ISO 3252

Powder metallurgy — Vocabulary

This document defines terms related to powder metallurgy. Powder metallurgy is the branch of metallurgy which relates to the manufacture of metallic powders, or of articles made from such powders with or without the addition of non-metallic powders, by the application of forming and sintering processes.

Métallurgie des poudres — Vocabulaire

Le présent document définit des termes relatifs à la métallurgie des poudres. La métallurgie des poudres est la branche de la métallurgie qui a trait à la fabrication de poudres métalliques, ou d'articles fabriqués à partir des dites poudres, avec ou sans addition de poudres non métalliques, par application de procédés de formage et de frittage.

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 01.040.77 - Metallurgy (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 77.160 - Powder metallurgy
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 119 - Powder metallurgy
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 119 - Powder metallurgy
• Current Stage: 6000 - International Standard under publication
• Completion Date: 31-Jan-2023

Relations

• Revises: ISO 3252:2019 - Powder metallurgy — Vocabulary
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

2022-11-07
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
ISO/TC 119
Date: 2022-11-21
Secretariat: SIS
Powder metallurgy — — Vocabulary
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
© ISO 2022

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this

publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,

including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission

can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.

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Published in Switzerland
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................... 4

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 1

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................... 1

3.1 Terms relating to powders ........................................................................................................................... 1

3.2 Terms relating to forming ......................................................................................................................... 10

3.3 Terms relating to sintering and characteristics of sintered materials ..................................... 21

3.4 Terms relating to post-sintering treatments ...................................................................................... 28

3.5 Terms relating to powder metallurgy materials ............................................................................... 29

Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................................... iv 4

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. v 5

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 1

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................... 1

3.1 Terms related to powders ............................................................................................................................ 1

3.2 Terms related to forming........................................................................................................................... 19

3.3 Terms related to sintering and characteristics of sintered materials ...................................... 37

3.4 Terms related to post-sintering treatments ....................................................................................... 44

3.5 Terms related to powder metallurgy materials ................................................................................ 45

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 47

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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national

standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally

carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a

technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.

International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in

the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all

matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119, Powder metallurgy, in collaboration

with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/SS M11, Powder

metallurgy, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna

Agreement).

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119, Powder metallurgy.

This sixth edition cancels and replaces the fifth edition (ISO 3252:2019), which has been technically

revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— several new definitions and figures related to forming (3.2) have been added.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Introduction
The terms are classified alphabetically under the following categories:
— powders;
— forming;
— sintering and characteristics of sintered materials;
— post-sintering treatments;
— powder metallurgy materials.

NOTE Additional information on certain terms defined can be found in the standards given in Notes to entry.

These are listed in the Bibliography.
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Powder metallurgy — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document defines terms related to powder metallurgy.

Powder metallurgy is the branch of metallurgy which relates to the manufacture of metallic powders, or

of articles made from such powders with or without the addition of non-metallic powders, by the

application of forming and sintering processes.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 Terms related to powders
3.1.1
acicular, adj.
needle-like particle form
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Figure 1 — Acicular
3.1.2
agglomerate
several particles adhering together
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Key
1 grain
2 particle
3 agglomerate
Figure 2 — Diagramatic representation of grain, particle and agglomerate
3.1.3
alloyed powder

metal powder consisting of at least two constituents that are partially or completely alloyed with each

other
3.1.4
angle of repose

basal angle of a pile formed by a powder when freely poured under specified conditions on to a

horizontal surface
3.1.5
angular, adj.
sharp-edged or roughly polyhedral
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Figure 3 — Angular
3.1.6
apparent density
mass per unit volume of a powder obtained following specific methods

Note 1 to entry: For example, ISO 3923-1 related to free-flowing powders and ISO 3923-2 related to non-free-

flowing powders.
3.1.7
atomization
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)

dispersion of a molten metal into particles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechanical

means
[SOURCE: ASTM B243-17]
3.1.8
atomized metal powder
metal powder produced by atomization (3.1.7)
3.1.9
binder

material added to the powder mix to increase the green strength (3.2.48) of the compact or to

counteract dusting and segregation (3.1.75) of fine particulate mix constituents, and which is expelled

during sintering

Note 1 to entry: In hard metals, it is also used for material (binder metal, usually of lower melting point) added to

a powder mixture for the specific purpose of cementing together powder particles which alone would not sinter

into a strong body.
Note 2 to entry: Cementing medium is also used in the field of hard metals.
3.1.10
blended powder
powder made by blending (3.1.11)
3.1.11
blending
thorough intermingling of powders of the same nominal composition
Note 1 to entry: Not to be confused with mixing (3.1.53).
3.1.12
bridging
formation of arched cavities in a powder mass
3.1.13
bulk density
mass per unit volume of a powder under nonstandard conditions
3.1.14
cake
bonded mass of unpressed metal powder
EXAMPLE The condition of a powder mass as it exits an annealing furnace.
3.1.15
carbonyl powder
powder produced by the thermal decomposition of a metal carbonyl
3.1.16
chill-block cooling

process for producing rapidly solidified powders by cooling a thin layer of molten material on a solid

substrate
3.1.17
chopped powder
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
powder produced by chopping material such as sheet, ribbon, fibre or filament
3.1.18
classification
separation of powder into fractions according to particle size
3.1.19
coated powder
powder consisting of particles having a surface layer of different composition
3.1.20
comminuted powder
powder produced by mechanical disintegration of solid metal
3.1.21
compactability

encompassing the powder characteristics of compressibility (3.1.24), green strength (3.2.48), edge

retention, and lamination tendency, that relates to the ability of a powder to be consolidated into a

usable green compact (3.2.11)

Note 1 to entry: Compactability is a conceptual term and may be a function of flowability, compressibility and

green strength.
3.1.22
completely alloyed powder

alloyed powder (3.1.3) in which each powder particle has a homogeneous chemical composition being

that of the entire powder
3.1.23
composite powder
powder in which each particle consists of two or more different constituents
3.1.24
compressibility
capacity of a powder to be densified under an uniaxially applied pressure

Note 1 to entry: The pressure applied is usually a uniaxial pressure in a closed die. Compressibility may be

expressed as the pressure needed to reach a required density or as the density obtained at a given pressure.

Note 2 to entry: See ISO 3927.
3.1.25
compression ratio

ratio of the volume of the loose powder to the volume of the compact made from it

3.1.26
cut
fraction of a powder nominally within stated particle size limits
3.1.27
dehydrided powder
powder made by removal of hydrogen from metal hydride
3.1.28
demixing
loss of homogeneity of a powder mix due to excessive mixing time
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
3.1.29
dendritic, adj.
branch-shaped
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 4.
Figure 4 — Dendritic
3.1.30
diffusion-alloyed powder

partially alloyed powder (3.1.3) produced by means of a thermal process involving diffusion

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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
3.1.31
dopant

substance added in small quantity to a metallic powder to prevent or control recrystallization or grain

growth either during sintering (3.3.60) or during use of the resultant sintered object

Note 1 to entry: This term is especially used in the powder metallurgy of tungsten.

