ISO/TC 70/SC 8 - Exhaust gas emission measurement

This document specifies the measurement and evaluation methods for gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion engines (RIC engines) in the field. This document is applicable when the emissions from RIC engines used in non-road machinery, industrial equipment, marine installations, generating sets, diesel rail traction or similar machinery applications need to be measured in the field. Clause 4 applies for the conduct of discrete-mode steady-state gaseous or particulate emission measurements at a single operating point or conduct a weighted cycle-based test in the field. Clause 5 applies where it is necessary to assess gaseous emissions performance of engines during typical in-service operation under field conditions using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS).

This document specifies fuels whose use is recommended for performing the exhaust emission test cycles given in ISO 8178-4. It is applicable to reciprocating internal combustion engines for mobile, transportable and stationary installations excluding engines for vehicles primarily designed for road use. This document is applicable to engines used, e.g. earth-moving machines and generating sets, and for other applications.

This document specifies the measurement methods for gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines on a test bed, necessary for determining one weighted value for each exhaust gas pollutant. Various combinations of engine load and speed reflect different engine applications (see ISO 8178‑4). This document is applicable to RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for motor vehicles primarily designed for road use. This document can be applied to engines used, for example, for earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications.

This document specifies the test cycles, the test procedures and the evaluation of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines coupled to a dynamometer. With certain restrictions, this document can also be used for measurements at site. The tests are carried out under steady-state and transient operation using test cycles which are representative of given applications. This document is applicable to RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for on-road transport of passengers and goods. It can be applied to engines for non-road use, e.g. for earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications. For engines used in machinery covered by additional requirements (e.g. occupational health and safety regulations, regulations for power plants), additional test conditions and special evaluation methods can apply.

This document specifies the measurement procedures and test cycles for the evaluation of smoke emissions from compression ignition engines using an opacimeter. The tests are carried out under steady-state and transient operation using tests cycles which are representative of a given application. The smoke testing is conducted using opacimeter-type smoke meters which operate on the light extinction principle. The purpose of this document is to define the smoke test cycles and the methods used to measure the opacity and for the determination of the light absorption coefficient. It allows the use of either full-flow or partial-flow opacimeters and corrects for differences in rise time between the two types of opacimeters. Specifications of the apparatus for the measurement of opacity can be found in ISO 11614. The test procedures and measurement techniques described in this document are applicable to reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines in general. Annex D, Annex E, Annex F and Annex G each contains a test cycle that is relevant only for those specific applications listed in the first subclause of that annex. Where possible, the smoke test cycle described in the annex utilizes the engine and machine categories developed in ISO 8178‑4. For certain categories of non-road engines "at site" rather than "test bed" smoke test procedures can prove to be necessary. For engines used in machinery covered by additional requirements (e.g. occupational health and safety regulations), additional test conditions and special evaluation methods can apply.

This document specifies a method for the measurement of smoke from exhaust gas of reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines at a steady state condition. The method evaluates the soot content by measurement of the blackening of a filter and derivation of black carbon mass concentration (mg/m3) from FSN. Where necessary, individual requirements may be specified for particular engine applications. This document is applicable to RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for on-road transport of passengers and goods. It can be applied to engines for non-road use, e.g. for earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications. For engines used in machinery covered by additional requirements (e.g. occupational health and safety regulations, regulations for power plants) additional test conditions and special evaluation methods can apply.

ISO 8178-6:2018 specifies a data format for reporting the measurement results of exhaust emissions from RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for motor vehicles primarily designed for road use. It includes basic information of the engine being tested. Equivalent data formats including those that are electronically generated can be used as long as the required engine, test cell and test data information is made available. ISO 8178-6:2018 applies to measurement in the laboratory and, where applicable, at site. For engines used in machinery covered by additional requirements (e.g. occupational health and safety regulations, dust regulations for powerplants), additional test conditions and special evaluation methods can apply. NOTE Since the report format defined in this document is intended to be applicable to all types of internal combustion engines, some items are, in certain cases, not necessary for specific engines and/or tests, especially when measuring on site. On the other hand, some additional items can be necessary according to test purposes. Deletion and addition of items to be reported are based on agreement between the parties involved.

ISO 8178-8:2015 specifies the parameters to be applied for the determination of which engine specifications can be included in an engine group and for the selection of the parent engine of the group. It can be applied for applications that might require modification or adjustment to suit at-site operating conditions. Such applications include stationary engines and engines for shipping.

