ISO 10545-24

Ceramic tiles — Part 24: Tensile adhesion strength of fibre-combined multilayer ceramic tile and tile adhesive

The proposal aims at defining a method for the determination of the tensile adhesion strength of multilayer tiles, in particular the adhesion between the back of the multilayer and the cementitious adhesive used for installation.

Carreaux et dalles céramiques — Partie 24: Résistance à la traction des carreaux céramiques à fibres combinées multicouches et de la colle à carrelage

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 83.180 - Adhesives
• ICS: 91.100.23 - Ceramic tiles
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 189 - Ceramic tile
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 189 - Ceramic tile
• Current Stage: 6000 - International Standard under publication
• Start Date: 30-Dec-2025
• Completion Date: 03-Jan-2026

Overview

ISO/FDIS 10545-24:2025 is an international standard developed by ISO Technical Committee ISO/TC 189 that specifies a uniform method for determining the tensile adhesion strength of fibre-combined multilayer ceramic tiles and the cementitious adhesives used for their installation. This standard focuses on accurately assessing the bond between the back of multilayer ceramic tiles-especially those reinforced with glass fibre mesh-and the tile adhesives, ensuring reliable performance in construction and architectural applications.

The standard was prepared under ANSI secretariat and published in 2025, defining detailed testing conditions, procedures, and evaluation criteria for tensile adhesion strength. This is essential to guarantee quality and durability in ceramic tile installations, particularly for reinforced multilayer tile products.

Key Topics

• Scope and Purpose
  The document provides a clear method for measuring tensile adhesion strength, emphasizing fibre-combined multilayer ceramic tiles where coupling material is typically glass fibre mesh. Adhesion between tile back and cementitious adhesive is the primary focus.

• Test Specimen Requirements
  Tiles must be free of visible cracks or damage. Specimens of dimensions (50 ± 1) mm × (50 ± 1) mm are cut, avoiding tile areas with deep surface structures to ensure consistent bonding conditions.

• Adhesive Specifications
  Cementitious tile adhesives classified as C2S1 according to ISO 13007-1 are used. The adhesive batch must be consistent across all tests for reliable comparison.

• Test Conditions
  Standard ambient conditions are (23 ± 2) °C temperature and (50 ± 5)% relative humidity with minimal air movement. Conditioning of tiles, adhesives, and water for 24 hours prior to testing is mandatory.

• Testing Procedures
  Key testing steps include:

  • Application of adhesive layers on concrete substrates with specified trowels.
  • Placement of tile specimens followed by load application using a mass exerting a force of 20 N.
  • Aging periods under various conditions such as water immersion, heat exposure, and freeze-thaw cycles.
  • Bonding pull-head plates on specimens using high-strength adhesives with curing times compatible with the standard.
  • Tensile strength measurement using calibrated tensile testing machines applying load at a rate of 250 ± 50 N/s.

• Failure Mode Classification
  The standard classifies failure patterns into categories like:

  • Adhesion failures (between adhesive and substrate or fibre reinforcement)
  • Cohesive failures (within adhesive layer, substrate, or tile)
  • Adhesion failure between tile and fibre reinforcement
    Each failure mode is carefully described with examples and implications for product quality.

• Evaluation and Reporting
  Tensile adhesion strength is calculated as force per unit bonding area (N/mm²). Statistical evaluation involves determining mean values after discarding outliers. The test report must detail test conditions, adhesive types, results, and failure modes.

Applications

ISO/FDIS 10545-24 is critical for manufacturers, quality control laboratories, and construction professionals involved with multilayer ceramic tile products. Practical applications include:

• Quality Assurance
  Ensuring the tensile adhesion strength meets minimum requirements to avoid tile detachment or failure in service.

• Product Development
  Assisting manufacturers in validating bonding performance of new fibre-combined multilayer tile designs and compatible adhesives.

• Regulatory Compliance
  Supporting conformity assessment processes by providing standard test methods referenced in regulations or product certification.

