ISO 14907-1:2026

• Abstract:

  This document specifies the test procedures for roadside equipment (RSE and on-board equipment (OBE for electronic fee collection (EFC) with regard to conformance to standards and requirements for type approval and acceptance testing. The scope of this document is restricted to systems operating within the radio emission, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations, traffic, and other regulations of the regions in which they are operated. This document identifies a set of suitable parameters and provides test procedures to enable the proof of a complete EFC system, as well as components of an EFC system, e.g. OBE, related to the defined requirements of an application. The defined parameter and tests are assigned to the following groups of parameters: functionality; quality; referenced pre-tests. This document describes procedures, methods and tools, and a test plan which shows the relation between all tests and the sequence of these tests. It lists all tests that are required to measure the performance of EFC equipment. It describes which EFC equipment is covered by the test procedures; the values of the parameters to be tested are not included. It also describes how the tests are intended to be performed, and which tools and prerequisites are necessary before this series of tests can be undertaken. It is assumed that the security of the system is inherent in the communications and EFC functionality tests, therefore they are not addressed in this document. All tests in this document provide instructions on how to evaluate the test results. This document defines only the tests and test procedures, not the benchmark values against which they are intended to be measured. The test procedures defined in this document can be used as input, e.g. by scheme owners, for prototype testing, type approvals, tests of installations and periodic inspections. Related to a conceptual model of an EFC system, this document relates only to the equipment of the user and the service provider. EFC systems for DSRC consist, in principle, of a group of technical components, which in combination fulfil the functions required for the collection of fees by electronic automatic means. These components comprise all, or most, of the following: OBE within a vehicle; OBE containing the communications and computing sub-functions; optional integrated circuit card which can carry electronic money, service rights, and other secured information; communication between OBE and RSE based on DSRC; equipment for the fee collection at the RSE containing the communications and computing sub-functions; equipment for the enforcement at the roadside; central equipment for the administration and operation of the system. The scope of this document relates solely to OBE and RSE and the DSRC interface between OBE and RSE including its functions to perform the fee collection. All the equipment used for enforcement (e.g. detection, classification, localization, and registration) and central equipment are outside the scope of this document.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 26-Oct-2026
• ICS: 35.240.60 - IT applications in transport
• ICS: 43.040.15 - Car informatics. On board computer systems
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 204 - Intelligent transport systems
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 204/WG 5 - Fee and toll collection
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 27-Oct-2026
• Completion Date: 27-Oct-2026

• Consolidates: prEN ISO 14907-1 - Electronic fee collection - Test procedures for user and fixed equipment - Part 1: Description of test procedures (ISO/DIS 14907-1:2025)
• Effective Date: 26-Sep-2026
• Consolidates: EN ISO 14907-1:2020 - Electronic fee collection - Test procedures for user and fixed equipment - Part 1: Description of test procedures (ISO 14907-1:2020)
• Effective Date: 12-Feb-2026
• Consolidates: ISO 11666:2018 - Non-destructive testing of welds — Ultrasonic testing — Acceptance levels
• Effective Date: 30-Aug-2025
• Revises: ISO 14907-1:2020 - Electronic fee collection — Test procedures for user and fixed equipment — Part 1: Description of test procedures
• Effective Date: 26-Jul-2025

ISO 14907-1:2026 is an ISO International Standard for electronic fee collection (EFC). It specifies test procedures for roadside equipment (RSE) and on-board equipment (OBE) used with dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), for type approval and acceptance testing. The document tells engineers, operators and test houses what to test, how to test it and how to judge the results, but it does not set benchmark values.

What does ISO 14907-1:2026 specify?

ISO 14907-1:2026 specifies test procedures for RSE and OBE in EFC systems, within the radio emission, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), traffic and other regional regulations that apply where the equipment is used. It focuses on DSRC-based fee collection and on proving a complete EFC system or selected components against the requirements of a defined application.

The scope is limited to user and service-provider equipment and the DSRC interface between them. Enforcement equipment and central system equipment are outside the scope, and manual payment methods are outside the scope as well.

The document is organized into these main parts:

• Clause 5 - test parameters and test procedures for EFC
• Clause 6 - inspection and tests
• Clause 7 - evaluation and certification
• Annexes A to I - guidance, examples, methods and supporting material

Annex	What it covers
Annex A	Guidance on how to use the document
Annex B	Traffic, vehicle and other performance tests
Annex C	Reliability/availability tests
Annex D	Classes of equipment
Annex E	Examples of statistical calculations
Annex F	Referenced pre-tests based on European test procedures
Annex G	Test methods and tools
Annex H	Examples of EFC scenarios
Annex I	Referenced pre-tests based on Japanese test procedures

What are the key requirements of ISO 14907-1:2026?

