ISO 15031-4:2005

Road vehicles — Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissions-related diagnostics — Part 4: External test equipment

ISO 15031-4:2005 specifies: a means of establishing communications between an OBD-equipped vehicle and external test equipment, a set of diagnostic services to be provided by the external test equipment in order to exercise the services defined in ISO 15031-5, conformance criteria for the external test equipment.

Véhicules routiers — Communications entre un véhicule et un équipement externe pour le diagnostic relatif aux émissions — Partie 4: Équipement d'essai externe

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 14-Jun-2005
• Withdrawal Date: 14-Jun-2005
• ICS: 13.040.50 - Transport exhaust emissions
• ICS: 43.180 - Diagnostic, maintenance and test equipment
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 22 - Road vehicles
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 22 - Road vehicles
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 05-Feb-2014

Relations

• Revised: ISO 15031-4:2014 - Road vehicles — Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissions-related diagnostics — Part 4: External test equipment
• Effective Date: 22-Aug-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15031-4
First edition
2005-06-15

Road vehicles — Communication
between vehicle and external equipment
for emissions-related diagnostics —
Part 4:
External test equipment
Véhicules routiers — Communications entre un véhicule et un
équipement externe pour le diagnostic relatif aux émissions —
Partie 4: Équipement d'essai externe




Reference number
ISO 15031-4:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005

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ISO 15031-4:2005(E)
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©  ISO 2005
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ISO 15031-4:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Required functions of the external test equipment. 2
5 Communication protocols . 3
6 Connections to the vehicle . 3
7 Network access. 3
7.1 Automatic determination of communication interface . 3
7.2 Handling of no response from the vehicle. 5
7.3 Handling of multiple responses from the vehicle . 5
7.4 Message structure . 6
7.5 Diagnostic trouble codes monitoring. 6
7.6 Obtain and display OBD emissions-related current data, freeze frame data, and test
parameters and results . 6
7.7 Code clearing . 7
7.8 On-board diagnostic evaluations. 7
7.8.1 Completed on-board system readiness tests. 7
7.8.2 Supported on-board system readiness tests . 7
7.8.3 Malfunction Indicator Lamp — status and control. 7
7.9 Use of StopCommunication service associated with ISO 14230-4 (optional) . 7
8 User interface. 7
8.1 Display . 7
8.2 User input . 8
9 Power requirements . 9
9.1 Vehicle battery voltage support . 9
9.1.1 External test equipment supports only 12 V D.C. vehicle battery voltage . 9
9.1.2 External test equipment supports 12 V D.C. and 24 V D.C. vehicle battery voltage. 9
9.2 Vehicle battery current consumption . 9
10 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 9
11 Conformance testing. 10
11.1 General. 10
11.2 Determine OBD communication type . 11
11.3 On-board system readiness test . 12
11.4 Select functions . 12
11.5 Select and display items . 12
11.6 Confirm requests to clear codes. 13
11.7 General diagnostic communication tests . 13
11.8 Capacitance and impedance at the diagnostic connector . 14
11.9 Operating voltage and current requirement . 14
11.10 Protocol check . 14
11.11 Alphanumeric display. 14
11.12 User manual and help facility. 14
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ISO 15031-4:2005(E)
Annex A (informative) Recommended external test equipment common user interface displays. 16
Annex B (normative) Initialization and identification of ISO 14230-4/ISO 9141-2 protocols. 27
Bibliography . 34

