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ISO/IEC DGuide 79 - Gender responsive standards — Guidance for standards developers

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Overview

ISO/IEC DGuide 79: Gender Responsive Standards - Guidance for Standards Developers is a draft international guide developed by ISO and IEC to assist standards developers in considering gender-related aspects throughout the standards development process. This guidance was created in response to global efforts, such as the UNECE Declaration on Gender Responsive Standards, to ensure standards provide equitable benefits irrespective of gender and take into account both physical and socially constructed differences.

This guide aims to embed gender responsiveness into every stage of standards creation and revision, directly supporting diversity, equality, and inclusiveness in products, processes, and services standardized worldwide.

Key Topics

  • Definition of gender responsive standards: Standards that reflect an understanding of gender differences and address the needs of all genders equally.
  • Role of standards developers: All members involved in standards drafting or updating are responsible for identifying and including relevant gender considerations.
  • Identifying gender implications: Developers are encouraged to assess both physiological (e.g., body composition, strength, health response) and socially constructed roles (e.g., access to resources, caregiving responsibilities) that may affect standard outcomes.
  • Sex- and gender-disaggregated data: Emphasizes the necessity of using data separated by sex or gender identity to detect differences and potential unintended impacts.
  • Quality and assessment of data: Covers methods for evaluating data sources, validity, sample size, representativeness, and possible limitations or biases.
  • Procedural support: Includes a practical assessment form and action plan for integrating gender considerations, review cycles, and justifications for revision when gender aspects are insufficiently addressed.

Applications

ISO/IEC DGuide 79 has practical application across all sectors and technical areas addressed by ISO and IEC standards, including:

  • Safety and ergonomics: Ensuring variations in physical characteristics and health risks are represented, such as with crash test dummies or protective equipment that fits different body types.
  • Consumer goods and services: Considering usage patterns and preferences, often influenced by gender roles, when developing household appliance standards or clothing sizing.
  • Health and medical informatics: Recognizing the impact of sex and gender on medical records, data collection, and care delivery standards.
  • ICT and user interfaces: Addressing gender differences in biometric authentication, voice recognition, and access to information technology.
  • Work environment and social responsibility: Incorporating gender equality in organizational practices, access to opportunities, and stakeholder engagement.
  • AI and emerging technologies: Evaluating bias in artificial intelligence systems and machine learning tasks, where gender-related data and usage must be considered to avoid reinforcement of stereotypes.

Committees and technical working groups are advised to initiate the gender assessment at the outset of every new or revised standard, revisit it at key development stages, and use the findings to guide documentation and decision-making.

Related Standards

Standards developers seeking to enhance gender responsiveness should reference the following documents and frameworks alongside ISO/IEC DGuide 79:

  • UNECE Declaration on Gender Responsive Standards and Standards Development: Provides the foundational rationale and framework for international gender-responsive standards work.
  • ISO 53800:2024 - Guidelines for the promotion and implementation of gender equality: Details principles for gender equality in organizations.
  • ISO 15535:2023 - General requirements for establishing anthropometric databases: Essential for collecting representative physical data.
  • ISO 13688:2013/Amd 1:2021 - Protective clothing, including gender considerations.
  • ISO/IEC 30122-2:2017 - Information Technology User Interfaces - Voice Commands: Addresses voice recognition standards sensitive to gender.
  • ISO/IEC TR 24027:2021 - Artificial Intelligence - Bias in AI systems: Outlines the treatment of bias, including gender, in AI applications.
  • ISO 26000:2010 - Guidance on social responsibility: References inclusiveness and gender in organizational contexts.

For additional resources, committees are encouraged to consult national statistical databases and international organizations such as the World Bank, OECD, and WHO to acquire reliable, sex- and gender-disaggregated data.

By employing ISO/IEC DGuide 79, standards developers can foster more equitable, inclusive, and effective international standards, making a significant impact on technology, safety, commerce, and society globally.

