SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018
(Main)Protective clothing for firefighters - Physiological impact - Part 2: Determination of physiological heat load caused by protective clothing worn by firefighters (ISO 18640-2:2018)
Protective clothing for firefighters - Physiological impact - Part 2: Determination of physiological heat load caused by protective clothing worn by firefighters (ISO 18640-2:2018)
This European standard describes a thermophysiological model (thermal
human simulator) that uses the output data of the first part to obtain
physiological heat load criteria that predicts the (maximal) duration of
work in the protective clothing in fire fighters’ relevant conditions.
NOTE The human simulator method using the Sweating Torso (i.e.
coupling of the instrumented manikin with a thermo-physiological
feedback model) is validated for different scenarios by comparison to
human subject trials(1, 2). The scenarios also included warm and hot
environments as can be expected for firefighter applications. Core
temperature, being one of the most important physiological variables,
and mean skin temperature, which is a useful indicator of thermal comfort
sensation and of the overall condition of the body, are chosen as relevant
physiological parameters for the thermophysiological human simulator.
Schutzkleidung für die Feuerwehr - Physiologische Wärmebelastung - Teil 2: Bestimmung der physiologischen Wärmebelastung ausgelöst durch von Feuerwehrleuten getragene Schutzkleidung (ISO 18640-2:2018)
Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren zur Bewertung der thermophysio¬logischen Auswirkungen von Schutzkleidungs-Stoff-Aufbauten und möglichen Schutzkleidungsensembles im Rahmen einer simulierten Aktivität von Feuerwehrleuten unter festgelegten Bedingungen fest.
Dieses Dokument dient der Bewertung der thermophysiologischen Auswirkungen von Schutzkleidungs-Stoff-Aufbauten und potenzieller Schutzkleidungsensembles, aber nicht des Risikos des Wärmestaus aufgrund von tatsächlichen Brandbedingungen. Die Ergebnisse dieses Prüfverfahrens können als Elemente der Charakterisierung und zum Vergleich der thermophysiologischen Auswirkungen verschiedener Arten von Schutzkleidungs-Stoff-Aufbauten und potenzieller Schutzkleidungsensembles dienen.
Standard-Messungen werden auf Stoffproben durchgeführt, die die Kleidungsstücke oder Schutzkleidungs-kombinationen repräsentieren. Optional kann zusätzlich zum Standardprüfverfahren das gleiche Prüfproto¬koll angewandt werden, um Schutzkleidungsensembles mit Unterwäsche, Luftschichten und bestimmten Designmerkmalen zu charakterisieren. ) Darüber hinaus sind Messungen an fertigen Kleidungsstücken möglich.
ANMERKUNG Die momentan verwendeten Bewertungsmethoden sind nur für Kleidungsstücke zur Brandbekämpfung in Gebäuden validiert.
Vêtements de protection pour sapeurs-pompiers - Impact physiologique - Partie 2: Détermination de la déperdition de chaleur provoquée par les vêtements de protection portés par les sapeurs-pompiers (ISO 18640-2:2018)
Le présent document spécifie une méthode d'évaluation de l'effet thermo-physiologique d'ensembles d'étoffes de protection et potentiellement d'ensembles de vêtements de protection au cours d'une activité simulée dans des conditions définies pertinentes pour les sapeurs-pompiers.
Le présent document est destiné à être utilisé pour évaluer l'effet thermo-physiologique d'ensembles d'étoffes de protection et potentiellement d'ensembles de vêtements de protection, mais pas le risque de contrainte thermique dû à des conditions réelles d'incendie. Les résultats obtenus grâce à cette méthode d'essai peuvent être utilisés comme des éléments de caractérisation et de comparaison de l'effet thermo-physiologique de divers types d'ensembles d'étoffes de protection et potentiellement d'ensembles de vêtements de protection.
Des mesurages par défaut sont effectués sur des échantillons d'étoffe représentant le vêtement ou la combinaison de vêtements de protection. En option et en plus de la méthode d'essai normalisée, il est possible d'appliquer le même protocole d'essai pour caractériser des ensembles de vêtements de protection incluant des sous-vêtements, des couches d'air et certaines caractéristiques de conception[1]. De plus, des mesurages sur des vêtements prêt-à-porter sont possibles en option.
NOTE Les méthodes d'évaluation actuellement utilisées sont validées uniquement pour les vêtements de protection pour la lutte contre les feux de structure.
[1] Une étude menée à l'Empa (Laboratoire fédéral d'essai des matériaux et de recherche, Suisse) a révélé une bonne corrélation entre les résultats des essais normalisés sur torse (sans sous-vêtements ni couches d'air sur les étoffes) et ceux des essais effectués sur des étoffes avec sous-vêtements, des essais effectués sur des étoffes avec sous-vêtements et couches d'air et de l'essai effectué sur des vêtements prêt-à-porter (avec sous-vêtements et avec ou sans couches d'air) composés des mêmes matériaux. Du fait de la différence d'isolation thermique des systèmes, une comparaison directe des résultats n'est pas possible.