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ISO 15031-4:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 15031-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 3, Electric
and electronic equipment.
ISO 15031 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles — Communication between
vehicle and external test equipment for emissions-related diagnostics:
 Part 1: General information
 Part 2: Terms, definitions, abbreviations and acronyms
 Part 3: Diagnostic connector and related electrical circuits, specification and use
 Part 4: External test equipment
 Part 5: Emissions-related diagnostic services
 Part 6: Diagnostic trouble code definitions
 Part 7: Data link security
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ISO 15031-4:2005(E)
Introduction
ISO 15031 consists of a number of parts which, taken together, provide a coherent self-consistent set of
specifications to facilitate emissions-related diagnostics. Each part is based on an SAE recommended
practice.
This part of ISO 15031 is based on SAE J1978 FEB98, OBD Scan tool (On-board diagnosis).
ISO 15031 specifies a set of standard diagnostic services to be provided by vehicles (OBD services). This
International Standard specifies a complementary set of facilities, to be provided by external test equipment,
which will include scan tool facilities. These facilities provide complete, efficient and safe access to all of the
public OBD (on-board diagnosis) services on any vehicle, which is compliant with ISO 15031.
Only external test equipment passing the conformance tests specified in ISO 15031-4 may claim or advertise
that it meets or exceeds the requirements of ISO 15031-4.
Partially conforming external test equipment, which does not accommodate all approved protocols is permitted
but shall be so marked.
ISO 15031-4 conformance allows potential purchasers to identify external test equipment which shall work
correctly with a variety of vehicle types and provides assurance for external test equipment users that they
shall not inadvertently cause damage, obtain incorrect results or be unable to access all available OBD
(on-board diagnosis) services. Diagnostic authors who base their test strategies on ISO 15031-4 facilities do
not need to concern themselves with the details of specific types of external test equipment. ISO 15031-4
provides vehicle manufacturers with a level of protection against misdiagnosis or damage to their products
resulting from external test equipment unavailability or inadequacies.
ISO 15031-4 does not preclude the inclusion of additional capabilities or functions in external test equipment.
However, it is the responsibility of the external test equipment designer to ensure that no such capability or
function can adversely affect either an OBD-equipped vehicle, which may be connected to the equipment or
the equipment itself.
ISO 15031-1 provides an introduction to the International Standard.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15031-4:2005(E)