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Frequently Asked Questions

ISO/IEC DGuide 79 is a draft published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Gender responsive standards — Guidance for standards developers". This standard covers: Gender responsive standards — Guidance for standards developers

Gender responsive standards — Guidance for standards developers

ISO/IEC DGuide 79 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 01.120 - Standardization. General rules. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

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ISO/IEC DGuide 79
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Gender responsive standards —
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DRAFT
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ISO/IEC DGuide 79
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Gender responsive standards —
Secretariat: ISO
Guidance for standards developers
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© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/IEC DGuide 79
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 What are gender responsive standards? . 4
5 Role of standards developers . 4
6 Identifying and assessing gender implications . 4
6.1 General . 4
6.2 Physical or physiological differences . 5
6.3 Socially constructed roles . 5
7 Importance of sex and gender-disaggregated data . 12
8 Considerations when assessing data . 13
8.1 General . 13
8.2 Data Source . 13
8.3 Processing/analysis validity and quality . 14
8.4 Face validity . 14
8.5 Sample size . 14
8.6 Representativeness of the sample . 14
8.7 Timeliness . 14
8.8 Data limitations . 15
9 What if sex and/or gender disaggregated data is not available? . 15
10 Taking action – making standards gender responsive . 16
11 Conclusion . 16
Bibliography . 20

© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO/IEC DGuide 79
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or
www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the
use of (a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any
claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO and IEC had
not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However,
implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained
from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents and https://patents.iec.ch. ISO and IEC shall
not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.

This document was prepared by the ISO/IEC Joint Strategic Advisory Group on Gender Responsive
Standards.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.
© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
iv
ISO/IEC DGuide 79
Introduction
On 19 May 2019, ISO and IEC signed the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)
[1]
Declaration on Gender Responsive Standards and Standards Development, pledging to make
standards and the standards development process gender responsive. The UNECE Declaration
recognizes that currently women are not as well-served by standards as men. The declaration
encourages standards development organizations of all types to create gender responsive standards
(GRS) and standards development environments. The Declaration and its implementation aim to
provide a practical framework for standards bodies and standards developers seeking to make the
standards they develop, and the standards development process they follow, gender responsive.
In response to the UNECE Declaration, and as part of ISO and IEC’s respective gender and diversity
action plans, the Joint Strategic Advisory Group (JSAG) was established to develop guidance to help
technical committees ensure the standards they are developing are gender responsive.
Enabling gender equality in standards and standards development is a complex challenge requiring
action on different elements of the system and process and the complexity is compounded by the
breadth and depth of subjects covered through standardization. The focus of this document is
specifically on enabling the development of gender responsive standards. The guide is intentionally
broad so that it is applicable regardless of the subject matter and it is meant to generate meaningful
discussions within the committee to support standard developers as they work to ensure their
standards are gender responsive.
All committees should apply this document, make use of the accompanying assessment form (Annex A)
and complete the declaration form (Annex B).

© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
v
ISO/IEC DGuide 79
Gender responsive standards — Guidance for technical committees
1 Scope
This document provides guidance to standards developers on how to consider gender in the drafting, revision
and updating of ISO and IEC standards and similar deliverables. It provides an assessment form and other
tools and information which can be used to ensure standards are gender responsive.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/

3.1
gender
continually evolving social construct codifying expected behaviours, social and cultural norms
used to define and describe roles and individuals in a society, often reduced to concepts of femininity and
masculinity (i.e. what it means to be a woman and/or a man) despite the diversity (spectrum) of genders

Note 1 to entry: Gender varies from one society to another, and is based on cultural, economic and historical
contexts.
3.2
gender responsive standard
GRS
standard that reflects an understanding of differences and equally addresses the needs of women/females and
men/males
3.3
standards developer
individual or group taking part in any activity throughout the development of standards or similar
deliverables
3.4
gender equality
equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities for women and men and girls and boys
Note 1 to entry: Gender equality does not mean that women and men, girls and boys, will become the same
but that women’s and men’s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are a
man or a woman.
Note 2 to entry: Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and girls, men
and boys, are taken into consideration, recognizing them in all their diversity.
© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC DGuide 79
[2]
[SOURCE: ISO 53800:2024, 3.4, modified – note 1 to entry has been modified.]

3.5
standardization
activity of establishing, with regard to actual or potential problems, provisions for common and repeated
use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context

Note 1 to entry: Important benefits of standardization are improvement of the suitability of products,
processes and services for their intended purposes, prevention of barriers to trade and facilitation of
technological cooperation.
Note 2 to entry: In particular, the activity consists of the processes of formulating, issuing and implementing
standards.
[3]
[SOURCE:ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004, 1.1]

3.6
gender implications
effect that the content and use of a standard will have on men and women, including social structures,
individual experiences, physical and mental health, policy design, etc.