3.1.32
electrolytic powder
powder produced by an electrolytic process
3.1.33
elutriation

classification (3.1.18) of a powder through movement of the particles through a fluid medium

EXAMPLE Air classification and liquid classification.
3.1.34
feedstock

mouldable mixture of metal powder and binder (3.1.9) used for injection moulding or powder extrusion

3.1.35
fibrous, adj.
having the appearance of regularly or irregularly shaped threads
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 5.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Figure 5 — Fibrous
3.1.36
fill factor

ratio of the height to which a powder fills a die to the height of the compact,

measured after ejection from the die
3.1.37
fines

fraction of a powder that passes through the smallest sieve size used in the sieve analysis (3.1.76)

3.1.38
flaky, adj.
plate-like particle form
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 6.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Figure 6 — Flaky
3.1.39
flowability

behaviour of a powder when flowing through a funnel of defined

dimension
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 4490 and ISO 13517.
3.1.40
flowmeter
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)

standardized funnel and cylindrical cup used for the determination of apparent density (3.1.6) and flow

rate (3.1.41)
Note 1 to entry: For apparent density see ISO 3923-1 and ISO 3923-2.
Note 2 to entry: For flow rate see ISO 4490 and ISO 13517.
3.1.41
flow rate

time required for a powder sample of standard weight to flow through an orifice in a standard

instrument according to a specified procedure
[SOURCE: ASTM B243-17]
3.1.42
granular, adj.
approximately equidimensional non-spherical shape
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 7.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Figure 7 — Granular
3.1.43
granulation

agglomeration of fine particles to obtain a coarser powder with improved flowability

3.1.44
hydrogen loss

loss in weight of metal powder or of a compact caused by heating a representative sample for a

specified time and temperature in a purified hydrogen atmosphere

Note 1 to entry: Broadly, a measure of the oxygen content of the sample when applied to materials containing only

such oxides as are reducible with hydrogen and no hydride forming element. See also ISO 4491-2.

3.1.45
hydrogen-reducible oxygen

oxygen content of a powder emanating from oxygen-bearing constituents reduced by hydrogen under

standardized conditions
Note 1 to entry: See also ISO 4491-3.
3.1.46
irregular
lacking any symmetry
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 8.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Figure 8 — Irregular
3.1.47
lubricant

material used to reduce inter-particle friction and the friction between the powder mass and the tooling

3.1.48
master alloy powder

alloyed powder (3.1.3) containing a relatively high concentration of one or more elements that may be

difficult to introduce in their unalloyed states

Note 1 to entry: The master alloy powder is mixed with other powders to produce the required final composition.

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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
3.1.49
mechanical alloying
process of alloying in the solid state by high-energy attritor or ball-mill
3.1.50
mechanically alloyed powder

composite powder (3.1.23) produced by mechanically incorporating other constituents which are

generally insoluble within the deformable particles of the matrix metal
3.1.51
milling

mechanical treatment of metal powder, or metal powder mixtures, as in a ball mill, to alter the size or

shape of the individual particles or to coat one component of the mixture with another

3.1.52
mixed powder

powder made by mixing powders, where the constituent powders differing in composition

3.1.53
mixing
thorough intermingling of powders of two or more materials
3.1.54
nodular, adj.
rounded irregular shape
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 9.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Figure 9 — Nodular
3.1.55
oversize

fraction of a powder sample with particle size larger than any specified upper limit

3.1.56
oversize particle
particle larger than any specified upper limit
3.1.57
partially alloyed powder

alloyed powder (3.1.3), the particles of which have not reached the completely alloyed state

3.1.58
particle

unit of powder that cannot readily be subdivided by the usual separation processes

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.

Note 2 to entry: The term “grain” is not synonymous with “particle” and should be used in its normal

metallurgical sense.
3.1.59
particle shape
external geometric form of a powder particle
3.1.60
particle size

linear dimension of an individual particle as determined by analysis with sieves or other suitable means

3.1.61
particle size distribution
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)

percentage by mass, by numbers or by volume, of each fraction into which a powder sample has been

classified with respect to size
Note 1 to entry: See also ISO 4497.
3.1.62
plasticizer

thermoplastic material used as a binder (3.1.9) for improving formability of powders

3.1.63
powder
particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size
3.1.64
pre-alloyed powder
completely alloyed powder (3.1.3) usually made by atomization of melt (3.1.7)
3.1.65
precipitated powder
powder produced by chemical precipitation from solution
3.1.66
press-ready mix
premix

mixture of powders with other ingredients designed to make the mixture ready for compaction

3.1.67
pulverization

reduction in particle size (3.1.60) of metal powder by mechanical means, a specific type of

disintegration
[SOURCE: ASTM B243-17]
3.1.68
pulverized powder
powder made by pulverization (3.1.67)
3.1.69
rapidly solidified powder

powder produced directly or in-directly at high solidification rates such that the particles have a

modified or metastable microstructure
3.1.70
reaction milling

process of mechanical alloying (3.1.49) in which a reaction takes place between the metal and additives,

the atmosphere or both
3.1.71
reduced powder
powder produced by chemical reduction of a metal compound without melting
3.1.72
sample splitter

device by means of which a previously obtained powder sample is split into representative portions

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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Note 1 to entry: See also ISO 3954.
3.1.73
sample thief

device used to draw a representative powder sample from a bulk quantity of powder

Note 1 to entry: See also ISO 3954.
3.1.74
sedimentation

settling of particles, suspended in a liquid, through the influence of an external force, such as gravity or

centrifugal force
3.1.75
segregation

unintentional separation of one or more constituents of a powder, for example, by particle size or

chemical composition
3.1.76
sieve analysis
screen analysis
screen classification

particle size distribution (3.1.61), usually expressed as the weight percentage retained upon each of a

series of standard sieves of decreasing size and the percentage passed by the sieve of finest size

Note 1 to entry: See also ISO 4497.
3.1.77
sieve set
calibrated series of non-magnetic wire-cloth sieves
Note 1 to entry: See also ISO 4497.
3.1.78
slurry
pourable viscous dispersion of powder in a liquid
3.1.79
specific surface area
total surface area of the particles per unit mass of powder
3.1.80
spheroidal, adj.
roughly spherical
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 10.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Figure 10 — Spheroidal
3.1.81
sponge powder

porous, reduced powder (3.1.71) produced by comminution of a metal sponge which is in itself a

coherent, highly porous metal
3.1.82
spray drying

process for granulating powders by the rapid evaporation of the liquid from the droplets of a slurry

(3.1.78)
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
3.1.83
tap density

mass per unit volume of a powder in a container that has been tapped under specified conditions

Note 1 to entry: See also ISO 3953.
3.1.84
tapping apparatus
device for the determination of tap density (3.1.83)
3.1.85
ultrasonically gas-atomized powder

powder produced by a gas atomization (3.1.7) process in which ultrasonic vibration is applied to the gas

jet
3.1.86
ultrasonic gas-atomizing

atomization (3.1.7) process in which ultrasonic vibration is applied to the gas jet

3.1.87
undersize

fraction of a powder sample with particle size (3.1.60) smaller than any specified lower limit

3.1.88
undersize particle
particle smaller than any specified lower limit
3.2 Terms related to forming
3.2.1
adaptor
device in which the press tools are mounted outside the press
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 11 and 12.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Key
1 upper punch (3.2.92) 11 die plate (3.2.24)
2 die (3.2.23) 12 clamp ring (3.2.8)
3 lower punch (3.2.57) 13 punch plate (3.2.73)
4 core rod (3.2.18) 14 punch riser (3.2.74)
5 guide rod (3.2.49) 15 Socketsocket (3.2.82)
6 filler plate (3.2.41) 16 base plate (3.2.4)
7 upper coupler plate (3.2.90) 17 core rod extension (3.2.20)
8 punch plate (3.2.73) 18 tie rod (3.2.85)
9 clamp ring (3.2.8) 19 lower coupler plate (3.2.55)
10 shrink ring (3.2.79) 20 core rod connector (3.2.19)
NOTE Other types and arrangements exist.
Figure 11 — Tool set and adaptor for a mechanical press
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Key
1 upper coupler plate (3.2.90) 8 tie rod (3.2.85)
2 upper plate (3.2.91) 9 lower plate (3.2.56)
3 upper plate (3.2.91) 10 lower plate (3.2.56)
4 upper plate (3.2.91) 11 lower plate (3.2.56)
5 guide rod (3.2.49) 12 base plate (3.2.4)
6 filler plate (3.2.41) 13 lower coupler plate (3.2.55)
7 die plate (3.2.24)
Figure 12 — — Adaptor for multi-level hydraulic press
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Key
1 upper punch (3.2.92) 11 punch plate (3.2.73)
2 upper punch (3.2.92) 12 clamp ring (3.2.8)
3 upper punch (3.2.92) 13 shrink ring (3.2.79)
4 die (3.2.23) 14 clamp ring (3.2.8)
5 lower punch (3.2.57) 15 clamp ring (3.2.8)
6 lower punch (3.2.57) 16 clamp ring (3.2.8)
7 lower punch (3.2.57) 17 socket (3.2.82)
8 core rod (3.2.18) 18 socket (3.2.82)
9 punch plate (3.2.73) 19 clamp ring (3.2.8)
10 punch plate (3.2.73) 20 core rod extension (3.2.20)
Figure 13 — — Tool set for a multi-level hydraulic press
3.2.2
adaptor table
member of the tool set designed to hold the bolster (3.2.79)
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
3.2.3
back relief
undesired dimensional reduction of the die (3.2.23) in the ejection direction
3.2.4
base plate

part of the tool set adaptor, transferring the force onto the bottom punch(es) into the machine-body

and providing the guide for the lower platens and die
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 11 and 12.
3.2.5
blank

pressed, presintered, or fully sintered compact, usually in the unfinished condition, requiring cutting,

machining, or some other operation to give it its final shape
3.2.6
brown body
debinded body ready to be sintered
3.2.7
canning

encapsulation (3.2.34) in a metallic container which is usually evacuated prior to sealing

