ISO/DTS 21152
(Main)Guidance on water conservation techniques of circulating cooling water in thermal power plants
Guidance on water conservation techniques of circulating cooling water in thermal power plants
This document specifies the general, technical and management requirements for water reuse of circulating cooling water in thermal power plants. This document covers the control parameters of typical water reuse treatment processes of circulating cooling water in thermal power plants, excluding the processes with few application cases in circulating water treatment or the unmatured. This document provides technical guidance for planners, managers, technical consultants, designers and operators of water treatment systems involved in circulating cooling water treatment project of thermal power plant. This document is applicable to the water reuse technical schemes selection and operation parameter control of circulating cooling water in thermal power plants. This document is applicable to circulating cooling thermal power plants fueled by coal, oil, natural gas and biomass.
Lignes directrices pour les techniques de conservation de l'eau consistant à faire circuler l'eau de refroidissement dans les centrales électriques thermiques
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FINAL DRAFT
Technical
Specification
ISO/TC 282/SC 4
Guidance on water conservation
Secretariat: SAC
techniques of circulating cooling
Voting begins on:
water in thermal power plants
2024-09-20
Voting terminates on:
2024-11-15
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
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LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
Technical
Specification
ISO/TC 282/SC 4
Guidance on water conservation
Secretariat: SAC
techniques of circulating cooling
Voting begins on:
water in thermal power plants
Voting terminates on:
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2024
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions .1
3.2 Abbreviated terms .1
4 General . 2
5 Circulating cooling water quality recommendations . 2
5.1 Water quality recommendations of make-up water .2
5.2 Water quality recommendations of circulating cooling water system .2
6 Technical guidance for water conservation of circulating cooling tower . 4
6.1 Basic guidance .4
6.2 Guidance for treatment of circulating cooling with water quality stabilizer.4
6.2.1 General .4
6.2.2 Scale and corrosion inhibition technology .4
6.2.3 Microbial control technology .5
6.3 Technical guidance for increasing cycles of concentration .6
6.3.1 General .6
6.3.2 Lime treatment .6
6.3.3 Weak acid cation resin treatment .7
6.3.4 Membrane treatment .7
6.4 Technical guidance for reducing water loss .8
7 Guidance for managing water conservation of circulating cooling water . 8
7.1 Guidance for detection and measurement instrumentation .8
7.2 Water utilities management .9
Annex A (informative) Dynamic simulation test of scale and corrosion inhibitor .10
Annex B (informative) Make-up water quality recommendations of circulating cooling water .13
Annex C (informative) Scale and corrosion inhibition test of water treatment agents (laboratory
evaluation test) .15
Annex D (informative) Calculation of cycles of concentration .18
Annex E (informative) Carbonate hardness limit selection test and cycles of concentration limit
test . 19
Annex F (informative) Calculation of side-stream filtration volume and side-stream softening
desalination volume .20
Annex G (informative) Calculation of concentration change with time in intermittent dosing .22
Bibliography .23
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 282, Water reuse, Subcommittee SC 4,
Industrial water reuse.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Water plays an important role in transferring energy, cooling and cleaning in the process of thermal power
generation. According to the statistics of the International Energy Agency (IEA) and China Water Resources
Bulletin, fossil fuel power generation used approximately 189,6 billion cubic metres of freshwater in
2021, accounting for almost 50 % of global energy system freshwater withdrawals and 5 % of total global
freshwater withdrawals. In China, water withdrawal for thermal power generation in 2021 accounted for
approximately 17,7 % of the industrial water withdrawal, of which cooling water in thermal power plants
accounted for approximately 50 %. To save water resources, improve circulating cooling water use efficiency
and help thermal power plants to enhance water conservation, work efficiently and orderly, and thus
improve the economic and social benefits of thermal power plants, it is important to formulate guidance for
the conservation of water used as circulating cooling water in thermal power plants.
The quantity of circulating cooling water used in thermal power plants ranges from tens to hundreds of
thousands of cubic metres based on their operating capacity. The reduction of circulating cooling water
use should consider the water quality, pipe materials, water treatment, chemicals and other factors.
