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ISO 24427:2025

(Main)

Radiological protection — Medical proton accelerators — Requirements and recommendations for shielding design and evaluation

Radiological protection — Medical proton accelerators — Requirements and recommendations for shielding design and evaluation

This document is applicable to the radiation shielding design and evaluation work for medical proton accelerators of proton energies ranging from 70 MeV to 250 MeV, with subsystems such as beam transport system and nozzle components. The radiation protection recommendations given in this document cover the aspects relating to regulations, shielding design goals and other design criteria, role of the manufacturers, of the radiation protection officer or qualified expert, the medical physicist, the licensee and interactions between them, sources and radiations around a proton accelerator, shielding for accelerators and its subsystems (including shielding materials and transmission values, calculations for various room configurations, duct impact on radiation protection) and the radiological measurements. FLASH proton therapy is not covered by this document. NOTE 1 Annex A provides a list of the most used Monte-Carlo codes for shielding calculation. NOTE 2 Annex B provides the analytical methods and the corresponding necessary data for shielding calculation. NOTE 3 Annex C provides a set of examples on shielding calculation of barriers, maze and skyshine problems. NOTE 4 Annex D provides radiation shielding consideration on special topics.

Radioprotection — Accélérateurs médicaux de protons — Exigences et recommendations pour la conception et l'évaluation du blindage

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
15-Sep-2025
ICS
13.280 - Radiation protection
Technical Committee
ISO/TC 85/SC 2 - Radiological protection
Drafting Committee
ISO/TC 85/SC 2/WG 23 - Shielding and confinement systems for protection against ionizing radiation
Current Stage
6060 - International Standard published
Start Date
16-Sep-2025
Due Date
21-Jun-2025
Completion Date
16-Sep-2025
Ref Project
ISO 24427:2025 - Radiological protection — Medical proton accelerators — Requirements and recommendations for shielding design and evaluation Released:16. 09. 2025ISO 24427:2025 - Radiological protection — Medical proton accelerators — Requirements and recommendations for shielding design and evaluation Released:16. 09. 2025
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ISO 24427:2025 - Radiological protection — Medical proton accelerators — Requirements and recommendations for shielding design and evaluation Released:16. 09. 2025
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Standards Content (Sample)


International
Standard
ISO 24427
First edition
Radiological protection —
2025-09
Medical proton accelerators
— Requirements and
recommendations for shielding
design and evaluation
Radioprotection — Accélérateurs médicaux de protons —
Exigences et recommendations pour la conception et l'évaluation
du blindage
Reference number
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Quantities .2
3.2 Definitions other than quantities .4
4 Shielding design goals and other design criteria . 6
4.1 Shielding design goals .6
4.2 Shielding design assumptions and conditions .7
5 Role of stakeholders and the interactions . 7
5.1 General .7
5.2 Manufacturer of the proton therapy system .8
5.3 General contractor/architectural firm .8
5.4 Radiation safety officer or other .9
5.5 The medical physicist or other .9
5.6 The licensee or other .10
6 Radiation sources of a medical proton accelerator . 10
6.1 General .10
6.2 Prompt radiation sources .10
6.2.1 Secondary neutron .10
6.2.2 Photon radiation .10
6.3 Radiation during shut down .10
7 Shielding materials and transmission . .11
7.1 General .11
7.2 Shielding materials .11
7.3 Transmission .11
8 General formalism .12
9 Shielding calculation . 14
9.1 General .14
9.2 Monte-Carlo simulation .14
9.2.1 General .14
9.2.2 Basic requirement on Monte-Carlo simulation . 15
9.3 Analytical methods . 15
9.3.1 Shielding barrier. 15
9.3.2 Mazes .16
9.3.3 Skyshine .16
9.3.4 Duct .17
10 Shielding evaluation. 17
10.1 General .17
10.2 Measuring equipment and methodology .17
10.3 Evaluation .18
Annex A (informative) Monte-Carlo simulation for the radiation shielding of medical proton
accelerators . 19
Annex B (informative) Analytical methods for the radiation shielding of medical proton
accelerators .22
Annex C (informative) Examples of radiation shielding calculation .31
Annex D (informative) Special topics .44

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL:
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and
radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiological protection.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user's national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
Protons deliver most of their energy at a prescribed, programmable distance inside the body, known as the
Bragg Peak. With this feature, proton therapy is used to treat many cancers and is particularly appropriate in
situations where treatment options are limited and conventional radiotherapy using photon beam presents
unacceptable risks to patients. The use of proton accelerators to administer external beam radiation has
been evolving and the proton therapy centres are rising worldwide.
A typical large proton therapy centre consists of an injector, a cyclotron or synchrotron to accelerate the
particles, high-energy beam selection and transport system, several treatment rooms (fixed beam and/or
gantry) and, occasionally, a research room. Strong secondary radiation, particularly high energy neutrons,
is produced at locations where beam losses occur. Such losses may occur in the cyclotron or synchrotron
along the beam transport system during acceleration, extraction, energy degradation and transport of the
protons to the treatment room, and in the treatment and research nozzles. In addition, the production of
proton beam interactions in the patient, beam stop, or dosimetry phantom also results in stray radiation
production. As a result, meters-thick barriers are generally used around the entire accelerator system.
The rad
...

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