ISO 8178-7:2015 specifies the parameters to be applied for the determination of which engine specifications may be included in an engine family and for the selection of the parent engine of the family. ISO 8178-7:2015 is applicable to reciprocating internal combustion engines for land, rail traction, and marine use, excluding engines for motor vehicles primarily designed for on-road operation. It may be applied to engines for power production and/or propulsion, e.g. agricultural equipment, road construction and earth moving machines, industrial trucks, generating sets, etc.

This International Standard specifies the general requirements and the installation of apparatus for measurement of the opacity and for the determination of the light absorption coefficient of exhaust gas from internal combustion engines (not confined to road vehicles). These instruments are known as opacimeters.

ISO 8178-4:2017 specifies the test cycles, the test procedures and the evaluation of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines coupled to a dynamometer. With certain restrictions, this document can also be used for measurements at site. The tests are carried out under steady-state and transient operation using test cycles which are representative of given applications. ISO 8178-4:2017 is applicable to RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for on-road transport of passengers and goods. It may be applied to engines for non-road use, e.g. for earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications. For engines used in machinery covered by additional requirements (e.g. occupational health and safety regulations, regulations for power plants) additional test conditions and special evaluation methods may apply.

ISO 8178-1:2017 specifies the measurement methods for gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines on a test bed, necessary for determining one weighted value for each exhaust gas pollutant. Various combinations of engine load and speed reflect different engine applications (see ISO 8178‑4). ISO 8178-1:2017 is applicable to RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for motor vehicles primarily designed for road use. This document can be applied to engines used, for example, for earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications. In limited instances, the engine can be tested on the test bed in accordance with ISO 8178‑2, to test in field conditions. This can only occur with the agreement of the parties involved. It should be recognized that data obtained under these circumstances may not agree completely with previous or future data obtained under the auspices of this document. For engines used in machinery covered by additional requirements (e.g. occupational health and safety regulations, regulations for power plants), additional test conditions and special evaluation methods may apply. Where it is not possible to use a test bed or where information is required on the actual emissions produced by an in-service engine, the site test procedures and calculation methods specified in ISO 8178‑2 are appropriate.

ISO 8178-5:2015 specifies fuels whose use is recommended for performing the exhaust emission test cycles given in ISO 8178-4. It is applicable to reciprocating internal combustion engines for mobile, transportable and stationary installations excluding engines for vehicles primarily designed for road use. This part of ISO 8178 may be applied to engines used, e.g. earth-moving machines and generating sets, and for other applications.

ISO 8178-9:2012 specifies the measurement procedures and test cycles for the evaluation of smoke emissions from compression ignition engines on the test bed. For transient smoke test cycles, smoke testing is conducted using smokemeters which operate on the light extinction principle. The purpose of ISO 8178-9:2012 is to define the smoke test cycles and the methods used to measure and analyse smoke. Specifications for measurement of smoke using the light extinction principle can be found in ISO 11614.

ISO 8178-5:2008 specifies fuels whose use is recommended for performing the exhaust emission test cycles given in ISO 8178-4 and ISO 8178-11. It is applicable to reciprocating internal combustion engines for mobile, transportable and stationary installations excluding engines for motor vehicles primarily designed for road use. It may be applied to engines used, e.g. earth-moving machines and generating sets, and for other applications.

ISO 8178-2:2008, together with ISO 8178-1 and ISO 8178-11, specifies the measurement and evaluation methods for gaseous and particulate exhaust emission from reciprocating internal combustion engines (RIC engines) under steady-state and transient conditions for field testing. ISO 8178-2:2008 is applied when RIC engines used in off-road vehicles, marine installations, generating sets, diesel rail traction or similar applications must be measured under field conditions or at site in order to determine the in-use compliance or when it is not possible to take the measurements under test-bed conditions or to use the test-bed measurement results.

ISO 8178-4:2007 specifies the test cycles for the measurement and the evaluation of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines coupled to a dynamometer. With certain restrictions, this part of ISO 8178 can also be used for measurements at site. The tests are carried out under steady-state operation using test cycles which are representative of given applications. ISO 8178-4:2007 is applicable to RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for motor vehicles primarily designed for road use. It may be applied to engines used, e.g. for earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications.