3.2.8
clamp ring

member of the tool set ring designed to clamp a die (3.2.23), punch (3.2.72) or a core rod (3.2.18)

Note 1 to entry: See Figures 11 and 13.
3.2.9
cold isostatic pressing
CIP
isostatic pressing at ambient temperature
Note 1 to entry: The pressure-transmitting medium is normally a liquid
3.2.10
cold pressing
cold compacting

pressing metal powder using either compacting tools or CIP mould at ambient temperature

3.2.11
compact
green compact
object prepared from powder by cold-pressing or by injection-moulding
3.2.12
compacting
process of making a compact (3.2.11)
3.2.13
compacting pressure

specific compacting force related to the projected area of contact with the press punch(es)

3.2.14
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
composite compact
compound compact

metal powder compact consisting of two or more adhering layers, rings or other shapes of different

metals or alloys with each material retaining its original identity
3.2.15
compound
feedstock
mixture of metal powder, binder (3.1.9) and other additives
3.2.16
consolidation
process in which a powder or compact is densified
3.2.17
continuous-spray deposition

process for the production of a solid object by atomizing a molten or partially molten metallic stream

which, before solidification, impinges on a substrate, where solidification subsequently occurs

3.2.18
core rod

member of the tool set or mould forming the inner profile of a compacted or sintered object in the

compaction direction
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 11 and 13.
3.2.19
core rod connector

part of the tool set adaptor transmitting the movement of the machine for the core rod (3.2.18) to the

tool set
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 11.
3.2.20
core rod extension

part of the tool set adaption between the core rod connector (3.2.19) and the core rod (3.2.18)

Note 1 to entry: See Figures 11 and 13.
3.2.21
counter-pressure
top-punch hold-down pressure

pressure at which a compact is held between an upper and a lower punch (3.2.57) during a withdrawal

or ejection process (3.2.32)
3.2.22
debinding

remove binder (3.1.9) from injection moulded body before sintering (3.3.60)

3.2.23
die

member of the tool set forming the cavity in which the powder is compacted, or the sintered object is

re-pressed
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 11 and 13.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
3.2.24
die plate

upper plate of the tool set adaptor holding the clamp ring (3.2.8) bolster (3.2.79) and die (3.2.23)

Note 1 to entry: See Figures 11 and 12.
3.2.25
die wall lubrication

lubrication of die wall with solid or liquid lubricant (3.1.47) to eliminate and/or minimize the need for

admixed lubricant to the powder
3.2.26
double-action pressing

method by which powder is pressed in a die (3.2.23) between two punches moving from opposite

directions into the die cavity
3.2.27
dry-bag isostatic pressing
method of cold isostatic pressing (3.2.9) whereby the fle
...

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 3252
ISO/TC 119
Powder metallurgy — Vocabulary
Secretariat: SIS
Voting begins on: Métallurgie des poudres — Vocabulaire
2022-12-05
Voting terminates on:
2023-01-30
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 3252
ISO/TC 119
Powder metallurgy — Vocabulary
Secretariat: SIS
Voting begins on: Métallurgie des poudres — Vocabulaire
Voting terminates on:
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on

the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below

or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
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BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
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LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
Published in Switzerland
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
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DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3.1 Terms related to powders ............................................................................................................................................................. 1

3.2 Terms related to forming ........................................................................................................................................................... 14

3.3 Terms related to sintering and characteristics of sintered materials ............................................... 27

3.4 Terms related to post­sintering treatments ..............................................................................................................34

3.5 Terms related to powder metallurgy materials ..................................................................................................... 35

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................37

Index .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................38

iii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non­governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to

the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119, Powder metallurgy, in collaboration

with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/SS M11, Powder

metallurgy, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna

Agreement).

This sixth edition cancels and replaces the fifth edition (ISO 3252:2019), which has been technically

revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— several new definitions and figures related to forming (3.2) have been added.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Introduction
The terms are classified alphabetically under the following categories:
— powders;
— forming;
— sintering and characteristics of sintered materials;
— post­sintering treatments;
— powder metallurgy materials.

NOTE Additional information on certain terms defined can be found in the standards given in Notes to entry.

These are listed in the Bibliography.
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Powder metallurgy — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document defines terms related to powder metallurgy.

Powder metallurgy is the branch of metallurgy which relates to the manufacture of metallic powders,

or of articles made from such powders with or without the addition of non-metallic powders, by the

application of forming and sintering processes.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms related to powders
3.1.1
acicular, adj.
needle­like particle form
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Acicular
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
3.1.2
agglomerate
several particles adhering together
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
Key
1 grain
2 particle
3 agglomerate
Figure 2 — Diagramatic representation of grain, particle and agglomerate
3.1.3
alloyed powder

metal powder consisting of at least two constituents that are partially or completely alloyed with each

other
3.1.4
angle of repose

basal angle of a pile formed by a powder when freely poured under specified conditions on to a

horizontal surface
3.1.5
angular, adj.
sharp-edged or roughly polyhedral
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Figure 3 — Angular
3.1.6
apparent density
mass per unit volume of a powder obtained following specific methods

Note 1 to entry: For example, ISO 3923-1 related to free-flowing powders and ISO 3923-2 related to non-free-

flowing powders.
3.1.7
atomization

dispersion of a molten metal into particles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechanical

means
[SOURCE: ASTM B243­17]
3.1.8
atomized metal powder
metal powder produced by atomization (3.1.7)
3.1.9
binder

material added to the powder mix to increase the green strength (3.2.48) of the compact or to counteract

dusting and segregation (3.1.75) of fine particulate mix constituents, and which is expelled during

sintering

Note 1 to entry: In hard metals, it is also used for material (binder metal, usually of lower melting point) added to

a powder mixture for the specific purpose of cementing together powder particles which alone would not sinter

into a strong body.
Note 2 to entry: Cementing medium is also used in the field of hard metals.
3.1.10
blended powder
powder made by blending (3.1.11)
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
3.1.11
blending
thorough intermingling of powders of the same nominal composition
Note 1 to entry: Not to be confused with mixing (3.1.53).
3.1.12
bridging
formation of arched cavities in a powder mass
3.1.13
bulk density
mass per unit volume of a powder under nonstandard conditions
3.1.14
cake
bonded mass of unpressed metal powder
EXAMPLE The condition of a powder mass as it exits an annealing furnace.
3.1.15
carbonyl powder
powder produced by the thermal decomposition of a metal carbonyl
3.1.16
chill-block cooling

process for producing rapidly solidified powders by cooling a thin layer of molten material on a solid

substrate
3.1.17
chopped powder
powder produced by chopping material such as sheet, ribbon, fibre or filament
3.1.18
classification
separation of powder into fractions according to particle size
3.1.19
coated powder
powder consisting of particles having a surface layer of different composition
3.1.20
comminuted powder
powder produced by mechanical disintegration of solid metal
3.1.21
compactability

encompassing the powder characteristics of compressibility (3.1.24), green strength (3.2.48), edge

retention, and lamination tendency, that relates to the ability of a powder to be consolidated into a

usable green compact (3.2.11)

Note 1 to entry: Compactability is a conceptual term and may be a function of flowability, compressibility and

green strength.
3.1.22
completely alloyed powder

alloyed powder (3.1.3) in which each powder particle has a homogeneous chemical composition being

that of the entire powder
3.1.23
composite powder
powder in which each particle consists of two or more different constituents
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
3.1.24
compressibility
capacity of a powder to be densified under an uniaxially applied pressure

Note 1 to entry: The pressure applied is usually a uniaxial pressure in a closed die. Compressibility may be

expressed as the pressure needed to reach a required density or as the density obtained at a given pressure.