Meanwhile, to achieve water conservation purposes, the use of residual heat of high temperature circulating
water to reduce the temperature of circulating water in the cooling tower should be considered. Cycles of
concentration is an important index for evaluating water conservation of circulating cooling water, while the
amount of make-up water is closely related to the cycles of concentration of circulating cooling water. The
higher the concentration, the better water conservation efficiency. However, with higher concentrations, the
cost and difficulty of water treatment also increase exponentially.
Circulating cooling water quality control index and water conservation processes differ based on the
quality of make-up water. Researchers and engineers should standardize the water conservation process
of circulating cooling water in thermal power plants by fully considering the cycles of concentration and
other relevant influencing factors, to provide standardized technical guidance for the targeted stake holders
(policy makers, managers, technical consultants, designers, operators of water treatment systems, etc.).
Through analysis and research on the circulating cooling water conservation technology in thermal power
plants, this document sets up a scientific and objective technical control index, management guidance and
implementation methods that are helpful to improve the efficiency of circulating cooling water conservation
and the standardization of technical transformation of thermal power plants.
Starting from the perspective of water conservation management and technology, this document provides
acceptable operation control specifications for common processes of circulating cooling water conservation
for most stakeholders, to improve the operation efficiency and management level of circulating cooling
water conservation, which is conducive to guiding the development of specialization
...
© ISO/TS 21152 – All rights reserved
ISO/TS DTS 21152-#: ####(X)
ISO/TC 282/SC 04/WG 6 4
Secretariat: SAC
Date: 2024-09-04
Guidance on water conservation techniques of circulating cooling
water in thermal power plants
DTS stage
Warning for WDs and CDs
This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to
change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
ISO #####-#:####(X)
2 © ISO #### – All rights reserved
ISO/TS DTS 21152-#:####(X:(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
© ISO #### 2024 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO/TS DTS 21152-#:####(X:(en)
Contents
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
4 General. 2
5 Circulating cooling water quality recommendations . 2
6 Technical guidance for water conservation of circulating cooling tower . 4
7 Guidance for managing water conservation of circulating cooling water . 8
Annex A (informative) Dynamic simulation test of scale and corrosion inhibitor . 10
Annex B (informative) Make-up water quality recommendations of circulating cooling water . 13
Annex C (informative) Scale and corrosion inhibition test of water treatment agents (laboratory
evaluation test) . 15
Annex D (informative) Calculation of cycles of concentration . 17
Annex E (informative) Carbonate hardness limit selection test and cycles of concentration limit
test . 18
Annex F (informative) Calculation of side-stream filtration volume and side-stream softening
desalination volume . 19
Annex G (informative) Calculation of concentration change with time in intermittent dosing . 21
Bibliography . 22
© ISO #### 2024 – All rights reserved
iv
ISO/TS DTS 21152-#:####(X:(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this
document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document.
However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be
obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the
document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see ).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC282TC 282, Water reuse, Subcommittee SC 4,
Industrial water reuse.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO #### 2024 – All rights reserved
v
ISO/TS DTS 21152-#:####(X:(en)
Introduction
Water plays an important role in transferring energy, cooling and cleaning in the process of thermal power
generation. According to the statistics of the International Energy Agency (IEA) and China Water Resources
Bulletin, fossil fuel power generation used aroundapproximately 189,6 billion cubic metres of freshwater in
2021, accounting for almost 50 % of global energy system fresh waterfreshwater withdrawals and 5 % of total
global freshwater withdrawals. In China, water withdrawal for thermal power generation in 2021
accountsaccounted for aboutapproximately 17,7 % of the industrial water withdrawal, of which cooling water
in thermal power plants accountsaccounted for approximately 50 %. To save water resources, improve
circulating cooling water use efficiency and help thermal power plants to enhance water
conservationsconservation, work efficiently and orderly, and thus improve the economic and social benefits
of thermal power plants, it is important to formulate guidance for the conservation of water in thermal power
plants which is used as circulating cooling water in thermal power plants.
The quantity, of circulating cooling water used in thermal power plants, ranges from tens to hundreds of
thousands of cubic metres based on their operating capacity. The reduction of water use in circulating cooling
water, use should consider the water quality, pipe materials, water treatment, chemicals and other factors.