Road vehicles — Communication between vehicle and external
equipment for emissions-related diagnostics —
Part 4:
External test equipment
1 Scope
The document specifies:
 a means of establishing communications between an OBD-equipped vehicle and external test equipment,
 a set of diagnostic services to be provided by the external test equipment in order to exercise the services
defined in ISO 15031-5,
 conformance criteria for the external test equipment.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7637-2:1990, Road vehicles — Electrical disturbance by conduction and coupling — Part 2: Commercial
vehicles with nominal 24 V supply voltage — Electrical transient conduction along supply lines only
ISO 9141-2: 1994, Road vehicles — Diagnostic systems — Part 2: CARB requirements for interchange of
digital information
ISO 9141-2:1994/Amd.1:1996, Road vehicles — Diagnostic systems — Part 2: CARB requirements for
interchange of digital information — Amendment 1
ISO 11898-1, Road vehicles — Controller area network (CAN) — Part 1: Data link layer and physical
signalling
ISO 11898-2, Road vehicles — Controller area network (CAN) — Part 2: High-speed medium access unit
ISO 14230-4:2000, Road vehicles — Diagnostic systems — Keyword protocol 2000 — Part 4: Requirements
for emission-related systems
ISO TR 15031-2, Road vehicles — Communication between vehicle and external equipment for
emissions-related diagnostics — Part 2: Terms, definitions, abbreviations and acronyms
ISO 15031-3, Road vehicles — Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissions-related
diagnostics — Part 3: Diagnostic connector and related electrical circuits, specification and use
ISO 15031-4, Road vehicles — Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissions-related
diagnostics — Part 4: External test equipment
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ISO 15031-4:2005(E)
ISO 15031-5, Road vehicles — Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissions-related
diagnostics — Part 5: Emissions-related diagnostic services
ISO 15031-6, Road vehicles — Communication between vehicle and external equipment for emissions-related
diagnostics — Part 6: Diagnostic trouble code definitions
ISO 15765-4, Road vehicles — Diagnostics on Controller Area Networks (CAN) — Part 4: Requirements for
emissions-related systems
ISO 16750-2, Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic
equipment — Part 2: Electrical loads
SAE J1850:MAY2001, Class B Data Communications Network Interface
SAE J1939, Recommended Practice for Serial Control and Communications Vehicle Network
SAE J1939-11, Physical layer, 250 kbps , twisted shielded pair
SAE J1939-13, Off-Board diagnostic connector
SAE J1939-21, Data link layer
SAE J1939-71, Vehicle application layer
SAE J1939-73, Application layer — Diagnostics
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 15031-2 and SAE J1939 apply.
4 Required functions of the external test equipment
The following are the basic functions that the external test equipment is required to support or provide:
 automatic hands-off determination of the communication interface used to provide OBD services on the
vehicle,
 obtaining and displaying the status and results of vehicle on-board diagnostic evaluations,
 obtaining and displaying OBD emissions-related diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs),
 obtaining and displaying OBD emissions-related current data,
 obtaining and displaying OBD emissions-related freeze frame data,
 clearing the storage of OBD emissions-related diagnostic trouble codes, OBD emissions-related freeze
frame data storage and OBD emissions-related diagnostic tests status,
 obtaining and displaying OBD emissions-related test parameters and results as described in ISO 15031-5
or SAE J1939-73,
 provide a user manual and/or help facility.
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ISO 15031-4:2005(E)
5 Communication protocols
The following communication protocols shall be supported:
a) ISO 9141-2;
The following specifications clarify and, if in conflict with ISO 9141-2, override any related specifications in
ISO 9141-2:
1) The maximum sink current to be supported by the external test equipment is 100 mA.
2) The range for all tests performed relative to ISO 7637-2 is −1,0 to +40,0 V.
3) The minimum bus idle period before the external test equipment shall transmit an address, shall be
300 ms.
b) SAE J1850 41,6 kbps PWM (pulse width modulation);
c) SAE J1850 10,4 kbps VPW (variable pulse width);
d) ISO 14230-4 (Keyword protocol 2000);
e) ISO 15765-4 (CAN);
f) SAE J1939-73 (CAN).
A fully compliant external test equipment shall support all communication protocols as specified in Clause 5.
Only one protocol is allowed to be used in any one vehicle to access all legislated emission-related functions.
The external test equipment is not required to support simultaneous use of different protocols.
6 Connections to the vehicle
To connect the external test equipment to the vehicle, the SAE J1939-13 connector for the SAE J1939-73
protocol shall be used and for all other protocols the ISO 15031-3 connector shall be used.
7 Network access
7.1 Automatic determination of communication interface
The external test equipment shall have an “Automatic hands-off determination of the communication interface”