• Durability Assessment
  Evaluating tile and adhesive behavior under real-world conditions such as moisture exposure, heat aging, and freeze-thaw to predict long-term performance.

• Installation Guidelines
  Informing installers and engineers about bonding characteristics and strengths to optimize application techniques and materials used.

Related Standards

• ISO 13007-1:2013 – Specifies terminology, properties, and classifications for ceramic tile adhesives including C2S1 classification relevant to this testing standard.

• ISO 13007-2:2013 – Details test methods for ceramic tile adhesives, providing complementary testing procedures applicable in conjunction with ISO/FDIS 10545-24.

• Other Parts of ISO 10545 Series – The comprehensive series on ceramic tiles covers dimensions, physical and mechanical properties, and installation requirements, forming a complete set of guidelines for tile specification and testing.

---

This standard enhances global uniformity in testing the tensile adhesion of fibre-combined multilayer ceramic tiles and their adhesives, ensuring safety, reliability, and performance in construction projects worldwide. Adhering to ISO/FDIS 10545-24 helps stakeholders optimize product design, installation methods, and quality assurance processes related to advanced ceramic tile systems.

Standards Content (Sample)

FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 10545-24
ISO/TC 189
Ceramic tiles —
Secretariat: ANSI
Part 24:
Voting begins on:
2025-11-03
Tensile adhesion strength of fibre-
combined multilayer ceramic tile
Voting terminates on:
2025-12-29
and tile adhesive
Carreaux et dalles céramiques —
Partie 24: Résistance à la traction des carreaux céramiques à
fibres combinées multicouches et de la colle à carrelage
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/FDIS 10545-24:2025(en) © ISO 2025

FINAL DRAFT
ISO/FDIS 10545-24:2025(en)
International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 10545-24
ISO/TC 189
Ceramic tiles —
Secretariat: ANSI
Part 24:
Voting begins on:
Tensile adhesion strength of fibre-
combined multilayer ceramic tile
Voting terminates on:
and tile adhesive
Carreaux et dalles céramiques —
Partie 24: Résistance à la traction des carreaux céramiques à
fibres combinées multicouches et de la colle à carrelage
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2025
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/FDIS 10545-24:2025(en) © ISO 2025

ii
ISO/FDIS 10545-24:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test conditions and procedures . 2
4.1 Sampling .2
4.2 Test conditions .2
4.3 Test materials .2
4.4 Mixing procedures .2
4.5 Test substrate .3
5 Test methods . 3
5.1 Procedure .3
5.1.1 Preparation of test units .3
5.1.2 Tensile adhesion strength .3
5.1.3 Tensile adhesion strength after water immersion .3
5.1.4 Tensile adhesion strength after heat ageing.3
5.1.5 Tensile adhesion after freeze-thaw cycle .3
5.1.6 Evaluation and expression of results .4
5.1.7 Failure patterns .4
6 Test report . 5

iii
ISO/FDIS 10545-24:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 189, Ceramic tile.
A list of all parts in the ISO 10545 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 10545-24:2025(en)
Ceramic tiles —
Part 24:
Tensile adhesion strength of fibre-combined multilayer
ceramic tile and tile adhesive
1 Scope
This document describes a method for determining the tensile adhesion strength of fibre-combined
multilayer ceramic tiles, in particular the adhesion between the back of the fibre-combined multilayer
ceramic tiles and the cementitious adhesive used for installation.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 13007-1, Ceramic tiles — Grouts and adhesives — Part 1: Terms, definitions and specifications for adhesives
ISO 13007-2:2013, Ceramic tiles — Grouts and adhesives — Part 2: Test methods for adhesives
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
multilayer ceramic tile
ceramic tile with a surface area equal or greater than 7x7 cm combined with a material attached to its back
3.2
fibre-combin
...