Meanwhile, to achieve water conservation purposes, the utilizationuse of residual heat of high temperature
circulating water should be considered to reduce the temperature of circulating water in the cooling tower to
achieve water conservation purposeshould be considered. Cycles of concentration is an important index for
evaluating water conservation of circulating cooling water, while the amount of make-up water is closely
related to the cycles of concentration of circulating cooling water. The higher the concentration, the better
water conservation efficiency. However, with higher concentrations, the cost and difficulty of water treatment
will also increase exponentially.
For different make-up water quality, circulatingCirculating cooling water quality control index and water
conservation processes are also differentdiffer based on the quality of make-up water. Researchers and
engineers should standardize the water conservation process of circulating cooling water in thermal power
plants based onby fully considering the cycles of concentration and other relevant influencing factors, to
provide standardized technical guidance for the targeted stake holders (i.e., policy makers, managers,
technical consultants, designers, operators of water treatment systems, etc.).
Through analysis and research on the circulating cooling water conservation technology in thermal power
plants, this document sets up a scientific and objective technical control index, management guidance and
implementation methods that isare helpful to improve the efficiency of circulating cooling water conservation
efficiency and the standardization of technical transformation of thermal power plants.
Starting from the perspective of water conservation management and technology, this document provides
acceptable operation control specifications for common processes of circulating cooling water conservation
for most stakeholders, to improve the operation efficiency and management level of circulating cooling water
conservation, which is conducive to guiding the development of specialization, normalization and
standardization of circulating cooling water conservation.
This document establishes the technical guidance and recommendations for circulating cooling water
conservation technology, provides research direction of circulating cooling water conservation technology,
improves the water conservation efficiency, and promotes the transformation of circulating cooling water
conservation technology to higher efficiency, lower energy consumption, environment friendly and resource
saving, in the end realizing sustainable development.
© ISO #### 2024 – All rights reserved
vi
Guidance on water conservation techniques of circulating cooling
water in thermal power plants
1 Scope
This document provides technical and management guidance for water conservation of indirect open
recirculating cooling water systems in thermal power plants. It is applicable to circulating cooling systems
that use surface water, underground water, reclaimed water, and treated domestic sewage from thermal
power plant as the make-up water and use physicochemical treatment methods to increase cycles of
concentration, thus realizing water conservation and increasing water use efficiency.
This document is applicable to recirculating cooling in thermal power plants fueledfuelled by coal, oil, natural
gas, and biomass.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
water conservation of circulating cooling water
process to increase cycles of concentration (3.1.2(3.1.2)) thus increasing water use efficiency
3.1.2
cycles of concentration
ratio of the concentration of specific ions in the circulating cooling water to the concentration of the same ions
in the make-up water
[SOURCE: ISO 16784-2:2006, 3.6]
3.2 Abbreviated terms
BOD : biochemical oxygen demand at five days
COD: chemical oxygen demand
NH -N: ammonia-nitrogen
NTU: nephelometric turbidity unit
TDS: total dissolved solids
TSS: total suspended solids
BOD biochemical oxygen demand at five days
CFU colony forming unit
COD chemical oxygen demand
NH -N ammonia-nitrogen
NTU nephelometric turbidity unit
TDS total dissolved solids
TSS total suspended solids
4 General
The following principles should be followed for water conservation of circulating cooling water in thermal
power plants:
— DevelopUsers should develop efficient circulating cooling water treatment technology, improve the cycles
of concentration under the premise of ensuring system safety and energy saving;.
— Be Users should be aware of the requirements of local environment protection regulation;.
— Use waterWater treatment chemicals with high efficiency, low toxicity and good chemical stability, should
be used; biodegradable water treatment chemicals should be given priority,; toxic and harmful water
treatment chemicals should be strictly restricted.
5 Circulating cooling water quality recommendations
5.1 Water quality recommendations of make-up water
When surface water, underground water, seawater, reclaimed water, and treated domestic sewage from
thermal power plantplants are used as make-up water for circulating cooling water system in power plants,
the source water quality, water quality of the source water and of the circulating cooling water and the
working conditions should be analyzed,analysed, and technical and economic comparison should be made to
select the appropriate cycles of concentration. Table B.1See Table B.1 in Annex BAnnex B for co
...
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