3.8
sex
assigned sex at birth and/or one’s physical attributes which includes a combination of hormones,
chromosomes, physiology and anatomy

3.9
physiological
relating to the way in which the bodies of living things work

3.10
socially constructed
concept or idea that is created and accepted by a society, and is not based on any natural or innate source

3.11
anthropometry
study and measurement of the physical dimensions and mass of the human body and its constituent (external)
parts
[4]
3.6]
[SOURCE: ISO 15535:2023,
3.12
social responsibilities
responsibility of an organization for the impacts of its decisions and activities on society and the environment,
through transparent and ethical behaviour that:
— contributes to sustainable development, inclusiveness, health and the welfare of society;
— takes into account the expectations of stakeholders;
— is in compliance with applicable law and consistent with international norms of behaviour;
— is integrated throughout the organization and practised in its relationships
© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC DGuide 79
Note 1 to entry: Activities include products, services and processes.
Note 2 to entry: Relationships refer to an organization's activities within its sphere of influence.
Note 3 to entry: Includes activities on members and workforce of organizations.
Note 4 to entry: Social responsibility includes gender equality.
[5]
[SOURCE: ISO 26000:2010, 2.18, modified — the word "inclusivity" has been added, as well as Notes 3 and
4 to entry.]
3.13
bias
tendency, inclination or opinion that hinders impartial judgement
Note 1 to entry: Bias can be both explicit and implicit.
Note 2 to entry: Bias can be unconscious, conscious or systematic.
Note 3 to entry: Bias can lead to differences in treatment between people or groups in comparison with others.
[6]
[SOURCE: ISO 30400:2022, 3.7.2]

3.14
sex-disaggregated data
data that is collected, categorized and presented separately based on sex, allowing for the measurement of
differences between males and females
Note 1 to entry: It is the responsibility of the committee to determine whether it is more relevant to distinguish
in terms of sex or gender disaggregated data, or both, on a case-by-case basis.

3.15
Gender-disaggregated data
data that is collected, categorized and presented separately based on gender identity, allowing for the
measurement of differences between different gender identities
Note 1 to entry: It is the responsibility of the committee to determine whether it is more relevant to distinguish
in terms of sex or gender disaggregated data, or both, on a case-by-case basis.

3.16
data
representation of information in a manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by
human beings or computers
[7]
[SOURCE:ISO 10303-2:2024, 3.1.207 modified — “formal” has been removed from definition]