Note 2 to entry: See ISO 3927.
3.1.25
compression ratio

ratio of the volume of the loose powder to the volume of the compact made from it

3.1.26
cut
fraction of a powder nominally within stated particle size limits
3.1.27
dehydrided powder
powder made by removal of hydrogen from metal hydride
3.1.28
demixing
loss of homogeneity of a powder mix due to excessive mixing time
3.1.29
dendritic, adj.
branch­shaped
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 4.
Figure 4 — Dendritic
3.1.30
diffusion-alloyed powder

partially alloyed powder (3.1.3) produced by means of a thermal process involving diffusion

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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
3.1.31
dopant

substance added in small quantity to a metallic powder to prevent or control recrystallization or grain

growth either during sintering (3.3.60) or during use of the resultant sintered object

Note 1 to entry: This term is especially used in the powder metallurgy of tungsten.

3.1.32
electrolytic powder
powder produced by an electrolytic process
3.1.33
elutriation

classification (3.1.18) of a powder through movement of the particles through a fluid medium

EXAMPLE Air classification and liquid classification.
3.1.34
feedstock

mouldable mixture of metal powder and binder (3.1.9) used for injection moulding or powder extrusion

3.1.35
fibrous, adj.
having the appearance of regularly or irregularly shaped threads
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 5.
Figure 5 — Fibrous
3.1.36
fill factor

ratio of the height to which a powder fills a die to the height of the compact,

measured after ejection from the die
3.1.37
fines

fraction of a powder that passes through the smallest sieve size used in the sieve analysis (3.1.76)

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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
3.1.38
flaky, adj.
plate­like particle form
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 6.
Figure 6 — Flaky
3.1.39
flowability

behaviour of a powder when flowing through a funnel of defined dimension

Note 1 to entry: See ISO 4490 and ISO 13517.
3.1.40
flowmeter

standardized funnel and cylindrical cup used for the determination of apparent density (3.1.6) and flow

rate (3.1.41)
Note 1 to entry: For apparent density see ISO 3923-1 and ISO 3923-2.
Note 2 to entry: For flow rate see ISO 4490 and ISO 13517.
3.1.41
flow rate

time required for a powder sample of standard weight to flow through an orifice in a standard

instrument according to a specified procedure
[SOURCE: ASTM B243­17]
3.1.42
granular, adj.
approximately equidimensional non-spherical shape
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 7.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Figure 7 — Granular
3.1.43
granulation

agglomeration of fine particles to obtain a coarser powder with improved flowability

3.1.44
hydrogen loss

loss in weight of metal powder or of a compact caused by heating a representative sample for a specified

time and temperature in a purified hydrogen atmosphere

Note 1 to entry: Broadly, a measure of the oxygen content of the sample when applied to materials containing

only such oxides as are reducible with hydrogen and no hydride forming element. See also ISO 4491-2.

3.1.45
hydrogen-reducible oxygen

oxygen content of a powder emanating from oxygen-bearing constituents reduced by hydrogen under

standardized conditions
Note 1 to entry: See also ISO 4491-3.
3.1.46
irregular
lacking any symmetry
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 8.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Figure 8 — Irregular
3.1.47
lubricant

material used to reduce inter­particle friction and the friction between the powder mass and the tooling

3.1.48
master alloy powder

alloyed powder (3.1.3) containing a relatively high concentration of one or more elements that may be

difficult to introduce in their unalloyed states

Note 1 to entry: The master alloy powder is mixed with other powders to produce the required final composition.

3.1.49
mechanical alloying
process of alloying in the solid state by high-energy attritor or ball-mill
3.1.50
mechanically alloyed powder

composite powder (3.1.23) produced by mechanically incorporating other constituents which are

generally insoluble within the deformable particles of the matrix metal
3.1.51
milling

mechanical treatment of metal powder, or metal powder mixtures, as in a ball mill, to alter the size or

shape of the individual particles or to coat one component of the mixture with another

3.1.52
mixed powder

powder made by mixing powders, where the constituent powders differing in composition

3.1.53
mixing
thorough intermingling of powders of two or more materials
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
3.1.54
nodular, adj.
rounded irregular shape
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 9.
Figure 9 — Nodular
3.1.55
oversize

fraction of a powder sample with particle size larger than any specified upper limit

3.1.56
oversize particle
particle larger than any specified upper limit
3.1.57
partially alloyed powder

alloyed powder (3.1.3), the particles of which have not reached the completely alloyed state

3.1.58
particle

unit of powder that cannot readily be subdivided by the usual separation processes

Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.

Note 2 to entry: The term “grain” is not synonymous with “particle” and should be used in its normal metallurgical

sense.
3.1.59
particle shape
external geometric form of a powder particle
3.1.60
particle size

linear dimension of an individual particle as determined by analysis with sieves or other suitable means

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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
3.1.61
particle size distribution

percentage by mass, by numbers or by volume, of each fraction into which a powder sample has been

classified with respect to size
Note 1 to entry: See also ISO 4497.
3.1.62
plasticizer

thermoplastic material used as a binder (3.1.9) for improving formability of powders

3.1.63
powder
particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size
3.1.64
pre-alloyed powder
completely alloyed powder (3.1.3) usually made by atomization of melt (3.1.7)
3.1.65
precipitated powder
powder produced by chemical precipitation from solution
3.1.66
press-ready mix
premix

mixture of powders with other ingredients designed to make the mixture ready for compaction

3.1.67
pulverization

reduction in particle size (3.1.60) of metal powder by mechanical means, a specific type of disintegration

[SOURCE: ASTM B243­17]
3.1.68
pulverized powder
powder made by pulverization (3.1.67)
3.1.69
rapidly solidified powder

powder produced directly or in-directly at high solidification rates such that the particles have a

modified or metastable microstructure
3.1.70
reaction milling

process of mechanical alloying (3.1.49) in which a reaction takes place between the metal and additives,

the atmosphere or both
3.1.71
reduced powder
powder produced by chemical reduction of a metal compound without melting
3.1.72
sample splitter

device by means of which a previously obtained powder sample is split into representative portions

Note 1 to entry: See also ISO 3954.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
3.1.73
sample thief

device used to draw a representative powder sample from a bulk quantity of powder

Note 1 to entry: See also ISO 3954.
3.1.74
sedimentation

settling of particles, suspended in a liquid, through the influence of an external force, such as gravity or

centrifugal force
3.1.75
segregation

unintentional separation of one or more constituents of a powder, for example, by particle size or

chemical composition
3.1.76
sieve analysis
screen analysis
screen classification

particle size distribution (3.1.61), usually expressed as the weight percentage retained upon each of a

series of standard sieves of decreasing size and the percentage passed by the sieve of finest size

Note 1 to entry: See also ISO 4497.
3.1.77
sieve set
calibrated series of non­magnetic wire­cloth sieves
Note 1 to entry: See also ISO 4497.
3.1.78
slurry
pourable viscous dispersion of powder in a liquid
3.1.79
specific surface area
total surface area of the particles per unit mass of powder
3.1.80
spheroidal, adj.
roughly spherical
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 10.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Figure 10 — Spheroidal
3.1.81
sponge powder

porous, reduced powder (3.1.71) produced by comminution of a metal sponge which is in itself a

coherent, highly porous metal
3.1.82
spray drying

process for granulating powders by the rapid evaporation of the liquid from the droplets of a slurry

