ISO 10294-5:2005

Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers for air distribution systems — Part 5: Intumescent fire dampers

ISO 10294-5:2005 describes the test requirements related to intumescent fire dampers. It identifies the minor modifications needed to adapt the test method described in ISO 10294-1 (which was intended for mechanical dampers) to suit intumescent fire dampers. Additional tests are included to give an assessment of the operational reliability of intumescent fire dampers. This test is intended for intumescent fire dampers that will be classified as EI dampers in accordance with ISO 10294-2. Without the addition of a mechanical damper, they are unable to achieve the "S" classification, which includes a leakage limit imposed at ambient temperatures.

Essais de résistance au feu — Clapets coupe-feu pour systèmes de distribution d'air — Partie 5: Clapets résistants au feu intumescent

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 15-Mar-2005
• ICS: 13.220.50 - Fire-resistance of building materials and elements
• ICS: 91.140.30 - Ventilation and air-conditioning systems
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 92/SC 2 - Fire containment
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 92/SC 2 - Fire containment
• Current Stage: 9020 - International Standard under periodical review
• Start Date: 15-Jul-2024
• Completion Date: 15-Jul-2024

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10294-5
First edition
2005-03-01
Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers
for air distribution systems —
Part 5:
Intumescent fire dampers
Essais de résistance au feu — Clapets coupe-feu pour systèmes de
distribution d'air —
Partie 5: Clapets résistants au feu intumescent

Reference number
©
ISO 2005
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©  ISO 2005
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Procedure. 2
5 Test report. 7
Annex A (normative) Durability. 9
Annex B (informative) Test apparatus. 10
Annex C (informative) The use and application of intumescent fire dampers in ducted air
distribution systems . 18

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10294-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 2, Fire
containment.
ISO 10294 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers for air
distribution systems:
 Part 1: Method of test
 Part 2: Classification, criteria and field of application of test results
 Part 3: Guidance on the test method
 Part 4: Test of thermal release mechanism
 Part 5: Intumescent fire dampers

iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10294-5:2005(E)

Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers for air distribution
systems —
Part 5:
Intumescent fire dampers
CAUTION — The attention of all persons concerned with managing and carrying out this fire
resistance test is drawn to the fact that fire testing can be hazardous and that there is a possibility
that toxic and/or harmful smoke and gases can be evolved during the test. Mechanical and operational
hazards can also arise during the construction of the test elements or structures, their testing and
disposal of test residues.
An assessment of all potential hazards and risks to health shall be made and safety precautions shall
be identified and provided. Written safety instructions shall be issued. Appropriate training shall be
given to relevant personnel. Laboratory personnel shall ensure that they follow written safety
instructions at all times.
1 Scope
This part of ISO 10294-5 describes the test requirements related to intumescent fire dampers. It identifies the
minor modifications needed to adapt the test method described in ISO 10294-1 (which was intended for
mechanical dampers) to suit intumescent fire dampers. Additional tests are included to give an assessment of
the operational reliability of intumescent fire dampers.
This test is intended for intumescent fire dampers that are expected to be classified as EI dampers in
accordance with ISO 10294-2. Without the addition of a mechanical damper, they are unable to achieve the
“S” classification, which includes a leakage limit imposed at ambient temperatures.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10294-1:1996, Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers for air distribution systems — Part 1: Test method
ISO 10294-2:1999, Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers for air distribution systems — Part 2: Classification,
criteria and field of application of test results
ISO 10294-3:1999, Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers for air distribution system — Part 3: Guidance on the
test method
ISO 10294-4: 2001, Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers for air distribution systems — Part 4: Test of
thermal release mechanism
ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 and the following apply.
3.1
intumescent
term describing the phenomenon of expansion in excess of normal thermal expansion under the action of heat
normally generated by the fire
3.2
intumescent fire dampers
non-mechanical device, installed in a ducted system that intumesces when exposed to hot gases and acts as
a barrier to fire and hot smoke
3.3
intumescent sheet
intumescent material manufactured in rigid or flexible thin sections, typically 1 mm to 4 mm thick, usually cut
into strips for incorporation into the fire damper
3.4
covered intumescent
partly enclosed intumescent material to provide protection, modify the behaviour, improve the surface finish
and/or enhance the aesthetics of the fire damper
3.5
skinned intumescent material
totally enclosed intumescent material on all faces and edges to provide protection, modify the behaviour and
improve the surface finish and/or the aesthetics of the fire damper
3.6
specially shaped intumescent
intumescent material formed into special contours by extrusion, dipping, moulding, machining or spraying onto
formers or mandrills
4 Procedure
4.1 General considerations
4.1.1 Apparatus
The apparatus for the fire test shall be as described in ISO 10294-1:1996. As intumescent dampers give off
some moisture, a suitable condensing device shall be installed before the flow-measuring device. This will be
deemed to be effective if the gas temperature within the flow-measuring device does not exceed 40 °C at any
time during the test.
4.1.2 Test specimen
The damper with the largest dimensions to be manufactured shall be tested. Where it is intended that multiple
intumescent dampers will be used in a duct having a size greater than the individual damper size, the
maximum number of dampers in the maximum-sized duct including all mullions and transoms together with
any other supporting structure shall be tested.
2 © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

