Fastening system .26
5.5.3 Electrical resistance .27
5.5.4 Screw, spike, cast-in and glued-in fastening components .27
5.6 Fire . .27
5.7 System Test .27
Annex A (informative) Geometric ballast plate (GBP) .28
Annex B (informative) Test procedures for stiffness measurement of polymeric composite
sleeper or bearer with GBP .31
Annex C (informative) Test procedures for stiffness measurement of polymeric composite
sleeper with flat plate (FP) .38
Annex D (informative) System test .39
Bibliography .42
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 269, Railway applications, Subcommittee
SC 1, Infrastructure.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12856 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This document is used as the technical basis for transactions between corresponding parties (purchaser
– supplier).
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12856-2:2020(E)
Railway applications — Polymeric composite sleepers,
bearers and transoms —
Part 2:
Product testing
1 Scope
This document specifies various test methods to ensure the performance of polymeric composite and
reinforced polymeric composite sleepers, bearers and transoms for use in tracks. It is applicable to the
sleepers, bearers and transoms to be installed in tracks with or without a ballast.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines — Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system
1)
ISO 12856-3:— , Railway applications — Polymeric composite sleepers, bearers and transoms — Part 3:
General requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12856-3 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviated terms listed in Table 1 apply.
Table 1 — Symbols
Symbol/
Abbrevi- Description Unit
ated term
low frequency dynamic bedding modulus of polymeric composite sleeper or bearer
C N/mm
dyn
measured with GBP
static bedding modulus of polymeric composite sleeper or bearer measured with ge-
C N/mm
max
ometric ballast plate (GBP)
d acceptable displacement of fatigue test as a maintenance policy mm
fat,lim
d deformation of the sleeper in the compression test under F mm
0c r0
1) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 12856-3:2020.
Table 1 (continued)
Symbol/
Abbrevi- Description Unit
ated term
d deformation of the sleeper in the compression test under k × F mm
1c 1s r0
d upper limit deformation related to the exceptional test load mm
1s,lim
d deformation of the sleeper in the compression test under k × F mm
2c 2s r0
d upper limit deformation related to the accidental test load mm
2s,lim
variation of static and dynamic stiffness before and after the fatigue test at the centre
Δk MN/m
c
section for positive bending moments
variation of static and dynamic stiffness before and after the fatigue test at the centre
Δk MN/m
c,n
section for negative bending moments
the variation of static and dynamic stiffness before and after the fatigue test at the
Δk MN/m
r
rail seat
design distance between the centre line of the rail seat to the longitudinal girders of
e m
bridge
E thickness of ballast bed in a ballast box mm
S
F positive test load at the centre section of the sleeper kN
c
F positive initial test load at the centre section of the sleeper kN
c0
F negative test load at the centre section of the sleeper kN
c,n
F positive fatigue test load at the centre section of the sleeper kN
c,fat
F negative fatigue test load at the centre section of the sleeper kN
c,fat,n
constant load applied for permanent deformation test at the centre section for negative
F kN
c,perm,n
bending moments
FP flat plate n/a
F positive test load for the rail seat section kN
r
F maximum positive test load at the rail seat section which cannot be increased kN
rB
F positive fatigue test load for the rail seat section kN
r,fat
F positive initial reference test load for the rail seat section kN
r0
GBP geometric ballast plate n/a
k low frequency dynamic stiffness on 10 cycles under applying a cyclic force of F (= MN/m
c,dyn1 c,min
0,1 · F ) to F (= 0,5 · F ) at (5 ±1) Hz for 1 000 cycles
c0 c,test1 c0
k Low frequency dynamic stiffness on 10 cycles under applying a cyclic force of F (= MN/m
c,dyn2 c,min
0,1 · F ) to F (= F ) at (5 ±1) Hz for 1 000 cycles
c0 c,test2 c0
static stiffness of the fifth loading at the centre section for negative bending loads be-
k MN/m
c,n,stat1
tween (0.1· F ) and (0.5 · F )
c0,n c0,n
static stiffness of the fifth loading at the centre section for negative bending loads be-
k MN/m
c,n,stat2
tween (0.1 · F ) and F
c0,n c0,n
low frequency dynamic stiffness of polymeric composite sleeper or bearer measured
k MN/m
dyn
with GBP
k static stiffness of polymeric composite sleeper or bearer measured with GBP MN/m
max
low frequency dynamic stiffness on 10 cycles under applying a cyclic force of F (=
r,min
k MN/m
r,dyn1
0,1 · F ) to F (= 0,5 · F ) at (5 ±1) Hz for 1 000 cy
...
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