(3.1.78)
3.1.83
tap density

mass per unit volume of a powder in a container that has been tapped under specified conditions

Note 1 to entry: See also ISO 3953.
3.1.84
tapping apparatus
device for the determination of tap density (3.1.83)
3.1.85
ultrasonically gas-atomized powder

powder produced by a gas atomization (3.1.7) process in which ultrasonic vibration is applied to the gas

jet
3.1.86
ultrasonic gas-atomizing

atomization (3.1.7) process in which ultrasonic vibration is applied to the gas jet

3.1.87
undersize

fraction of a powder sample with particle size (3.1.60) smaller than any specified lower limit

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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
3.1.88
undersize particle
particle smaller than any specified lower limit
3.2 Terms related to forming
3.2.1
adaptor
device in which the press tools are mounted outside the press
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 11 and 12.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Key
1 upper punch (3.2.92) 11 die plate (3.2.24)
2 die (3.2.23) 12 clamp ring (3.2.8)
3 lower punch (3.2.57) 13 punch plate (3.2.73)
4 core rod (3.2.18) 14 punch riser (3.2.74)
5 guide rod (3.2.49) 15 socket (3.2.82)
6 filler plate (3.2.41) 16 base plate (3.2.4)
7 upper coupler plate (3.2.90) 17 core rod extension (3.2.20)
8 punch plate (3.2.73) 18 tie rod (3.2.85)
9 clamp ring (3.2.8) 19 lower coupler plate (3.2.55)
10 shrink ring (3.2.79) 20 core rod connector (3.2.19)
NOTE Other types and arrangements exist.
Figure 11 — Tool set and adaptor for a mechanical press
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Key
1 upper coupler plate (3.2.90) 8 tie rod (3.2.85)
2 upper plate (3.2.91) 9 lower plate (3.2.56)
3 upper plate (3.2.91) 10 lower plate (3.2.56)
4 upper plate (3.2.91) 11 lower plate (3.2.56)
5 guide rod (3.2.49) 12 base plate (3.2.4)
6 filler plate (3.2.41) 13 lower coupler plate (3.2.55)
7 die plate (3.2.24)
Figure 12 — Adaptor for multi-level hydraulic press
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
Key
1 upper punch (3.2.92) 11 punch plate (3.2.73)
2 upper punch (3.2.92) 12 clamp ring (3.2.8)
3 upper punch (3.2.92) 13 shrink ring (3.2.79)
4 die (3.2.23) 14 clamp ring (3.2.8)
5 lower punch (3.2.57) 15 clamp ring (3.2.8)
6 lower punch (3.2.57) 16 clamp ring (3.2.8)
7 lower punch (3.2.57) 17 socket (3.2.82)
8 core rod (3.2.18) 18 socket (3.2.82)
9 punch plate (3.2.73) 19 clamp ring (3.2.8)
10 punch plate (3.2.73) 20 core rod extension (3.2.20)
Figure 13 — Tool set for a multi-level hydraulic press
3.2.2
adaptor table
member of the tool set designed to hold the bolster (3.2.79)
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
3.2.3
back relief
undesired dimensional reduction of the die (3.2.23) in the ejection direction
3.2.4
base plate

part of the tool set adaptor, transferring the force onto the bottom punch(es) into the machine-body and

providing the guide for the lower platens and die
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 11 and 12.
3.2.5
blank

pressed, presintered, or fully sintered compact, usually in the unfinished condition, requiring cutting,

machining, or some other operation to give it its final shape
3.2.6
brown body
debinded body ready to be sintered
3.2.7
canning

encapsulation (3.2.34) in a metallic container which is usually evacuated prior to sealing

3.2.8
clamp ring

member of the tool set ring designed to clamp a die (3.2.23), punch (3.2.72) or a core rod (3.2.18)

Note 1 to entry: See Figures 11 and 13.
3.2.9
cold isostatic pressing
CIP
isostatic pressing at ambient temperature
Note 1 to entry: The pressure-transmitting medium is normally a liquid
3.2.10
cold pressing
cold compacting

pressing metal powder using either compacting tools or CIP mould at ambient temperature

3.2.11
compact
green compact
object prepared from powder by cold-pressing or by injection-moulding
3.2.12
compacting
process of making a compact (3.2.11)
3.2.13
compacting pressure

specific compacting force related to the projected area of contact with the press punch(es)

3.2.14
composite compact
compound compact

metal powder compact consisting of two or more adhering layers, rings or other shapes of different

metals or alloys with each material retaining its original identity
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
3.2.15
compound
feedstock
mixture of metal powder, binder (3.1.9) and other additives
3.2.16
consolidation
process in which a powder or compact is densified
3.2.17
continuous-spray deposition

process for the production of a solid object by atomizing a molten or partially molten metallic stream

which, before solidification, impinges on a substrate, where solidification subsequently occurs

3.2.18
core rod

member of the tool set or mould forming the inner profile of a compacted or sintered object in the

compaction direction
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 11 and 13.
3.2.19
core rod connector

part of the tool set adaptor transmitting the movement of the machine for the core rod (3.2.18) to the

tool set
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 11.
3.2.20
core rod extension

part of the tool set adaption between the core rod connector (3.2.19) and the core rod (3.2.18)

Note 1 to entry: See Figures 11 and 13.
3.2.21
counter-pressure
top-punch hold-down pressure

pressure at which a compact is held between an upper and a lower punch (3.2.57) during a withdrawal

or ejection process (3.2.32)
3.2.22
debinding

remove binder (3.1.9) from injection moulded body before sintering (3.3.60)

3.2.23
die

member of the tool set forming the cavity in which the powder is compacted, or the sintered object is

re­pressed
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 11 and 13.
3.2.24
die plate

upper plate of the tool set adaptor holding the clamp ring (3.2.8) bolster (3.2.79) and die (3.2.23)

Note 1 to entry: See Figures 11 and 12.
3.2.25
die wall lubrication

lubrication of die wall with solid or liquid lubricant (3.1.47) to eliminate and/or minimize the need for

admixed lubricant to the powder
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(E)
3.2.26
double-action pressing

method by which powder is pressed in a die (3.2.23) between two punches moving from opposite

directions into the die cavity
3.2.27
dry-bag isostatic pressing

method of cold isostatic pressing (3.2.9) whereby the flexible mould in which the powder or compact is

placed is rigidly mounted
3.2.28
dwell time
period during which constant pressure is applied to a compact
3.2.29
edge strength
ability of the edges of a compact to resist damage
3.2.30
ejection energy

total energy to eject a green compact (3.2.11) from die (3.2.23), obtained by integration of ejection force

(3.2.31) and displacement curve
3.2.31
ejection force
maximum force necessary to eject green compact (3.2.11) from die (3.2.23)
3.2.32
ejection process

operation by which a compact is pushed out from a die after completion of pressing

3.2.33
ejector

component of a press tool used for the ejection of a compact from the die (3.2.23)

3.2.34
encapsulation
enclosing a powder or a compact in a thin­walled container
3.2.35
explosive compaction
high-energy consolidation by means of a detonation shock wave
3.2.36
feed shoe

part of the compacting (3.2.12) press that delivers powder to the die cavity, usually by sliding an open

bottomed powder container over the open top of the die (3.2.23)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 14.
3.2.37
fill
quantity of powder required to charge a die (3.2.23)
3.2.38
fill height

distance between the lower punch face and the top of the die body in the fill position (3.2.39) of the

press tool set
© ISO 2022 – All
...

