ISO 12353-1:2020
(Main)Road vehicles — Traffic accident analysis — Part 1: Vocabulary
Road vehicles — Traffic accident analysis — Part 1: Vocabulary
This document establishes a vocabulary relating to the investigation and analysis of road traffic accidents and to the application of accident data. It also lists other, commonly used terms in the domain. NOTE Additional terms and definitions, related to configuration aspects of road vehicle collisions, can be found in ISO 6813.
Véhicules routiers — Analyse des accidents de la circulation — Partie 1: Vocabulaire
Le présent document établit le vocabulaire relatif aux enquêtes sur les accidents de la circulation routière et à leur analyse ainsi qu'à l'application des informations sur les accidents. Il donne également d'autres termes communément utilisés dans le domaine. NOTE D'autres termes et définitions concernant les aspects à la configuration des collisions de véhicules routiers sont donnés dans l'ISO 6813.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL
ISO
STANDARD
12353-1
Second edition
NORME
Deuxième édition
2020-01
INTERNATIONALE
Road vehicles — Traffic accident
analysis —
Part 1:
Vocabulary
Véhicules routiers — Analyse
des accidents de la circulation —
Partie 1:
Vocabulaire
Reference number
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2020
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© ISO 2020
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Published in Switzerland/Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
Normative references . 1
Terms related to classification and inclusion . 1
4 Terms related to accident-descriptive elements and data collection.3
5 Terms related to crash analysis and reconstruction .13
Terms related to aggregate data analysis and interpretation .19
Annex A (informative) Fundamental road terms.21
Bibliography
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................24
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www. iso. org/d irectives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www. iso. org/p atents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www. iso. org/
iso/f oreword. html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 36,
Safety and impact testing.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12353-1:2002), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Revision of the following terms and/or definitions: 3.8, 3.13, 3.14, 4.1, 4.2.5, 4.2.20, 4.2.21, 4.2.21.1,
4.2.21.3, 4.2.21.3.1, 4.3.1, 4.3.7, 4.3.14.5, 4.3.16, 4.3.18, 4.3.22 (old deleted), 4.3.23, 5.1, 5.2, 5.5, 5.16,
5.18, 5.22.2, 5.26, 5.27, 5.28, 5.31, 5.34, and 5.40.1;
— Table A.1;
— Removal of A.3;
— Redrawn figures, and;
— Added references in Bibliography.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12353 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved/Tous droits réservés
Introduction
The various clauses of this document are based on a model of the accident analysis process as outlined
in Figure 1.
NOTE The numbers in parentheses correspond to clauses in this document.
Figure 1 — Road traffic accident analysis
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12353-1:2020(E/F)
Road vehicles — Traffic accident analysis —
Part 1:
Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document establishes a vocabulary relating to the investigation and analysis of road traffic
accidents and to the application of accident data.
It also lists other, commonly used terms in the domain.
NOTE Additional terms and definitions, related to configuration aspects of road vehicle collisions, can be
found in ISO 6813.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms related to classification and inclusion
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
road vehicle accident
unintended event that involves at least one road vehicle (4.3) in motion and leads to personal injury
(4.4.6) or property damage, or both
3.2
accident classification
classification of road vehicle accidents (3.1) according to a predetermined classification system
Note 1 to entry: There is no common and universally useful classification of accident types. Several systems have
proven useful in accident research and analysis, for example:
— accident classification by vehicle type,
— accident classification by injury severity (4.4.6.2),
— accident classification by damage severity,
— accident classification by number of vehicles,
— accident classification by first harmful event (5.26), and
— accident classification by location.
Attention is here drawn to some common terms used for accident classification.
Note 2 to entry: See 5.26 for definition of first harmful event.