3.17
data source
where the data comes from and who collected it

© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC DGuide 79
3.18
diversity
characteristics of differences and similarities between people
Note 1 to entry: Diversity includes factors that influence the identities and perspectives that people bring
when interacting .
Note 2 to entry: Diversity can support the development of environments and practices that
foster learning from others to gain diverse perspectives on inclusiveness.
Note 3 to entry: Diversity dimensions include the demographic and other personal characteristics , for
example age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, race, colour, nationality, ethnic or
national origin, religion or belief, as well as characteristics related to the socio-economic context. These are
often identified and agreed-upon dimensions, which can be associated with legal requirements in different
jurisdictions.
[6]
[SOURCE: ISO 30400:2022, 3.7.1, modified — “at work” has been removed from note 1 to entry; “the
workforce” has been removed from note 2 to entry.]
4 What are gender responsive standards?
Gender responsive standards, and similar deliverables, are developed with consideration for gender
implications in the content, requirements, and application of standards. When developing standards, or other
similar deliverables, developers should identify relevant differences based on both sex and gender and
determine how to address the implications of those differences in the standard. There are
physical/physiological differences as well as social and cultural constructs defining roles and expectations for
women and men that standards developers need to consider. Taking such factors into account will ensure that
both women’s and men’s needs for the specified product, process, system or service are equally met by the
standard.
5 Role of standards developers
All standard developers have an important role in shaping the direction, the scope and content of standards
and guiding the development process and thus, all standards developers have a role to play in ensuring that
standards are gender responsive. It is essential to ensure standards developers have ongoing discussions on
gender implications throughout the standards development process. These discussions should begin at the
earliest stage of the standards development process and continue through all other stages of development to
ensure the final standard can effectively address gender considerations.
6 Identifying and assessing gender implications
6.1 General
Standard developers should start with the assumption that sex and gender differences will have implications
for their standards’ content. Starting with this assumption can enable a more robust examination to determine
how sex and gender differences impact (or are relevant to) can enable a more robust examination to determine
how these differences impact (are/or relevant to) the standard(s) under development and what actions
should be taken to ensure the standard equally meets the needs of men and women.
EXAMPLE When in a car accident, women are 73 % more likely to be seriously injured or die than men. This is
because crash test dummies are based on male’s anthropometry. While overall safety of cars has improved, the
improvement has been greater for men than women, because cars are not required to be tested with an equivalent female
crash test dummy. Failure to account for women in the design, results in worse outcomes for women in the final
[8]
product.
© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC DGuide 79
It is essential to determine whether a standard functions, performs, and/or impacts women and men
differently to be able to ensure the standard is gender responsive.
6.2 Physical or physiological differences
Some of the most common physical or physiological sex differences that would merit consideration by
standards developers include, but are not limited to:
 Physical strength (e.g. grip strength)
 Anthropometrics
 Hormones
 Skin thickness
 Body fat percentage
 Voice/ facial recognition
 Centre of gravity
 Pregnancy/breastfeeding
 Menstruation / menopause
 Reactions to chemicals/pollutants
 Gender differences in ageing
 Metabolic rates
EXAMPLE When exposed to the same dose of radiation, females are at a greater risk of developing, and
subsequently dying, from cancer than males. Because of physiological differences, females are at a greater risk of
developing cancer than males even if acceptable exposure levels are lowered. Consequently, when developing a standard,
it is worth considering that equal outcomes are not always possible, however an examination of gender differences can
[9]
allow for a consideration of what is acceptable for each gender.
6.3 Socially constructed roles
Beyond the physical/physiological characteristics, standards developers should also consider other
differences between women and men due to socially constructed roles or expectations, such as:
 Power/authority dynamics in the home and public domains (e.g. who is most likely to be seen as
or be the decision-maker; who is most likely to have or be seen to have control).
 Work environments (i.e. who is most likely to be occupying more junior roles; are there roles
that are typically seen as women’s or men’s roles; gender inequalities in leadership, promotion,
pay or recruitment; will the structure, or terms or conditions of work equally enable access to
work for both men and women).
 Behavioral or cultural differences (i.e. dress codes, access to banking or financial services,
education, freedom of movement).
 Social responsibilities (i.e. elder care, childcare).

Socially constructed roles and expectations will vary within and between countries, regions, socio-economic
groups, religious groups, etc. Standards developers should strive to identify and understand the implications
[10]
of these types of gender differences and how a culture influences gender norms. This will help standards
developers understand the implications of such gender differences and norms for the standard(s) they are
developing and apply this to ensure the standard(s) are gender responsive.

EXAMPLE To understand how gender and sex can impact a standard, we can consider the example of cookstoves. In
[11]
2018, ISO released guidance on cookstoves (ISO 19867-1) . ISO collaborated with the Global Alliance for Clean
© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC DGuide 79
[12]
Cookstoves to improve safety and efficiency. Cookstoves fueled by solid fuels (i.e. coal, dung, etc.) and kerosene are a
major contributor to indoor pollution. Indoor pollution is estimated to be responsible for 3.8 million premature deaths
[13] [13]
annually. Women and children are disproportionately impacted by household pollution. Due to gendered cultural
norms women often spend more time on food preparation, increasing their exposure to harmful pollution. Moreover,
[14]
research has shown that due to physiological differences pollution poses a greater health threat to women than men.
This gender difference is taken into account in the standards for field testing the impact and performance of cookstoves,
where the standard user is directed to document the division of cooking tasks between women and men as part of the
[15]
impact assessment (see ISO 19869:2019, 11.4.1). In the case of cookstoves, sex and gender differences put women at
[16]
greater risk . Gender differences are further accounted for in the guidelines for social impact assessment of clean
cookstoves and clean cooking solutions, where extensive guidance is provided for the integration of gender analysis into
cookstove and household energy projects.