built in to determine the communication protocol used in a given vehicle.
Prior to connecting the external test equipment to the vehicle's diagnostic connector, the ignition key of the
vehicle shall be turned to position “ON”.
The tests to determine the communication interface and protocol may be performed in any order and, where
possible, may be performed simultaneously. The specified sequence for each test shall be used to determine
the interface to be used to access OBD services on a vehicle:
a) The electrical interface in the external test equipment for the manufacturer discretionary contact
assignments shall be effectively open circuit as a default condition or state whilst this procedure is being
performed.
b) The equipment shall inform the user that initialization is occurring.
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ISO 15031-4:2005(E)
c) The equipment shall, using only the following tests, attempt to determine the OBD communications
protocol used by the vehicle. No user intervention is allowed during this stage. The test equipment shall
not cause bus failures such as CAN bus off.
1) Test for SAE J1850 41,6 kbps (kilobits per second) PWM (pulse width modulation):
i) enable the SAE J1850 41,6 kbps PWM interface;
ii) send a service $01 PID $00 request message;
iii) if a service $01 PID $00 response message is received, then SAE J1850 41,6 kbps PWM is the
vehicle's OBD protocol.
2) Test for SAE J1850 10,4 kbps VPW (variable pulse width):
i) enable the SAE J1850 10,4 kbps VPW interface;
ii) send a service $01 PID $00 request message;
iii) if a service $01 PID $00 response message is received, then SAE J1850 10,4 kbps VPW is the
vehicle's OBD protocol.
3) Fast initialization of ISO 14230-4:
i) Refer to Annex B.1 ISO 14230-4:2000.
4) 5 baud initialization of ISO 14230-4/ISO 9141-2:
i) Refer to Annex B.2 ISO 14230-4/ISO 9141-2 how to perform the 5 baud initialization and
protocol detection of the ISO 14230-4 / ISO 9141-2 protocols.
5) Test for ISO 15765-4:
i) legacy vehicles previously were allowed to use the contacts now defined for CAN
communication as manufacturer discretionary. The external test equipment shall ensure
adequate protection from these legacy signals,
ii) perform the “External Test Equipment Initialization Sequence” defined in ISO 15765-4,
iii) if the initialization sequence specified in ISO 15765-4 is completed successfully, then
ISO 15765-4 is the vehicle's OBD protocol.
6) Test for SAE J1939:
i) Once concluded that the OBD protocol is not ISO 15765-4, then proceed to the sequence to see
if the vehicle is SAE J1939 OBD capable.
ii) Set CAN controller as appropriate for SAE J1939 and perform the initialization sequence
specified in J1939-73.
iii) If this SAE J1939 initialization sequence is completed successfully, then SAE J1939 is the
vehicle's OBD protocol.
The service $01 PID $00 request is used to identify the ISO 15765-4 protocol in step 5. Vehicles supporting
OBD diagnostics with SAE J1939-73 diagnostics will not respond to this request.
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ISO 15031-4:2005(E)
Both ISO 9141-2 and ISO 14230-4 specify a time within which a module(s) that has successfully been
initialized must receive a message or the module(s) will return to the address mode. To maintain
communication with the vehicle in case no service request is needed at this moment, the external test
equipment shall send an idle message.
For vehicles using ISO 9141-2, service $01 PID $00 request shall be used as the idle message.
For vehicles using ISO 14230-4, the service TesterPresent is the recommended way to satisfy the idle
message requirement as specified in ISO 14230-4. Alternatively, the service $01 PID $00 as specified in
ISO 15031-5 may be used.
If during the initialization of the ISO 15765-4 (CAN) protocol the external test equipment receives a negative
response message(s) from the emissions-related ECU(s) with the negative response code (NRC) $21
busy-RepeatRequest the external test equipment is required to perform five (5) retries (repeat request
message as specified in ISO 15765-4). The reception of NRC $21 busy-RepeatRequest during the
initialization indicates that an On-board diagnostic tester may be active and is currently diagnosing one or
multiple emissions-related ECUs. The On-board tester and vehicle ECU(s) shall complete the in-progress
communication. This may take several seconds. The external test equipment shall continue to initialize the
ISO 15765-4 (CAN) protocol until it receives a positive response or aborts after five (5) seconds have expired
(measured after the completion of the fifth (5th) re-try).
If none of the protocol tests shown above succeeds, the equipment shall repeat all of them and advise the
user:
a) that communication with the vehicle could not be established,
b) to confirm that the ignition key is still in the “ON” position,
c) to check the emissions label or vehicle service information to confirm that the vehicle is OBD equipped,
d) to confirm that the external test equipment is connected to the vehicle correctly.
The equipment shall continue to repeat the protocol tests shown above until either one of them passes or the
user chooses to abandon the attempt. The equipment may also indicate the number of failed initialization