3.3
injury accident
road vehicle accident (3.1) in which at least one road user (4.4) sustains an injury (4.4.6)
3.3.1
fatal accident
injury accident (3.3) in which at least one road user (4.4) sustains a fatal injury (4.4.6)
3.4
damage-only accident
property damage accident
road vehicle accident (3.1) in which the only outcome is damage to vehicles, or other property, with no
injury (4.4.6)
3.5
on-road accident
road vehicle accident (3.1) in which the first harmful event (5.26) occurs on the road
3.6
off-road accident
road vehicle accident (3.1) in which the first harmful event (5.26) occurs off the road
3.7
towaway accident
road vehicle accident (3.1) in which at least one vehicle is removed from the scene for reasons of
vehicle damage
3.8
single-vehicle accident
road vehicle accident (3.1) in which only one vehicle is involved
3.9
multi-vehicle accident
road vehicle accident (3.1) in which more than one vehicle is involved
3.10
accident-involved vehicle
vehicle involved in a road vehicle accident (3.1)
3.11
injury vehicle
accident-involved vehicle (3.10) in (or on) which at least one vehicle occupant sustains an injury (4.4.6)
3.11.1
fatal vehicle
injury vehicle (3.11) in (or on) which at least one vehicle occupant sustains a fatal injury (4.4.6)
3.12
non-injury vehicle
accident-involved vehicle (3.10) in (or on) which no vehicle occupant sustains an injury (4.4.6)
3.12.1
non-fatal vehicle
accident-involved vehicle (3.10) in (or on) which no vehicle occupant sustains a fatal injury (4.4.6)
3.13
damaged vehicle
vehicle involved sustaining damage
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3.14
undamaged vehicle
vehicle involved not sustaining damage
3.1.15
towaway vehicle
vehicle involved in a towaway accident (3.7) and removed from the scene for reasons of vehicle damage
3.16
non-towaway vehicle
vehicle involved in a towaway accident (3.7) and not removed from the scene for reasons of vehicle damage
3.17
inclusion criteria
sampling criteria
principle of evaluation of scope and coverage of an accident investigation (4.1) referring to different aspects
Note 1 to entry: An aspect of an accident investigation could be a road user (4.4), vehicle, injury (4.4.6) or fatality
(4.4.10.1), traffic environment or property damage.
3.18
sampling unit
combination of inclusion criteria (3.17) used for selection of data
EXAMPLE Injured passenger car drivers (4.4.1.2).
3.19
data source
origin of data in terms of time and type of investigation, type of institution or organization, and type
of record
4 Terms related to accident-descriptive elements and data collection
4.1
accident investigation
acquisition and documentation of factual information regarding an accident
Note 1 to entry: An accident investigation can include on-scene elements, elements collected retrospectively, or
both these.
4.1.1
first-level investigation
accident investigation (4.1) conducted by an investigator without specialized knowledge
4.1.2
in-depth investigation
accident investigation (4.1) conducted by an investigator with specialized knowledge
Note 1 to entry: An in-depth investigation covers one or more aspects of an accident in more detail than a first
level investigation.
4.1.3
multidisciplinary investigation
accident investigation (4.1) conducted by a team of investigators with specialized knowledge
encompassing several professional disciplines
4.1.4
self-reported investigation
accident investigation (4.1) based on data submitted by a person involved in an accident
4.1.5
on-scene investigation
accident investigation (4.1) conducted at the accident scene (4.2) with the purpose of collecting on-scene
information before physical evidence (e.g. the vehicles involved) has been removed
4.2
accident scene
area of a traffic accident before the vehicles and people involved have left
4.2.1
accident site
geographic location of the accident scene (4.2)
Note 1 to entry: The accident site may be given as exact coordinates [see point of impact (5.23)] or in a less
detailed way.
4.2.2
road category
trafficway category
subdivision of road, with respect to a predetermined set of parameters
Note 1 to entry: A road may be categorized by a description of the following parameters:
— main function (long distance, local, parking lot, etc.);
— size (width, number of lanes, etc.);
— separation level (vertical or horizontal);
— access restrictions (from adjacent areas);
— type of surface;
— design standard;
— road user (4.4) preferences or restrictions (allowed or prohibited traffic).
If this method is not applicable, a definition according to other relevant standards could be accepted, provided
that the reference source is given. For more details, see Annex A.
4.2.3
roadside
area adjoining the outer edge of the road
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.1.
4.2.4
median strip, US
central reservation, GB
median
dividing strip
area separating two roadways
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.1.
4.2.5
traffic island
facility in an intersection, gore (see Table A.2), etc., designed to secure a safe and smooth passing of
vehicles or to ensure the safe crossing of pedestrians (4.4.2)
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4.2.6
bicycle way, GB
bikeway, US
part of a trafficway specifically designated as being open for pedal cycle travel
4.2.7
footpath, GB
pavement, GB
sidewalk, US
paved strip adjacent to the roadway intended for pedestrian (4.4.2) use
4.2.8
kerb, GB
curb, US
stone or concrete edging separating a road from a pavement (4.2.7) or a path
4.2.9
pedestrian crossing, GB
crosswalk, US
part of a road indicated for pedestrian crossing
4.2.10
road alignment
top view (plan view) of road geometry
4.2.11
r
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