ISO/FDIS 10545-24:2025(en)
ISO/TC 189
Secretariat: ANSI
Date: 2025-09-01xx
Ceramic tiles —
—
Part 24:
Tensile adhesion strength of fibre-combined multilayer ceramic tile
and tile adhesive
Carreaux et dalles céramiques —
Partie 24: Résistance à la traction des carreaux céramiques à fibres combinées multicouches et de la colle à
carrelage
FDIS stage
ISO/FDIS 10545-24:2025(en)
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either
ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/FDIS 10545-24:2025(en)
Contents
Foreword . iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test conditions and procedures . 2
4.1 Sampling . 2
4.2 Test conditions . 2
4.3 Test materials . 3
4.4 Mixing procedures . 3
4.5 Test substrate . 3
5 Test methods . 3
5.1 Procedure . 3
6 Test report . 5

iii
ISO/FDIS 10545-24:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 189, Ceramic tilestile.
A list of all parts in the ISO 10545 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO/FDIS 10545-24:2025(en)
Ceramic tiles —
—
Part 24:
Tensile adhesion strength of fibre-combined multilayer ceramic tile
and tile adhesive
1 Scope
This document describes a method for determining the tensile adhesion strength of fibre-combined multilayer
ceramic tiles, in particular the adhesion between the back of the fibre-combined multilayer ceramic tiles and
the cementitious adhesive used for installation.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 13007--1, Ceramic tiles — Grouts and adhesives — Part 1: Terms, definitions and specifications for adhesives
ISO 13007--2:2013, Ceramic tiles — Grouts and adhesives — Part 2: Test methods for adhesives
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 3.1
multilayer ceramic tile
ceramic tile with a surface area equal or greater than 7x7 cm combined with a material attached to its back
3.2 3.2
fibre-combined multilayer ceramic tile
multilayer ceramic tile in which the coupling material is a mesh of glass fibre
Note 1 to entry: Fibre-combined multilayer ceramic tiles are also defined as “back layered ceramic tiles” or “reinforced
ceramic tiles”.
3.3 3.3
notched trowel
toothed tool that facilitates the application of the adhesive as a series of ribs of a uniform thickness
ISO/FDIS 10545-24:2025(en)
3.4
Mass
3.4
mass
mass capable of exerting a force of (20 ± 0,05) N with a cross-sectional area of (50 ± 1) mm × (50 ± 1) mm.
3.43.5 3.5
pull-head plate
plate consisting of square metallic plates with dimensions of (50 ± 1) mm x (50 ± 1) mm and a minimum
thickness of 8 mm with a suitable fitting for connection to the test machine.
3.53.6 3.6
tensile testing apparatus
apparatus consisting of a test machine for the direct pull tensile force test, with suitable capacity and
sensitivity for the test.
Note 1 to entry: The machine shall be capable of applying the load to the pull-head plate at a rate of (250 ± 50) N/s
through a suitable fitting that does not exert any bending force.
3.63.7 3.7
air circulating oven
drying oven capable of being operated up to 70 ± 3 °C.
4 Test conditions and procedures
4.1 Sampling
Fibre-combined multilayer ceramic tiles and relevant specimens shall not contain any visible damage or
cracks prior to testing and shall not have been tested previously. The fibre reinforcement on the back shall be
not removable by hand.
The number of test specimens for each fibre-combined multilayer ceramic tile is reported in Table 1Table 1.
Test specimens dimensions shall be (50 ± 1) mm x (50 ± 1) mm resulting from the cutting in any position of
the original sample. Avoid areas of tile samples with deep face structure that can interfere with the bonding
of the pull-head plates.
Table 1 — Total number of test specimens for fibre-combined multilayer ceramic tiles
Total number of
Area
Number of specimens fibre-combined Total number of
A
to be tested multilayer specimens
mm
ceramic tiles
2 500 ≤ A ≤ 10 000 1 10 10
10 000 < A ≤ 360 000 2 5 10
A > 360 000 4 3 12
A representative sample of cementitious tile adhesive shall be used (at least 2 kg). The cementitious tile
adhesive shall be classified minimum C2S1 in accordance w
...