ISO 14907-1:2026 organizes EFC testing into referenced pre-tests, functionality tests and quality tests. Clause 5 and Tables 1 to 3 are the core planning tools: they show which parameters matter, which tests are basic or conditional, and which test types are suitable. In practice, this means a test house or operator does not start from a blank sheet - the standard gives a structured test plan.

Pre-tests first

Clause 6.1 and Table 1 require pre-tests for DSRC, environment and EMC, using references to existing standards or technical specifications. These tests check that the communication layers, environmental robustness and electromagnetic behaviour are already acceptable before deeper system testing starts.

That matters because a system can only be meaningfully assessed for EFC performance if the basic radio, environmental and EMC conditions are in place. Annex F and Annex I give examples of how those pre-tests can be linked to European and Japanese procedures.

Functionality tests cover real operation

Clause 6.2 and Table 2 define the main functionality tests for communication, the EFC application, traffic conditions, vehicle characteristics and environmental influences. The traffic tests include items such as vehicle spacing, speed, lane changing, shadowing, free flow, restricted flow and traffic volume. The vehicle tests cover geometry, windscreen effects, antenna mounting and OBE behaviour, while the environmental tests cover pavement width, number of lanes, topography, water, dust, temperature, humidity, daylight and weather.

The practical point is that the equipment is not only checked in ideal conditions. It is checked under the kinds of traffic and vehicle situations that affect DSRC performance and transaction success.

Basic and conditional tests are treated differently

Clause 5.2 states that some tests are basic and others are conditional. Basic tests are highly recommended as a foundation for meaningful evaluation, while conditional tests are only performed if the relevant feature is part of the system specification.

This matters because the standard supports different operator needs and regional operating conditions. A multilane system, for example, may need lane-changing or adjacent-lane tests, while a simpler installation may not.

The test plan must be system-specific

Clause 5.3 requires an individual test plan for each tested EFC system or component. The plan must identify the parameter and item, the related requirement, the selected test type, the required equipment, the test environment, the responsible department and the documentation to be produced.

Clause 5.4 also requires the manufacturer to supply documentation such as the system description, detailed system specification, safety and security concept, user documentation, ambient conditions, operational directives, quality assurance directives, maintenance and installation directives, and the list of related documents. In practice, this is what lets a test house reproduce the test properly and compare results across sites.

Quality and reliability are part of the assessment

Clause 6.3 and Annex C cover quality management and reliability/availability. The quality-management test points to ISO 9000-related documents and ISO 9001 compliance requirements, while the reliability/availability tests include transaction-level reliability, equipment life duration, OBE life duration, OBE battery duration and OBE smart card life duration.

This is important because EFC equipment must work over time, not only during a short demonstration. Annex C and Annex E support statistical evaluation, including confidence considerations for long-term or low-failure-rate testing.

Evaluation and certification have competence requirements

Clause 7 states that test houses or laboratories performing evaluation shall comply with ISO/IEC 17025, and certification bodies shall comply with ISO/IEC 17065. The evaluation is based on type-approval and/or acceptance-test results, and the test report or certificate must identify the equipment, the standards and regulations applied, the procedures and results, and the responsible person.

That means the standard links technical testing to an auditable conformity-assessment process. It is not just about running tests - it is also about documenting them in a form that supports evaluation and certification.

What terms does ISO 14907-1:2026 define?

ISO 14907-1:2026 uses terms from ISO 17573-2 and defines a small set of key terms for conformity assessment and testing.

• Decision - a conclusion, based on review results, that specified requirements have or have not been shown to be fulfilled.
• Review - consideration of whether the selection and determination activities, and their results, are suitable and effective for meeting specified requirements.
• Electronic fee collection equipment (EFC equipment) - equipment consisting of RSE and OBE.
• Test status - the nature of a test, either basic or conditional.
• Dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) - the short-range communication used between OBE and RSE in this document.
• On-board equipment (OBE) - the equipment in the vehicle that participates in EFC transactions.
• Roadside equipment (RSE) - the roadside equipment that communicates with OBE and supports fee collection.

Who uses ISO 14907-1:2026?

ISO 14907-1:2026 is used by manufacturers, operators and test houses. Manufacturers use it for prototype testing and for factory tests that can be compared with independent testing. Operators use it to define test programmes for their applications and to check that equipment from different suppliers can be compared on the same basis.

Test houses use it as the common test framework for assessments, acceptance testing and certification support. Scheme owners, national authorities and certification bodies also use it when they need an agreed basis for type approval, periodic inspections or certification in EFC-related services such as toll collection, road pricing, parking and individual traffic information.