attempts to the user.
7.2 Handling of no response from the vehicle
A vehicle module may fail to respond to a request message from the external test equipment because of
incorrect transmission or because the module does not support that message. If a response is not received
within the time-out period prescribed by the protocol, the external test equipment shall:
a) retransmit the request message,
b) if there is still no response, transmit a service $01 PID $00 request message, in order to determine if
communication with the vehicle is currently possible, and if the data desired is available,
c) if a service $01 PID $00 response is received, transmit other messages, if available, to determine
whether the desired data is supported by the vehicle,
d) if the above steps fail then indicate to the user, as appropriate, that communication with the vehicle
cannot be performed, that communication with the module cannot be performed or that the information
the user has selected is unavailable.
7.3 Handling of multiple responses from the vehicle
The external test equipment shall be capable of interfacing with a vehicle in which multiple modules support
OBD requirements.
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ISO 15031-4:2005(E)
The external test equipment shall inform the user when multiple modules respond to the same request.
The external test equipment shall inform the user when multiple modules respond with different values for the
same data item.
The external test equipment shall provide the user with the ability to select for display, as separate items, the
responses received from multiple modules for the same data item.
7.4 Message structure
Communication between the external test equipment and the vehicle consists of repeated cycles of the
external test equipment issuing a request message to the vehicle module(s) and the vehicle module(s)
responses. The structure of these messages is specified in ISO 15031-5. ISO 15031-6 specifies the usage of
diagnostic trouble codes, which may be contained in response messages. Message structures for SAE J1939
are described in SAE J1939-73 and SAE J1939-71.
7.5 Diagnostic trouble codes monitoring
The external test equipment shall be capable of continuously obtaining, converting and displaying OBD
emissions-related diagnostic trouble codes from the vehicle. Either the diagnostic trouble code, its descriptive
text or both shall be displayed. Diagnostic trouble codes and their descriptive text are specified in
ISO 15031-6, or SAE J1939 and SAE J1939-73. The external test equipment shall continuously obtain and
display DTCs (diagnostic trouble codes) whilst this facility is selected.
If the protocol is ISO 15031-5 and the response message includes a DTC number equal $0000, the data
reported may not be valid and shall not be displayed.
7.6 Obtain and display OBD emissions-related current data, freeze frame data, and test
parameters and results
The external test equipment shall create an internal table in its memory to maintain a list of supported
PIDs/OBDMIDs/TIDs/INFOTYPEs for each ECU that responds to a service request message with the
requested “Supported PID/OBDMID/TID/INFOTYPE” ($00, $20, . $C0). If bit 0 of Data D is reported as “0”,
that indicates that no additional PIDs/OBDMIDs/TIDs/INFOTYPEs are supported by that ECU. If bit 0 of Data
D is reported as “1”, that indicates that additional PIDs/OBDMIDs/TIDs/INFOTYPEs are supported by that
ECU. The external test equipment does not need to request any additional “Supported
PIDs/OBDMIDs/TIDs/INFOTYPEs” if bit 0 of Data D is reported as “0” by all ECUs.
The external test equipment shall test for support of PID $4F and $50. If supported, the external test
equipment shall override the data scaling of those PIDs included in the definition of ISO 15031-5 Annex B.
The external test equipment shall only display data from an ECU if that ECU indicated it supports that data
item. The external test equipment shall not display data from an ECU if that ECU indicated it does not support
that data item.
The external test equipment shall be capable of obtaining, converting, and displaying:
a) OBD emissions-related current data as described in ISO 15031-5 and SAE J1939-73 specifying all
emission-related data. For each data item, an external test equipment display text string and the
−−−−1
formatting of the data value is specified (e.g. RPM: xxxxx min ),
b) OBD emissions-related freeze frame data [same data display as specified in a)], and
c) test parameters and results data as described in ISO 15031-5 and SAE J1939-73. ISO 15031-5 and
SAE J1939-73 details what data is available, the messages to be used to request the data, the messages
to be used to return the data, the conversion values for the data and the format to be used to display the
data.
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ISO 15031-4:2005(E)
When current data items are selected for display, the external test equipment will continuously request of the
vehicle the data to be displayed and will display the data received in the corresponding response messages.
When freeze frame or test parameters and results are selected for display, the external test equipment does
not need to continuously req
...