6.4 Gender Responsive Assessment Form
To support standards developers in identifying and assessing gender implications, a gender responsive
assessment form has been developed (see Annex A). The results of the assessment will be one of the following:
 The committee has identified that there are sex and/or gender differences (that can range from limited
to significant) the standard must address.
 The committee has determined that there are no relevant sex and/or gender differences at this time.
 The committee has determined that there is insufficient data at this time to incorporate gender
considerations. However, this should be revisited as new data becomes available.
The process of completing the assessment form and the results will enable standards developers to better
understand what action needs to be taken to ensure their deliverable is gender responsive. The form should
be completed at the earliest stage of the standards development process and should be revisited at key stages
of the process to ensure that initial findings are still valid.
The assessment form can be applied to new standards as well as to already published standards (i.e. during a
periodic review). The fact that standards that have already been published does not mean that gender
differences were effectively or equitably addressed. Additionally, lack of equitably addressing the implications
of sex and/or gender differences is sufficient justification for revision of the standard.
Figure 1 outlines the process for assessing gender-responsiveness which is further detailed in the GRS
Assessment Form.
© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC DGuide 79
Figure 1  Process for Assessing Gender Responsiveness in Standards

Table 1 presents case studies on standards and similar deliverables where gender considerations have been
addressed. The information provided is relevant as of the date of publication of this document.

© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC DGuide 79
Table 1  GRS Case Studies
Technical Standard Gender consideration Overview of gender
Committee addressed considerations
IEC TC/61 IEC 60335-2- Physical strength • IEC 60335-2-15 deals with
[17]
15:2024, the safety of electrical
Anthropometrics
appliances for heating
Household and
Voice recognition
liquids for household and
similar electrical
similar purposes.
appliances - Safety
• Standard considers
- Part 2-15:
vulnerable persons,
Particular
including elderly population,
requirements for
youth, and most recently
appliances for
gender differences.
heating liquids
• Consideration of social roles,
as women are usually
primary users of household
appliances, and make
important decision of
purchasing these products.
• Considering include test
probes used for assessment
of products include
anthropometric
considerations and gender
differences.
IEC TC/92 IEC 60318- Anthropometrics
• IEC 60318-7 defines a
[18]
7:2022
manikin with dimensions
corresponding to a median
Revision of IEC
human adult and it is
60318-7,
recognized that a gender-
Electroacoustics -
neutral model may not
Simulators of
capture acoustic variations
human head and
between male and female
ear - Part 7: Head
users caused by differences
and torso simulator
in their anatomy.
for the
Anatomical differences also
measurement of
occur across ethnicity.
sound sources
• This can impose limitations
close to the ear
in evaluating sound sources
close to the ear, as
anatomical differences, such
as manikin size, and in
particular pinna and ear
canal size and angle, are
known to affect acoustic
measurements and thereby
the performance of these
devices across genders.
• The WG/TC will consider
gender responsiveness
during the development
© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC DGuide 79
process, but sufficient data
is not available at the time of
the revision.
• WG/TC is exploring how
future work can define
gender-dependent
anthropomorphic ear
simulator sizes in addition
to the average human size in
future revisions of the
standard.
IEC TC/106 IEC/IEEE 62704-1: Anthropometrics • Numerical models and
[19]
2017, calculations for human
Determining the exposure to electric,
peak spatial- magnetic, and
average specific
electromagnetic fields.
absorption rate
• These models support
(SAR) in the human
testing of products where
body from wireless
there is a lack of volunteers.
communications
• Development of these
devices, 30 MHz to
numerical models has
6 GHz - Part 1:
allowed the committee to
General
develop models for the full
requirements for
population, including
using the finite
differences in gender, size,
difference time-
age, etc.
domain (FDTD)
• The numerical model
method for SAR
reviews how
calculations
electromagnetic fields travel
through different bodies.
IEC/IEEE 62704-2:
[20]
2017, Specific
requirements for
finite difference
time domain
(FDTD) modelling
of exposure from
vehicle mounted
antennas
IEC/IEEE 62704-3:
[21]
2017, Specific
requirements for
using the finite
difference time
domain (FDTD)
method for SAR
calculations of
mobile phones
© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC DGuide 79
IEC/IEEE 62704-4:
[22]
2020, General
requirements for
using the finite
element method
for SAR
calculations
ISO/TC/133 (Clothing ISO 8559-2:2025, Anthropometrics • Different sizing systems in
[23]
sizing systems - size  different companies mean
designation, size that different size
Size designation of
measurement
designations can fit people
clothes — Part 2:
methods and digital
with identical or very
Primary and
fittings)
similar body measurements.
secondary
• Reference document for an
dimension
international size
indicators
designation system for
different types of garments.
• Committee ensured that the
principle to establish a table
listing the primary and
secondary body dimensions
for most of the garments
intended for sectors divided
in men, women, boys' and
girls' sectors
[24]
ISO/TC 94/SC 13 ISO 13688:
...