What changed in ISO 14907-1:2026 from the previous edition?

ISO 14907-1:2026 replaces ISO 14907-1:2020. Compared with the first edition, the document reorganizes the test groups so they follow the usual sequence of pre-tests, functionality tests and quality tests. It also updates the terms and definitions, uses ISO 17573-2 as the primary source for harmonized EFC terminology, and revises the references.

Which standards are used with ISO 14907-1:2026?

ISO 14907-1:2026 is built around a small set of referenced standards and related parts that support testing, evaluation and terminology.

Standard	What it contributes
ISO/IEC 17025:2017	Competence requirements for test and calibration laboratories used in evaluation
ISO/IEC 17065:2012	Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes and services
ISO 17573-2	Vocabulary for vehicle-related tolling and the main source of terms
ISO 14906	EFC application interface definition for DSRC, used in the reliability and interface framework
ISO 14907-2	Conformance test for the OBU application interface, the companion part for interface testing
ISO 37444	Charging performance framework mentioned in the introduction
ISO 9000 and ISO 9001	Quality-management references used in Clause 6.3.1

What does the ISO 14907-1:2026 document contain?

ISO 14907-1:2026 contains parameter tables, test groupings, test-plan requirements and evaluation rules for EFC equipment. Clause 5 maps each test parameter to a subclause and marks it as basic or conditional, with indicators for inspection, laboratory, simulation and field testing.

Annex B gives detailed traffic, vehicle and environmental performance tests, including scenario examples for single vehicles and bulk vehicles. Annex C provides reliability and availability methods, including statistical guidance for transaction-level reliability. Annex E adds worked statistical examples for reliability estimation. Annex F and Annex I show how referenced pre-tests can be tied to European and Japanese DSRC procedures. Annex G explains the main test methods and tools and includes a protocol form, while Annex H gives example EFC scenarios used in functionality testing.

International
Standard
ISO 14907-1
Second edition
Electronic fee collection — Test
2026-10
procedures for user and fixed
equipment —
Part 1:
Description of test procedures
Reference number
© ISO 2026
All rights reserved.
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms . 3
5 Test parameters and test procedures for EFC . 3
5.1 Tests overview .3
5.1.1 General .3
5.1.2 Referenced pre-tests .4
5.1.3 Functionality tests .4
5.1.4 Quality tests .5
5.2 Parameter overview .5
5.3 Test plan .11
5.4 Required documentation .11
6 Inspection and tests .12
6.1 Referenced pre-tests . 12
6.1.1 General . 12
6.1.2 DSRC . 12
6.1.3 Environment . 12
6.1.4 EMC . 12
6.2 Functionality tests . 13
6.2.1 Communication. 13
6.2.2 EFC application . 13
6.2.3 Traffic conditions .17
6.2.4 Vehicle characteristics .18
6.2.5 Environmental influences . 20
6.3 Quality tests .21
6.3.1 Quality management .21
6.3.2 Reliability and availability .21
7 Evaluation and certification .22
7.1 Evaluation . 22
7.2 Certification . 22
Annex A (informative) Guidance on the use of this document .24
Annex B (informative) Traffic, vehicle and other performance tests .26
Annex C (informative) Reliability/availability tests .46
Annex D (informative) Classes of equipment . 51
Annex E (informative) Examples of statistical calculations.53
Annex F (informative) Examples of referenced pre-tests based on European test procedures .57
Annex G (informative) Test methods and tools .62
Annex H (informative) Examples of EFC scenarios .69
Annex I (informative) Examples of referenced pre-tests based on Japanese test procedures . 76
Bibliography .79