4.1.3 Test procedure
4.1.3.1 General procedure and criteria
Other than the exceptions stated below, carry out the test in accordance with ISO 10294-1. The criteria with
respect to integrity and insulation shall be as specified in ISO 10294-2.
4.1.3.1.1 Opening and closing cycles
The 50 opening and closing cycles specified are not applicable to this product.
NOTE The reason for the 50-cycle test for mechanical dampers is to demonstrate the likelihood of their functioning
when called upon to do so, without jamming or disintegrating. Clearly a product that is activated by an irreversible
chemical activity cannot be activated more than once. There are no parts moving mechanically in an intumescent fire
damper, only the swelling of the intumescent material when activated by heat.
4.1.3.1.2 Time to close
There is no requirement for the damper to close before 2 min, but it shall satisfy leakage requirements after
5 min into the test.
NOTE The 2 min limit in the test for mechanical dampers is the time beyond which it is deemed that dampers that
have not closed will not do so; therefore, continuation of the test would be irrelevant. Since the time deemed necessary for
the furnace to stabilize is 5 min and no sensor values are considered accurate enough to record until that time has
elapsed, the 2 min period has no relevance in the case of intumescent dampers.
4.1.3.1.3 Condensing device
A suitable condensing device may be considered to be a water tank fed with water at ambient temperature
with about 9 m of measuring duct immersed in the tank prior to reaching the measuring device.
4.2 Reaction to fire tests — Intumescent materials
4.2.1 General
To ensure some equivalence with a mechanical damper, the following tests are described that allow an
assessment of the reliability of intumescent materials used for intumescent fire dampers. These tests can be
used as an initial type test to get the performance of an intumescent material tested. The result is normally
used to define the specification for the material. In this case 10 specimens shall normally be tested. For the
purpose of factory control, two specimens are normally used to show compliance with the specification.
Thermal activation and faulty set-off are normally tested only in the course of the initial type test but all three
alternatives for “expansion pressure” are suitable tests for factory control.
Expansion pressure is normally determined at various temperatures during the initial type test to find out the
range of minimum temperature dependence. For the purposes of factory production control these tests are
normally conducted at a temperature in the range of temperature independence to ensure that the effect of
temperature variation on the results is minimized.
Complete components or sections of components of the damper, in sufficient quantity to complete the range
of testing required by the test authority and manufacturer, shall be nominated as representative specimens for
initial type testing and all subsequent production control conformity tests, as dictated by local
certification/approval needs.
Sample sets shall be placed in ambient laboratory conditions consisting of a temperature of 23 °C ± 4 °C and
a humidity of 50 % for a minimum of seven days.
4.2.2 Thermal activation temperature test
4.2.2.1 General
This test is used to assess the activation temperature of the intumescent material used in the damper.
4.2.2.2 Apparatus
4.2.2.2.1 Oven, with an operating temperature range of 25 °C to 350 °C to within better than ± 3 °C.
4.2.2.2.2 Temperature-measuring and display device for the oven, with an accuracy of ± 1 °C.
4.2.2.3 Test specimens
Three specimens of the smallest-sized damper in the range of critical reactive intumescent components shall
be tested.
4.2.2.4 Test method
Each specimen or critical reactive component shall be placed in the oven. The oven shall be set at 30 °C
below the activation temperature given by the manufacturer for the intumescent material under test. The oven
temperature shall be maintained for at least 15 min and intumescent activity observed. Should no intumescent
development occur, the temperature shall be increased by increments of 5 °C and maintained for a minimum
of 15 min at each stage until activation does commence.
4.2.3 Faulty set-off
4.2.3.1 General
This test method is intended to cover standard operating conditions (60 °C; see ISO 10294-4). However, the
test method may be adapted to cover situations where the intumescent damper is intended to be operated at
either lower or higher temperatures, for example dampers used in cold climates or those installed in warm-air
ducts, by using the appropriate operating temperature as the test t
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