PROJET
NORME ISO/FDIS
FINAL
INTERNATIONALE 3252
ISO/TC 119
Métallurgie des poudres —
Secrétariat: SIS
Vocabulaire
Début de vote:
2022-12-05
Powder metallurgy — Vocabulary
Vote clos le:
2023-01-30
TRAITEMENT PARALLÈLE ISO/CEN
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSER-
VATIONS, NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PRO-
PRIÉTÉ DONT ILS AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT
CONNAISSANCE ET À FOURNIR UNE DOCUMEN-
TATION EXPLICATIVE.
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS
INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-
Numéro de référence
MERCIALES, AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE
ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
DES UTILISATEURS, LES PROJETS DE NORMES
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE
CONSIDÉRÉS DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR POSSI-
BILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES NORMES POUVANT
SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA RÉGLEMENTA-
TION NATIONALE. © ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
PROJET
NORME ISO/FDIS
FINAL
INTERNATIONALE 3252
ISO/TC 119
Métallurgie des poudres —
Secrétariat: SIS
Vocabulaire
Début de vote:
2022-12-05
Powder metallurgy — Vocabulary
Vote clos le:
2023-01-30
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2022
TRAITEMENT PARALLÈLE ISO/CEN

Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette

publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,

LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT

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VATIONS, NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PRO-

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INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-
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MERCIALES, AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE
ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
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© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés
TION NATIONALE. © ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
Sommaire Page

Avant-propos .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Domaine d'application ...................................................................................................................................................................................1

2 Références normatives ..................................................................................................................................................................................1

3 Termes et définitions ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3.1 Termes relatifs aux poudres ....................................................................................................................................................... 1

3.2 Termes relatifs au formage ....................................................................................................................................................... 14

3.3 Termes relatifs au frittage et caractéristiques des matériaux frittés ................................................28

3.4 Termes relatifs aux traitements après frittage ......................................................................................................34

3.5 Termes relatifs aux matériaux obtenus en métallurgie des poudres ................................................. 35

Bibliographie ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................38

Index .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................39

iii
© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
Avant-propos

L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes

nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est

en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude

a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,

gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux.

L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui

concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.

Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont

décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient en particulier de prendre note des différents

critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document

a été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2

(voir www.iso.org/directives).

L'attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de

droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable

de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant

les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de

l'élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l'Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de

brevets reçues par l'ISO (voir www.iso.org/brevets).

Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données

pour information, par souci de commodité, à l'intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un

engagement.

Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions

spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion

de l'ISO aux principes de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles

techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 119, Métallurgie des poudres, en

collaboration avec le comité technique CEN/SS M11, Métallurgie des poudres, du Comité européen de

normalisation (CEN), conformément à l'Accord de coopération technique entre l'ISO et le CEN (Accord

de Vienne).

Cette sixième édition annule et remplace la cinquième édition (ISO 3252:2019), qui a fait l'objet d'une

révision technique.
Les principales modifications sont les suivantes:

— ajout de plusieurs définitions et figures, nouvelles, dans le paragraphe relatif au formage (3.2).

Il convient que l'utilisateur adresse tout retour d'information ou toute question concernant le présent

document à l'organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes

se trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
Introduction
Les termes sont classés par ordre alphabétique, selon les catégories suivantes:
— poudres;
— formage;
— frittage et caractéristiques des matériaux frittés;
— traitements après frittage;
— matériaux obtenus en métallurgie des poudres.

NOTE Des informations supplémentaires relatives à certains des termes définis peuvent être trouvées dans

les normes citées dans les «Notes à l'article». Ces normes sont répertoriées dans la Bibliographie.

© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
PROJET FINAL DE NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
Métallurgie des poudres — Vocabulaire
1 Domaine d'application
Le présent document définit des termes relatifs à la métallurgie des poudres.

La métallurgie des poudres est la branche de la métallurgie qui a trait à la fabrication de poudres

métalliques, ou d'articles fabriqués à partir des dites poudres, avec ou sans addition de poudres non

métalliques, par application de procédés de formage et de frittage.
2 Références normatives
Le présent document ne contient aucune référence normative.
3 Termes et définitions

L'ISO et l'IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en

normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:

— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l'adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp

— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l'adresse https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Termes relatifs aux poudres
3.1.1
aciculaire, adj.
forme de particule semblable à une aiguille
Note 1 à l'article: Voir Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Aciculaire
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
3.1.2
agglomérat
ensemble de particules adhérant les unes aux autres
Note 1 à l'article: Voir Figure 2.
Légende
1 grain
2 particule
3 agglomérat
Figure 2 — Représentation schématique de grain, particule et agglomérat
3.1.3
poudre d'alliage

poudre métallique constituée d'au moins deux éléments alliés entre eux, partiellement ou totalement

3.1.4
angle de talus d'éboulement

angle de base du cône formé par une poudre qui s'écoule librement, dans des conditions spécifiées, sur

une surface horizontale
3.1.5
angulaire, adj.
à arêtes vives, ou grossièrement polyédrique
Note 1 à l'article: Voir Figure 3.
© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
Figure 3 — Angulaire
3.1.6
masse volumique apparente

masse par unité de volume d'une poudre obtenue conformément à des méthodes spécifiques

Note 1 à l'article: Par exemple, l'ISO 3923-1, relative aux poudres s'écoulant librement, et l'ISO 3923-2, relative

aux poudres ne s'écoulant pas librement.
3.1.7
atomisation

dispersion d'un métal fondu en particules par un jet de gaz ou de liquide à grande vitesse ou par un

moyen mécanique
[SOURCE: ASTM B243-17]
3.1.8
poudre métallique atomisée
poudre métallique obtenue par atomisation (3.1.7)
3.1.9
liant

matériau ajouté au mélange de poudre pour augmenter la résistance à cru (3.2.48) du comprimé ou

pour contrer le poudrage et la ségrégation (3.1.75) des fines particules constituant le mélange, et qui est

éliminé pendant le frittage

Note 1 à l'article: Dans le cas des métaux durs, se dit également d'un matériau (métal liant, à point de fusion

généralement plus bas) ajouté à un mélange de poudre dans le but spécifique de cémenter des particules de

poudre qui, seules, ne seraient pas frittées et ne formeraient pas une masse solide.

Note 2 à l'article: Le terme «agent de cémentation» est également utilisé dans le domaine des métaux durs.

3.1.10
poudre homogénéisée
poudre obtenue par homogénéisation (3.1.11)
© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
3.1.11
homogénéisation
mélange intime de poudres de même composition nominale
Note 1 à l'article: À ne pas confondre avec mixtion (3.1.53).
3.1.12
formation de ponts
formation de cavités voûtées dans une masse de poudre
3.1.13
masse volumique en vrac
masse par unité de volume d'une poudre dans des conditions non normalisées
3.1.14
gâteau
masse coalescée de poudre métallique non comprimée
EXEMPLE État d'une masse de poudre à la sortie d'un four de recuit.
3.1.15
poudre ex-carbonyle
poudre obtenue par décomposition thermique d'un métal carbonyle
3.1.16
trempe rapide sur substrat

procédé de production de poudres rapidement solidifiées par refroidissement d'une fine couche de

matériau fondu sur un substrat solide
3.1.17
poudre hachée, poudre découpée

poudre obtenue par découpage ou hachage de matériaux tels que feuilles, rubans, fibres ou filaments

3.1.18
classification
séparation d'une poudre en fractions selon la taille des particules
3.1.19
poudre enrobée, poudre revêtue

poudre constituée de particules ayant une couche superficielle de composition différente

3.1.20
poudre broyée
poudre obtenue par désintégration mécanique d'un métal solide
3.1.21
compactibilité

ensemble des caractéristiques d'une poudre que sont la compressibilité (3.1.24), la résistance à cru

(3.2.48), la tenue des arêtes et la tendance au feuilletage, et qui concerne l'aptitude d'une poudre à être

consolidée pour obtenir un comprimé cru (3.2.11)

Note 1 à l'article: La compactibilité est un terme conceptuel et peut être fonction de la coulabilité, de la

compressibilité et de la résistance à cru.
3.1.22
poudre complètement alliée

poudre d'alliage (3.1.3) dans laquelle chaque particule présente une composition chimique homogène,

identique à celle de la poudre tout entière
3.1.23
poudre composite

poudre dans laquelle chaque particule est constituée d'au moins deux composants distincts

© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
3.1.24
compressibilité

capacité d'une poudre à se densifier sous l'effet d'une pression appliquée de manière uniaxiale

Note 1 à l'article: En général, la pression appliquée est une pression uniaxiale dans une matrice fermée. La

compressibilité peut être exprimée comme étant la pression nécessaire pour atteindre une densité donnée, ou la

densité obtenue pour une pression donnée.
Note 2 à l'article: Voir l'ISO 3927.
3.1.25
rapport de compression

rapport du volume de la poudre non comprimée au volume du comprimé produit à partir de celle-ci

3.1.26
classe granulométrique

fraction d'une poudre dont la taille nominale des particules est comprise entre des limites prescrites

3.1.27
poudre déhydrurée
poudre obtenue par élimination de l'hydrogène d'un hydrure métallique
3.1.28
démixtion
perte d'homogénéité d'un mélange de poudre due à un temps de mixtion excessif
3.1.29
dendritique, adj.
à structure ramifiée
Note 1 à l'article: Voir Figure 4.
Figure 4 — Dendritique
3.1.30
poudre alliée par diffusion

poudre partiellement alliée (3.1.3) obtenue par un procédé thermique impliquant une diffusion

© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
3.1.31
dopant

substance ajoutée en faible quantité à une poudre métallique pour empêcher ou maîtriser la

recristallisation ou la croissance des grains, soit lors du frittage (3.3.60), soit lors de l'emploi de l'objet

fritté qui en résulte

Note 1 à l'article: Ce terme est surtout utilisé en métallurgie des poudres de tungstène.

3.1.32
poudre électrolytique
poudre obtenue par voie électrolytique
3.1.33
élutriation

classification (3.1.18) d'une poudre résultant d'un mouvement des particules à travers un milieu fluide

EXEMPLE Classification par l'air et classification par un liquide.
3.1.34
charge d'alimentation

mélange plastique de poudre métallique et de liant (3.1.9), utilisé pour un moulage par injection ou pour

une extrusion de poudre
3.1.35
fibreuse, adj.
ayant l'apparence de filaments de forme régulière ou irrégulière
Note 1 à l'article: Voir Figure 5.
Figure 5 — Fibreuse
3.1.36
facteur de remplissage

rapport de la hauteur à laquelle une poudre remplit la matrice à la hauteur

du comprimé mesurée après éjection hors de la matrice
© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
3.1.37
fines

fraction d'une poudre qui traverse la plus petite maille de tamis utilisée dans l'analyse par tamisage

(3.1.76)
3.1.38
lamellaire, adj.
forme de particule semblable à une paillette
Note 1 à l'article: Voir Figure 6.
Figure 6 — Lamellaire
3.1.39
aptitude à l'écoulement

comportement d'une poudre lorsqu'elle s'écoule à travers un entonnoir de dimension

définie
Note 1 à l'article: Voir l'ISO 4490 et l'ISO 13517.
3.1.40
débitmètre

entonnoir et récipient cylindrique normalisés utilisés pour la détermination de la masse volumique

apparente (3.1.6) et du débit (3.1.41)

Note 1 à l'article: Pour la masse volumique apparente, voir l'ISO 3923-1 et l'ISO 3923-2.

Note 2 à l'article: Pour le débit, voir l'ISO 4490 et l'ISO 13517.
3.1.41
débit

temps nécessaire à un échantillon de poudre de masse normalisée pour s'écouler par l'orifice d'un

instrument normalisé conformément à un mode opératoire spécifié
[SOURCE: ASTM B243-17]
© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
3.1.42
granulaire, adj.
de forme non sphérique approximativement équidimensionnelle
Note 1 à l'article: Voir Figure 7.
Figure 7 — Granulaire
3.1.43
granulation

agglomération de particules fines pour obtenir une poudre plus grosse dont l'aptitude à l'écoulement

est améliorée
3.1.44
perte dans l'hydrogène

perte de masse d'une poudre métallique ou d'un comprimé, causée par chauffage d'un échantillon

représentatif pendant une durée et à une température spécifiées dans une atmosphère d'hydrogène

purifié

Note 1 à l'article: Plus généralement, mesure de la teneur en oxygène de l'échantillon lors de l'application du

procédé à des matériaux ne contenant que des oxydes réductibles par l'hydrogène et ne contenant aucun élément

formant des hydrures. Voir également l'ISO 4491-2.
3.1.45
oxygène réductible par l'hydrogène

teneur en oxygène d'une poudre découlant de constituants porteurs d'oxygène pouvant être réduit par

l'hydrogène dans des conditions normalisées
Note 1 à l'article: Voir également l'ISO 4491-3.
3.1.46
irrégulière
dépourvue de toute symétrie
Note 1 à l'article: Voir Figure 8.
© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
Figure 8 — Irrégulière
3.1.47
lubrifiant

matériau utilisé pour réduire le frottement entre particules et le frottement entre la masse de poudre

et l'outillage
3.1.48
poudre d'alliage mère

poudre d'alliage (3.1.3) contenant, en concentration relativement élevée, un ou plusieurs éléments qui

peuvent être difficiles à introduire à l'état non allié

Note 1 à l'article: La poudre d'alliage mère est mélangée à d'autres poudres pour obtenir la composition finale

requise.
3.1.49
alliage par mécanosynthèse

procédé d'alliage à l'état solide par broyeur à attrition ou à boulets à haute énergie

3.1.50
poudre alliée mécaniquement

poudre composite (3.1.23) obtenue par incorporation mécanique d'autres constituants qui sont

généralement insolubles dans les particules déformables du métal formant la matrice

3.1.51
broyage

traitement mécanique d'une poudre métallique, ou de mélanges de poudres métalliques, par exemple

dans un broyeur à boulets, pour modifier la taille ou la forme des particules individuelles ou pour

enrober un composant du mélange par un autre composant
3.1.52
poudre mélangée

poudre obtenue par mixtion de poudres, les poudres constitutives ayant une composition différente

3.1.53
mixtion
mélange intime de poudres d'au moins deux matériaux
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
3.1.54
nodulaire, adj.
de forme ronde irrégulière
Note 1 à l'article: Voir Figure 9.
Figure 9 — Nodulaire
3.1.55
non passant, refus

fraction d'un échantillon de poudre à taille de particule supérieure à toute limite supérieure spécifiée

3.1.56
particule non passante
particule de taille supérieure à toute limite supérieure spécifiée
3.1.57
poudre partiellement alliée

poudre d'alliage (3.1.3) dont les particules n'ont pas encore atteint l'état complètement allié

3.1.58
particule

constituant élémentaire d'une poudre qui ne peut être subdivisé facilement par les procédés usuels de

séparation
Note 1 à l'article: Voir Figure 2.

Note 2 à l'article: Le terme «grain» n'est pas synonyme de «particule»; il convient de l'utiliser dans son acception

métallurgique normale.
3.1.59
forme de particule
forme géométrique extérieure d'une particule de poudre
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
3.1.60
taille de particule

dimension linéaire d'une particule individuelle déterminée par analyse avec des tamis ou d'autres

moyens appropriés
3.1.61
répartition granulométrique

pourcentage, en masse, en nombre ou en volume, de chaque fraction d'un échantillon de poudre ayant

fait l'objet d'une classification selon la taille
Note 1 à l'article: Voir également l'ISO 4497.
3.1.62
plastifiant

matériau thermoplastique utilisé comme liant (3.1.9) pour améliorer la formabilité des poudres

3.1.63
poudre
particules de taille habituellement inférieure à 1 mm
3.1.64
poudre préalliée

poudre complètement alliée (3.1.3), généralement obtenue par atomisation (3.1.7) d’un métal fondu