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems, in
collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 278,
Intelligent Transport Systems, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and
CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of ISO 14907-1:2020, which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the presentation of the different test groups has been modified to consistently reflect their typical
sequence (i.e. pre-, functionality- and quality-related tests);
— terms and definitions have been updated and ISO 17573-2 has been included as the primary source for
harmonized terminology across electronic fee collection (EFC) standards;
— the references have been revised.
A list of all parts in the ISO 14907 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
For an electronic fee collection (EFC) system, approvals and tests are required to determine whether the
system (or individual components of the system) conforms to standards and application requirements and
to enable parameters such as quality, availability, and maintainability to be measured.
This document provides a toolbox of tests and procedures for the assessment and proof of EFC systems
that they are suitable for specified EFC applications under specific operational conditions. Depending on
the system to be tested and based on available documentation and the status of previous approvals, this
document helps interested parties, such as system suppliers, operators and testing institutes, make use of
already proven references and identify parameters that still need to be tested according to the specified
intended use.
At the time of publication of this document, the determination of common system requirements for Europe
(or any other region) has not been agreed. For this reason, no specific performance requirements are set
out in this document, unless these are already determined elsewhere (such as safety or radio regulations),
but instead the most important parameters that should be included in such requirements specifications
are stated. Where reference to an existing test is available, this document provides that reference. This
document defines only the test and test procedures, not the benchmark figures that these intend to be
measured against. Benchmark figures which the systems or components under test can be compared with
and validated against will potentially form the subject of a future part of the ISO 14907 series. Within
the framework of the European Electronic Toll Service (EETS), this document can provide a basis for the
certification of the various systems' part of the EETS, in particular for assessing their suitability for use.
This document is furthermore limited to automated (electronic) payment using a standardized dedicated
short-range communication (DSRC). The scope of this document does not include manual payment,
conventional money transaction, nor payment by means of sticker, vignettes, tickets, or magnetic-stripe
cards, etc. The applications to which EFC is related are toll collection, road pricing, parking, and individual
traffic information.
This document supports groups of operators to determine common specific performance levels and operating
conditions, while allowing for regional variation where needed. It provides operating and environmental
parameters (or classes of operating and environmental parameters) within which such systems operate
without impairing interoperability.
The following guidelines have been followed when selecting the test procedures for test parameters:
— as far as possible, reference is made to existing standardized test procedures;
— the focus is placed on those tests that are essential to ensuring that EFC equipment can exchange
information and mutually use the exchanged information.
An overview of the tests and parameters provided by this document is given in 5.1 and 5.2.
A brief guide describing how to use this document is provided by Annex A.
While this document relates to general test procedures, some provisions relate specifically to test procedures
for certification purposes. Many parts of this document are relevant internationally, but adaptations can be
necessary to meet regulations outside Europe Economic Area (EEA).
ISO/TS 37444 provides an examination framework for EFC charging performance.
This document relates only to the equipment of the user and the service provider as illustrated in Figure 1.

v
Figure 1 — Conceptual model of EFC
The scope of this document relates solely to on-board equipment (OBE) and roadside equipment (RSE), and
the DSRC interface between OBE and RSE including its functions to perform the fee collection as illustrated
by Figure 2.
Figure 2 — OBE/RSE interface and associated environments

vi
International Standard ISO 14907-1:2026(en)
Electronic fee collection — Test procedures for user and fixed
equipment —
Part 1:
Description of test procedures
1 Scope
This document specifies the test procedures for roadside equipment (RSE and on-board equipment (OBE for
electronic fee collection (EFC) with regard to conformance to standards and requirements for type approval
and acceptance testing.
The scope of this document is restricted to systems operating within the radio emission, electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC) regulations, traffic, and other regulations of the regions in which they are operated.
This document identifies a set of suitable parameters and provides test procedures to enable the proof of a
complete EFC system, as well as components of an EFC system, e.g. OBE, related to the defined requirements
of an application. The defined parameter and tests are assigned to the following groups of parameters:
— functionality;
— quality;
— referenced pre-tests.
This document describes procedures, methods and tools, and a test plan which shows the relation between
all tests and the sequence of these tests. It lists all tests that are required to measure the performance
of EFC equipment. It describes which EFC equipment is covered by the test procedures; the values of the
parameters to be tested are not included. It also describes how the tests are intended to be performed, and
which tools and prerequisites are necessary before this series of tests can be undertaken. It is assumed that
the security of the system is inherent in the communications and EFC functionality tests, therefore they are
not addressed in this document. All tests in this document provide instructions on how to evaluate the test
results.
This document defines only the tests and test procedures, not the benchmark values against which they are
intended to be measured. The test procedures defined in this document can be used as input, e.g. by scheme
owners, for prototype testing, type approvals, tests of installations and periodic inspections.
Related to a conceptual model of an EFC system, this document relates only to the equipment of the user and
the service provider.
EFC systems for DSRC consist, in principle, of a group of technical components, which in combination fulfil
the functions required for the collection of fees by electronic automatic means. These components comprise
all, or most, of the following:
— OBE within a vehicle;
— OBE containing the communications and computing sub-functions;
— optional integrated circuit card which can carry electronic money, service rights, and other secured
information;
— communication between OBE and RSE based on DSRC;