ISO 8178-1:2006 specifies the measurement and evaluation methods for gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines under steady-state conditions on a test bed, necessary for determining one weighted value for each exhaust gas pollutant. Various combinations of engine load and speed reflect different engine applications (see ISO 8178-4). ISO 8178-1:2006 is applicable to RIC engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for motor vehicles primarily designed for road use. ISO 8178-1:2006 may be applied to engines used, for example, for earth-moving machines, generating sets and for other applications. In limited instances, the engine can be tested on the test bed in accordance with ISO 8178-2, the field test document. This can only occur with the agreement of the parties involved. It should be recognised that data obtained under these circumstances may not agree completely with previous or future data obtained under the auspices of ISO 8178-1:2006. Therefore, it is recommended that this option be exercised only with engines built in very limited quantities such as very large marine or generating set engines. For engines used in machinery covered by additional requirements (e.g. occupational health and safety regulations, regulations for powerplants), additional test conditions and special evaluation methods may apply. Where it is not possible to use a test bed or where information is required on the actual emissions produced by an in-service engine, the site test procedures and calculation methods specified in ISO 8178-2 are appropriate.

ISO 8178-11:2006 specifies the measurement and evaluation methods for gaseous and particulate exhaust emission from reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines under transient conditions on a test bed, necessary for determining one value for each exhaust gas pollutant. The specific transient test cycle covered by ISO 8178-11:2006 is applicable to compression-ignition engines for mobile use with a power output between 37 kW and 560 kW, excluding engines for motor vehicles primarily designed for road use. ISO 8178-11:2006 may be applied to engines used in off-road vehicles and diesel powered off-road industrial equipment as described in ISO 8178-4. This includes, for example, engines for construction equipment including wheel loaders, bulldozers, crawler tractors, crawler loaders, truck-type loaders, off-highway trucks, hydraulic excavators, agricultural equipment, self propelled agricultural vehicles (including tractors), forestry equipment, fork lift trucks, road maintenance equipment and mobile cranes. Many of the procedures described below are detailed accounts of laboratory methods, since determining an emissions value requires performing a complex set of individual measurements, rather than obtaining a single measured value. Thus, the results obtained depend as much on the process of performing the measurements as they depend on the engine and test method.

ISO 8178-10 specifies the measurement procedures and test cycles for the evaluation of smoke emissions from compression ignition engines under field conditions. It is intended for use primarily as a support for in-use smoke testing programmes on engines that have been "certified" or "type approved" in accordance with the provisions of ISO 8178-9. For transient smoke test cycles, smoke testing is conducted using smokemeters that operate on the light extinction principle. The purpose of this part of ISO 8178 is to define the smoke test cycles and the methods used to measure and analyse smoke. The test procedures and measurement techniques described in this part of ISO 8178 are applicable to reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines in general. However, an engine application can only be evaluated using this part of ISO 8178 once the appropriate test cycle has been developed.

Specifies the parameters to be applied for the determination of which engine specifications my be included in an engine group and for section of the parent engine of the family.

Specifies the parameters to be applied for the determination of which engine specifications my be included in an engine group and for selection of the parent engine of the family. Applicable to engines used for power production, agricultural equipment, road construction, earth moving machines, rail traction and marine use, excluding engines for motor vehicles primarily designed for on-road traffic.

Specifies the test cycles for the measurement and the evaluation of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from reciprocating internal combustion engines coupled to a dynamometer. With some restrictions the test can also be used for measurements at site. Applies to engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for motor vehicles primarily designed for road traffic.

Specifies the measurement and evaluation methods for gaseous and particulate exhaust emission from reciprocating internal combustion engines under steady-state conditions at site. Does preferably apply for engines used in marine installations, generators and diesel electric rail traction or similar applications when it is not possible to take the measurements under test-bed conditions.

Specifies the measurement and evaluation methods for gaseous and particulate exhaust emission from reciprocating internal combustion engines under steady-state conditions on a test bed. Applies to engines for mobile, transportable and stationary use, excluding engines for motor vehicles primarily designed for road traffic.

Specifies two methods for the measurement of exhaust gas smoke characteristics of reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines operating under steady-state conditions. Does not deal with measurement under transient conditions. Applicable to RIC engines for land, rail-traction and marine use, including engines used to propel agricultural tractors and road vehicles.