3.1.65
poudre précipitée
poudre obtenue par précipitation chimique à partir d'une solution
3.1.66
mélange prêt à la compression
mélange prêt à l’emploi

mélange de poudres avec d'autres ingrédients étudiés de manière à ce que le mélange soit prêt à être

comprimé
3.1.67
pulvérisation

réduction de la taille de particule (3.1.60) d'une poudre métallique par un moyen mécanique, type

particulier de désintégration
[SOURCE: ASTM B243-17]
3.1.68
poudre pulvérisée
poudre obtenue par pulvérisation (3.1.67)
3.1.69
poudre rapidement solidifiée

poudre obtenue, directement ou indirectement, à des vitesses de solidification élevées de sorte que les

particules aient une microstructure modifiée ou métastable
3.1.70
broyage par réaction

procédé d'alliage par mécanosynthèse (3.1.49) dans lequel une réaction a lieu entre le métal et les

additifs ou l'atmosphère ou les deux
3.1.71
poudre réduite
poudre obtenue par réduction chimique d'un composé métallique, sans fusion
© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
3.1.72
diviseur d'échantillon

appareil au moyen duquel un échantillon de poudre obtenu préalablement est divisé en portions

représentatives
Note 1 à l'article: Voir également l'ISO 3954.
3.1.73
canne d'échantillonnage

appareil utilisé pour prélever un échantillon de poudre représentatif dans une quantité de poudre en

vrac
Note 1 à l'article: Voir également l'ISO 3954.
3.1.74
sédimentation

dépôt des particules en suspension dans un liquide, sous l'action d'une force extérieure telle que la

pesanteur ou la force centrifuge
3.1.75
ségrégation

séparation non intentionnelle d'un ou de plusieurs composants d'une poudre, par exemple par taille de

particule ou par composition chimique
3.1.76
analyse par tamisage

répartition granulométrique (3.1.61), généralement exprimée sous la forme du pourcentage en poids

retenu sur chacun d'une série de tamis normalisés de taille décroissante et du pourcentage ayant

traversé le tamis de plus petite taille
Note 1 à l'article: Voir également l'ISO 4497.

Note 2 à l'article: Le terme français «analyse par tamisage» est l’équivalent de trois termes synonymes en anglais:

«sieve analysis», «screen analysis» et «screen classification».
3.1.77
jeu de tamis
série calibrée de tamis à toiles non magnétiques
Note 1 à l'article: Voir également l'ISO 4497.
3.1.78
suspension, barbotine
dispersion visqueuse coulable de poudre dans un liquide
3.1.79
surface spécifique

aire de la surface totale des particules , rapportée à l'unité de masse de poudre

3.1.80
sphéroïdale, adj.
grossièrement sphérique
Note 1 à l'article: Voir Figure 10.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
Figure 10 — Sphéroïdale
3.1.81
poudre d'éponge

poudre réduite (3.1.71), poreuse, obtenue par broyage d'une éponge métallique, celle-ci étant, en soi, une

masse cohérente de métal très poreuse
3.1.82
séchage par pulvérisation

procédé de granulation des poudres par évaporation rapide du liquide des gouttelettes d'une suspension

(3.1.78)
3.1.83
masse volumique après tassement

masse par unité de volume d'une poudre dans un conteneur après son tassement dans des conditions

spécifiées
Note 1 à l'article: Voir également l'ISO 3953.
3.1.84
appareil de tassement

appareil utilisé pour la détermination de la masse volumique après tassement (3.1.83)

3.1.85
poudre atomisée au gaz en présence d'ultrasons

poudre obtenue par un procédé d'atomisation (3.1.7) au gaz dans lequel une vibration ultrasonique est

appliquée au jet de gaz
3.1.86
atomisation ultrasonique au gaz

procédé d'atomisation (3.1.7) dans lequel une vibration ultrasonique est appliquée au jet de gaz

3.1.87
passant

fraction d'un échantillon de poudre dont la taille de particule (3.1.60) est inférieure à toute limite

inférieure spécifiée
© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
3.1.88
particule passante
particule inférieure à toute limite inférieure spécifiée
3.2 Termes relatifs au formage
3.2.1
adaptateur

dispositif dans lequel les outils de compression sont montés à l'extérieur de la presse

Note 1 à l'article: Voir Figures 11 et 12.
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
Légende
1 poinçon supérieur (3.2.92) 11 table (3.2.24)
2 matrice (3.2.23) 12 bride de serrage (3.2.8)
3 poinçon inférieur (3.2.57) 13 plaque support de poinçon (3.2.73)
4 broche (3.2.18) 14 organe de remontée de poinçon (3.2.74)
5 tige de guidage (3.2.49) 15 socle (3.2.82)
6 plaque de remplissage (3.2.41) 16 plaque de base (3.2.4)
7 accouplement supérieur (3.2.90) 17 extension de broche (3.2.20)
8 plaque support de poinçon (3.2.73) 18 tige de traction (3.2.85)
9 bride de serrage (3.2.8) 19 accouplement inférieur (3.2.55)
10 frette (3.2.79) 20 connecteur de broche (3.2.19)
NOTE II existe d'autres types et d'autres configurations d'outillage.
Figure 11 — Outillage de compression et adaptateur pour presse mécanique
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
Légende
1 accouplement supérieur (3.2.90) 8 tige de traction (3.2.85)
2 plaque supérieure (3.2.91) 9 plaque inférieure (3.2.56)
3 plaque supérieure (3.2.91) 10 plaque inférieure (3.2.56)
4 plaque supérieure (3.2.91) 11 plaque inférieure (3.2.56)
5 tige de guidage (3.2.49) 12 plaque de base (3.2.4)
6 plaque de remplissage (3.2.41) 13 accouplement inférieur (3.2.55)
7 table (3.2.24)
Figure 12 — Adaptateur pour presse hydraulique multi-niveaux
© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
Légende
1 poinçon supérieur (3.2.92) 11 plaque support de poinçon (3.2.73)
2 poinçon supérieur (3.2.92) 12 bride de serrage (3.2.8)
3 poinçon supérieur (3.2.92) 13 frette (3.2.79)
4 matrice (3.2.23) 14 bride de serrage (3.2.8)
5 poinçon inférieur (3.2.57) 15 bride de serrage (3.2.8)
6 poinçon inférieur (3.2.57) 16 bride de serrage (3.2.8)
7 poinçon inférieur (3.2.57) 17 socle (3.2.82)
8 broche (3.2.18) 18 socle (3.2.82)
9 plaque support de poinçon (3.2.73) 19 bride de serrage (3.2.8)
10 plaque support de poinçon (3.2.73) 20 extension de broche (3.2.20)
Figure 13 — Outillage de compression pour presse hydraulique multi-niveaux
3.2.2
table d'adaptateur

élément de l'outillage de compression conçu pour supporter le support de matrice (3.2.79)

© ISO 2022 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO/FDIS 3252:2022(F)
3.2.3
contre-détente

réduction dimensionnelle indésirable de la matrice (3.2.23) dans le sens de l'éjection

3.2.4
plaque de base

partie de l’adaptateur d’outillage de compression qui transfère la force exercée sur le ou les pistons

inférieurs au corps de la machine et sert au guidage des plateaux inférieurs et de la matrice

Note 1 à l'article: Voir Figures 11 et 12.
3.2.5
ébauche

comprimé pressé, préfritté ou totalement fritté, généralement à l'état brut, nécessitant une opération

de coupe, d'usinage ou autre pour lui donner sa forme finale
3.2.6
corps brun

corps délianté prêt à être fritté

3.2.7
gainage

encapsulage (3.2.34) dans un conteneur métallique dans lequel, habituellement, le vide est fait avant

scellement
3.2.8
bride de serrage

élément de l'outillage de compression (bague) conçu pour fixer la matrice (3.2.23), le poinçon (3.2.72)

ou la broche (3.2.18)
Note 1 à l'article: Voir Figures 11 et 13.
3.2.9
compression isostatique à froid
CIF
compression isostatique à température ambiante

Note 1 à l'article: Le milieu de transmission de la pression est habituellement un liquide.

3.2.10
compression à froid
compactage à froid

compression d'une poudre métallique, à température ambiante, en utilisant soit un outillage de

compactage, soit un moule de compression isostatique à froid
3.2.11
comprimé, compact
compr
...