— equipment for the fee collection at the RSE containing the communications and computing sub-functions;
— equipment for the enforcement at the roadside;
— central equipment for the administration and operation of the system.
The scope of this document relates solely to OBE and RSE and the DSRC interface between OBE and RSE
including its functions to perform the fee collection. All the equipment used for enforcement (e.g. detection,
classification, localization, and registration) and central equipment are outside the scope of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 17025:2017, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO/IEC 17065:2012, Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes and
services
ISO 17573-2, Electronic fee collection — System architecture for vehicle related tolling — Part 2: Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 17573-2 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
decision
conclusion based on the results of review, that fulfilment of specified requirements has or has not been
demonstrated
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 17000:2020, 7.2]
3.2
electronic fee collection equipment
EFC equipment
equipment comprising roadside equipment (RSE) and on-board equipment (OBE)
3.3
review
consideration of the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of selection and determination activities, and
the results of these activities, with regard to fulfilment of specified requirements by an object of conformity
assessment
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 17000:2020, 7.1]
3.4
test status
nature of a test, either basic or conditional
Note 1 to entry: A test labelled “conditional” is performed if, and only if, it is applicable to a feature identified in the
specification of the system or component, whereas a test labelled “basic” indicates a highly recommended test as part
of a foundation for meaningful evaluation. See 5.2.

4 Abbreviated terms
ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses
NOTE A Japanese standards development organization.
DSRC dedicated short-range communication
EAL evaluation assurance level
EEA European Economic Area
EFC electronic fee collection
EIRP effective isotropic radiated power
EMC electromagnetic compatibility
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ICC integrated circuit(s) card
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
MMI man-machine interface
MTBF mean time between failure
MTTF mean time to failure
MTTR mean time to repair
OBE on-board equipment
OBU on-board unit
QPSK quadrature phase shift keying
RSE roadside equipment
SUT system under test
tbd to be determined
TOE target of evaluation
5 Test parameters and test procedures for EFC
5.1 Tests overview
5.1.1 General
The test parameters for EFC systems or components are categorized into three groups as follows:
a) referenced pre-tests;
b) functionality tests;
c) quality tests.
Figure 3 shows the general structure of all test parameter groups relevant for EFC systems and those which
are relevant to this document. The specific test parameters that are ultimately deemed relevant for a specific
EFC system shall be identified and listed in the test plan according to 5.3. The individual test plan for type
approval or acceptance testing shall consider those pre-tests that have already been passed, i.e. for EMC,
DSRC and environment.
Figure 3 — Test plan — Interdependencies
Annex A provides a brief guide on how to use this document.
5.1.2 Referenced pre-tests
The third category of tests is related to test parameters which are fundamental for the performance of
EFC equipment. The specific parameters and requirements are not within the scope of this document. The
parameters that are relevant can be assigned to the following groups:
— DSRC;
— EMC;
— environment.
5.1.3 Functionality tests
The first category of tests is related to test procedures which aim to verify the functionality of the EFC
equipment.
The functionality tests are related to the essential test parameters that shall be applied to verify the
performance and capability of EFC equipment of different vendors and system operators.
The following parameters shall be tested:
— communication;
— EFC application;
— influence of vehicle characteristics;
— influence of traffic characteristics;
— environmental influences.
Communication and EFC application tests are described in 6.1. Tests related to vehicle and traffic
characteristics and environmental influences are listed in Annex B.
5.1.4 Quality tests
The second category of tests is related to procedures that aim to determine the quality of the EFC equipment.
These are relevant for both operators and users.
The following test parameters shall be tested:
— quality management;
— reliability;
— availability.
Test procedures are already available for some of these test parameters (see 6.2 and Annex C).
These tests are described in 6.2 and Annex C.
5.2 Parameter overview
Tables 1 to 3 provide a comprehensive list of the parameters that are relevant for type approval or acceptance
testing of a complete EFC system, as well as components of an EFC system. The tables are divided according
to the subjects of 5.1.2, 5.1.3, and 5.1.4: pre-tests, functionality and quality. The subclause in which the tests
are described or referenced is shown. An indication as to the nature of these tests (basic or conditional) is
provided as not all tests are relevant to all operators and their specific operating situations and environment.
As used in Tables 1 to 3,
— “basic” means that the identified tests are highly recommended as part of a foundation for meaningful
evaluation, and
— “conditional” means that the test shall be performed if, and only if, it is applicable to a feature identified
in the specification of the system or component under evaluation, for example, performing the lane
changing test (T6) if the RSE is characterized as multilane.
Table 1 provides a list of parameters that are necessary for pre-tests and whose performance and
conformance are tested by reference to existing standards or Technical Specifications.
Table 2 provides an overview of the parameters for which tests are defined in this document to measure the
performance and assess the level of conformance of an EFC system or components under test.

Table 3 provides a list of the quality tests.
NOTE The tests have been categorized into inspection tests, laboratory tests, simulation tests, and field tests.
The appropriate test or types of tests are indicated, in the following tables, for each parameter. It is not expected that
all the named types of tests for a parameter will be performed on that parameter. Where a set of appropriate tools is
available to a test house, it is up to the test house to decide which type of test is most appropriate to meet its specific
remit.
Where a particular category of test shall be performed to conform to this document, the test is indicated in
the following tables with a “p”. Where a particular category of test is optional, this is indicated with an “o”.

Table 1 — Referenced pre-tests
Tests Location Test status Test type
Reference to subclause Basic/ (R = refer to standards/regulations
Parameter Item Name
a
conditional which specify these pre-tests)
D1 Layer 1 6.1.2, F.1 B R
DSRC D2 Layer 2 6.1.2, F.1 B R
D3 Layer 7 6.1.2, F.1 B R
ET1 Basic parameter 6.1.3, F.2 B R
ET2 Mechanical 6.1.3, F.2 B R
Environment ET3 Electrical 6.1.3, F.2 B R
ET4 Chemical/biological 6.1.3, F.2 B R
ET5 Safety 6.1.3, F.2 B R
E1.1 Emission 6.1.4, F.3 B R
EMC
E1.2 Immunity 6.1.4, F.3 B R
a
Test shall only be applied if function or item is specified.

Table 2 — Functionality
Applicable test type
Tests Location Test status
(p = shall be performed, o = optional)
Reference Basic/
Parameter Item Name Inspection Laboratory Simulation Field test
a
to subclause conditional
Category 1
Communication C1 Conformance assessment 6.2.1 B — p o o
F1 Validation of the specification 6.2.2 B p — — —
EFC
application F2 Implementation test 6.2.2 B p o o o
tests
F3 Functionality tests 6.2.2 B p o o p
T1 Longitudinal distance between vehicles 6.2.3, B.2 B — — o p
T2 Lateral distance between vehicles 6.2.3, B.2 C — — o o
T3 Lateral distance between OBE 6.2.3, B.2 C — — o o
T4 Speed of vehicles 6.2.3, B.2 C — — o o
T5 Driving angle 6.2.3, B.2 C — — o o
Traffic
conditions
T6 Lane changing 6.2.3, B.2 C — — o o
T7 Shadowing 6.2.3, B.2 B — — o p
T8 Traffic scenarios — free flow 6.2.3, B.2 C — — o o
T9 Traffic scenarios — restricted flow 6.2.3, B.2 C — — o o
T10 Traffic volume 6.2.3, B.2 C — — o o
Category 2
V1 Length of vehicle 6.2.4, B.3 C — — o o
V2 Height of vehicle 6.2.4, B.3 C — — o o
V3 Width of vehicle 6.2.4, B.3 C — — o o
Vehicle
characteristics
V4 Length of bonnet 6.2.4, B.3 C — — o o
V5 Other vehicle features, weight, number 6.2.4, B.2 C — — o o
of axles, volume, shape, paintwork,
colour, air conditioner, mobile communi-
cation equipment
V6 Constructive elements, superstructures 6.2.4, B.3 C — — o o
in the windscreen area, lorries with
external sun visors, car transporters
with projecting loading surface sunroof
(open/closed)/roof mountings
a
Test shall only be applied if function or item is specified.

Table 2 (continued)
Applicable test type
Tests Location Test status
(p = shall be performed, o = optional)
Reference Basic/
Parameter Item Name Inspection Laboratory Simulation Field test
a
to subclause conditional
V7 Attenuation of windscreen, caused by 6.2.4, B.3 C — o o o
e.g. metallized or dirty windscreen
V8 Angle of windscreens, horizontal plane 6.2.4, B.3 C — o o o
cars, small trucks and vans, trucks,
buses, and coaches
V9 Angle of windscreens, vertical plane 6.2.4, B.3 C — o o o
location in the outer curve area
V10 Mounting height of OBE antenna 6.2.4, B.3 C — o o o
V11 Lateral mounting of OBE antenna from 6.2.4, B.3 C — o o o
middle of windscreen
V12 OBE behaviour, variation of supply 6.2.4, B.3 C — o o o
voltage, operational state of OBE, fixing
of OBE, integrated circuit card (ICC)
behaviour
Category 3
I1 Width of pavement 6.2.5, B.4 C o — o o
I2 Number of lanes 6.2.5, B.4 C o — o o
I3 Other topographical influences 6.2.5, B.4 C o o o o
Environmental
influences
I4 Water and dust 6.2.5, B.4 C — o o o
I5 Temperature, humidity, and daylight 6.2.5, B.4 C — o o o
I6 Other weather conditions 6.2.5, B.4 C — o o o
a
Test shall only be applied if function or item is specified.

Table 3 — Quality
Applicable test type
Tests Location Test status
(p = shall be performed, o = optional)
Reference Basic/
Parameter Item Name Inspection Laboratory Simulation Field test
a
to subclause conditional
Quality Q1 Design, development, production, 6.3.1 B p — — —
management installation, and servicing
R1 Components, equipment, system 6.3.2, C.1 B p o o o
R2 Transaction-level reliability 6.3.2, C.2 B p o o o
Reliability/
R3 OBE life duration 6.3.2, C.2 B p o o o
availability
R4 OBE battery duration 6.3.2, C.2 B p o o o
R5 OBE smart card life duration 6.3.2, C.2 B p o o o
a
Test shall only be applied if function or item is specified.

5.3 Test plan
The manufacturer, the operator or the test house, or a combination of these, carrying out the type approval
or acceptance testing are expected to devise an individual test plan for each tested EFC system or EFC
component, according to Figure 3, considering the system-specific characteristics of the EFC application.
With respect to type approval, the requirements of applicable standards or other normative and referenced
documents apply and are expected to be tested by the manufacturer or the operator or by a test house.
With respect to acceptance tests, only the features that are specified or implicit in the system specification
are expected to be tested. Where additional features are provided for contingent use at a future date, these
are expected to be tested only if such contingency is included in the system specification. Where additional
features are present in products supplied but are neither used nor included in the system specification or
implementation, these are expected only to be tested if they affect the operation of the system.
Results of pre-tests that have already been passed shall be compared with the application-specific
requirements. If deviations are detected, additional tests are expected to be carried out. The test plan shall
make references to each listed test parameter with respect to the following details:
— identification of test parameter and item;
— reference of the related requirements/severity of the test;
— required equipment and documentation;
— selected test type;
— required test equipment, measurement equipment, interfaces, and tools;
— required test environment;
— department carrying out the test;
— required documentation of the tests and the results (see G.5).
Interdependencies between the results of the different tests are anticipated and should be considered by the
manufacturer or the test house. An example test protocol form is given in Clause G.5.
5.4 Required documentation
The following listed documentation shall be supplied by the manufacturer to conduct the tests defined by a
test plan:
— system description (overview, block diagrams);
— system specification including functions, timing, operational data on a detailed level;
— safety and security concept (threat analysis, implemented measures to detect and control failures,
threats, and manipulations);
— user documentation (service provider and user);
— specification of ambient conditions;
— operational directives;
— quality assurance directives, development rules;
— maintenance and installation directives;
— list of all available documents from the manufacturer relating to the EFC system under test created
during the design and manufacture of the equipment.

6 Inspection and tests
6.1 Referenced pre-tests
6.1.1 General
It shall be ensured that the EFC roadside and on-board equipment comply with the radio equipment
regulations and standards applicable in the countries and regions in which it will be operated.
EXAMPLE 1 Annex F provides examples of referenced pre-tests based on European test procedures, which are
relevant to consider in the European Economic Area (EEA).
[63]
EXAMPLE 2 Directive 2014/53/EU is applicable for the provision of radio equipment on the EEA market.
EXAMPLE 3 Annex I provides examples of referenced pre-tests based on Japanese test procedures.
The relevant parameters shall be considered during the specification of a test plan. Results of previously
performed tests and approvals shall be taken into account and shall be compared with the requirements of
the specific EFC application.
6.1.2 DSRC
The range of the DSRC tests shall cover the following areas:
— physical layer at 5,8 GHz;
— data link layer;
— application link layer.
Examples of referenced DSRC tests are listed in Clause F.1.
6.1.3 Environment
The range of the environment tests shall cover the following areas:
— climate;
— mechanical;
— electrical;
— chemical/biological;
— safety.
Examples of referenced environment tests are listed in Clause F.2.
6.1.4 EMC
The range of the EMC tests shall cover the areas:
— emission;
— immunity.
Examples of referenced environment tests are listed in Clause F.3.

6.2 Functionality tests
6.2.1 Communication
The test specifications regarding communication are defined in ISO 14907-2. It specifies the tests that verify
on-board unit (OBU) conformance of implemented communication (transaction) protocols to conform with
the specifications given in ISO 14906 to be used for EFC applications.
NOTE ISO 14907-2 can also be used as a source of inspiration for roadside equipment testing in accordance with
ISO 14906.
ISO 14907-2 describes general requirements for conformance testing and specific test procedures for the
following:
— basic DSRC L7 functionality;
— EFC application functions;
— EFC attributes;
— addressing procedures of EFC attributes and (hardware) components, e.g. ICC and man-machine interface
(MMI);
— EFC transaction model;
— behaviour of the interface.
6.2.2 EFC application
6.2.2.1 General
The tests are related to components or to a complete EFC system consisting of an OBE, RSE, or both and
RSE/OBE in combination. The objective of the tests is to validate that the equipment to be tested fulfils the
functional and technical requirements of the specification. The proof consists of inspections, simulations,
and tests which are intended to ensure that the system specifications and the equipment of EFC are in
conformance with the EFC requirements based on standards and regulations, national requirements and
other requirements.
6.2.2.2 and 6.2.2.3 describe a set of tests (see also Annex B); which of those tests are relevant and sufficient
to prove the performance of an EFC system or its components shall be defined by a test plan (see 5.3).
The EFC application test is divided into two sections:
a) validation of the EFC specification;
b) inspection and test of the EFC system under test (SUT) or component under test.
The relationship between the test sections is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4 — Structure of application tests
6.2.2.2 addresses the validation of the EFC system specification with respect to the design specification.
The objective is a validation of the system specification to verify that it is in conformance with the EFC
requirements based on standards and regulations, national requirements and other requirements. The
activity consists of inspection and analysis of the referenced documentation. The output of this phase is
an authorized and valid system specification of the SUT which meets the requirements of the selected
standards and regulations. Additionally, a test plan is specified which identifies the required test steps to
prove the performance of the SUT.
6.2.2.3 addresses EFC equipment that is designed according to a validated system specification. The
activities of this section are inspections, simulations and tests. Before the functionality test can start, an
implementation test (pre-test after installation) is carried out to ensure the principal performance of the
system. The implementation includes the activities of installation and commissioning. The objective of the
tests is to validate the conformity of the equipment with the specification and compliance with the EFC
requirements of standards and regulations, national requirements and other requirements.
The inspection and test shall take into consideration results of tests that have been previously performed,
e.g. quality tests and reference tests, and shall be detailed by a test plan (see 5.3). Annex B contains a list
of tests that are related to traffic conditions, vehicle characteristics, and other environment influences.
Annex H provides examples of EFC scenarios as part of a functionality test.
6.2.2.2 Validation of the SUT specification
Table 4 shows the form for the validation of the specification for the system under test.

Table 4 — Validation of the specification
EFC application test
Name: Validation of the specification (F1)
Group: EFC application
Purpose: To ensure that the specification of the SUT or component is in conformance with the EFC re-
quirements of standards and regulations, national requirements and user requirements.
Requirement — National requirements for EFC.
reference:
— EFC requirements for a DSRC communication.
— User requirements of the specified EFC application.
Default: All specifications to be inspected are expected to be in conformance with the DSRC regulations
and DSRC standards applicable in the countries and regions in which the system or component
will be operated.
Test A set of documentation as listed in 5.4 is required.
configuration:
Behaviour The task consists of inspection and analysis (Annex G) of the provided documentation. The
description: details of the system specification of the SUT are compared with the requirements of the EFC
standards and regulations, national requirements and user requirements.
The documentation is inspected concerning completeness, validity, unambiguity,
consistency and understandability.
The analysis is carried out to evaluate the system structure, reliability figures, measures to
detect and control failures, timing behaviour, security and safety, maintenance, and other tech-
nical and non-technical measures concerning system performance.
Constraints None
reference:
Verdict: Test result Verdict
Authorized and valid system specification of Pass
the SUT. Test plan for the performance proof.

The system specification does not conform to Fail
the requirements. List of discovered
deviations.
Comments:
6.2.2.3 Inspection and test of SUT
Table 5 shows the form for the implementation of test.
Table 5 — Implementation of test
EFC application test
Name: Implementation test (F2)
Group: EFC application
Purpose: The objective of this test is to verify that the specified EFC system (SUT) or component is in
conformance with the fundamental requirements of the EFC application.
Requirement Validated system specification of the SUT.
reference:
Default: Certified DSRC equipment according to the requirements of DSRC regulations and
standards applicable in the countries and regions in which the system or component
will be operated.
Test — Documentation and equipment according to test plan (see 5.3).
configuration:
— Test facilities according to test plan.

TTabablele 5 5 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
EFC application test
Behaviour descrip- The SUT or component shall be tested according to the specified requirements.
tion: Prerequisite for the inspection and test is a validation of the system specification, certified
DSRC equipment according to the DSRC standards and a qualification of the SUT in
accordance with other fundamental requirements.
The qualification of this phase consists of inspection, test, and simulation. The work is separat-
ed into the following steps:
1. Verification of the quality items of 6.2 and Annex C.
2. Inspection of the hardware and software to confirm that the system requirements
(validated SUT specification) are implemented in the SUT.
3. Inspection of housing protection, electrical safety, shielding, and earthing of in
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