Varovalna obleka za gasilce - Fiziološki vpliv - 2. del: Določanje fiziološke toplotne obremenitve, ki jo povzroča varovalna obleka, ki jo nosijo gasilci (ISO 18640-2:2018)
Ta evropski standard opisuje termofiziološki model (toplotni simulator človeka), ki uporablja izhodne podatke prvega dela za oblikovanje meril fiziološke toplotne obremenitve in napoveduje (najdaljše) trajanje dela v varovalnih oblačilih v pogojih dela gasilcev. OPOMBA: metoda s simulatorjem človeka, ki uporablja torzo za potenje (tj. lutko, opremljeno z instrumenti in modelom za toplotno-fiziološke povratne informacije) je bil potrjen v različnih scenarijih, pri čemer je bila izvedena primerjava s preskušanji na ljudeh (1, 2). V te scenarije so bila vključena tudi topla in hladna okolja, ki jih je mogoče pričakovati pri delu gasilcev. Za termofiziološki simulator človeka sta bili kot upoštevana fiziološka parametra izbrani bazalna temperatura, ki je ena od najpomembnejših fizioloških spremenljivk, in povprečna temperatura kože, ki je koristen kazalnik občutka toplotnega udobja in splošnega stanja telesa.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018
01-julij-2018
9DURYDOQDREOHND]DJDVLOFH)L]LRORãNLYSOLYGHO 'RORþDQMHIL]LRORãNHWRSORWQH
REUHPHQLWYHNLMRSRY]URþDYDURYDOQDREOHNDNLMRQRVLMRJDVLOFL ,62
Protective clothing for firefighters - Physiological impact - Part 2: Determination of
physiological heat load caused by protective clothing worn by firefighters (ISO 18640-
2:2018)
Schutzkleidung für die Feuerwehr - Physiologische Wärmebelastung - Teil 2:
Bestimmung der physiologischen Wärmebelastung ausgelöst durch von
Feuerwehrleuten getragene Schutzkleidung (ISO 18640-2:2018)
Vêtements de protection pour sapeurs-pompiers - Impact physiologique - Partie 2:
Détermination de la déperdition de chaleur provoquée par les vêtements de protection
portés par les sapeurs-pompiers (ISO 18640-2:2018)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 18640-2:2018
ICS:
13.220.10 Gašenje požara Fire-fighting
13.340.10 Varovalna obleka Protective clothing
SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018
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SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018
EN ISO 18640-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
May 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.340.10
English Version
Protective clothing for firefighters - Physiological impact -
Part 2: Determination of physiological heat load caused by
protective clothing worn by firefighters (ISO 18640-
2:2018)
Vêtements de protection pour sapeurs-pompiers - Schutzkleidung für die Feuerwehr - Physiologische
Impact physiologique - Partie 2: Détermination de la Wärmebelastung - Teil 2: Bestimmung der
déperdition de chaleur provoquée par les vêtements de physiologischen Wärmebelastung ausgelöst durch von
protection portés par les sapeurs-pompiers (ISO Feuerwehrleuten getragene Schutzkleidung (ISO
18640-2:2018) 18640-2:2018)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 January 2018.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 18640-2:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018
EN ISO 18640-2:2018 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018
EN ISO 18640-2:2018 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 18640-2:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94
"Personal safety - Personal protective equipment" in collaboration with Technical Committee
CEN/TC 162 “Protective clothing including hand and arm protection and lifejackets” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2018, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 18640-2:2018 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18640-2:2018 without any
modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018
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SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18640-2
First edition
2018-05
Protective clothing for firefighters —
Physiological impact —
Part 2:
Determination of physiological heat
load caused by protective clothing
worn by firefighters
Vêtements de protection pour sapeurs-pompiers — Impact
physiologique —
Partie 2: Détermination de la déperdition de chaleur provoquée par
les vêtements de protection portés par les sapeurs-pompiers
Reference number
ISO 18640-2:2018(E)
©
ISO 2018
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SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018
ISO 18640-2:2018(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018
ISO 18640-2:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 3
5 Evaluation method . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Firefighting scenarios . 3
5.2.1 Standard scenario for THS measurements . 3
5.3 THS measurement . 4
5.3.1 General. 4
5.3.2 Apparatus and software . 4
5.3.3 Heat flux . 4
5.3.4 Wicking layer correction . 5
5.3.5 Skin diffusion (E ) . 6
sk
5.3.6 Data exchange with physiological model . 6
5.3.7 Measurement control . . . 6
6 Measurement . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 THS measurement . 7
6.2.1 Test preparation . 7
6.2.2 Software settings . 7
6.2.3 Sampling and test specimen . 7
6.2.4 Measurement procedure . 7
6.2.5 Data evaluation . 8
7 Test report . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.1.1 Specimen identification . 8
7.1.2 Measurement conditions . 8
7.1.3 Results of THS measurement . 8
7.2 Predicted physiological parameters . 9
7.3 Contents of test report . 9
Annex A (normative) Single-sector Thermo-physiological Human Simulator (THS) .10
Annex B (informative) Example measurement protocol according to ISO 18640-2 .14
Annex C (informative) Scenarios for testing and limitation of system.15
Bibliography .17
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018
ISO 18640-2:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94, Personal safety — Protective clothing
and equipment, Subcommittee SC 14, Firefighters' personal equipment.
A list of all parts in the ISO 18640 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018
ISO 18640-2:2018(E)
Introduction
1) 2)
,
Protective clothing for (structural) firefighting may have a serious physiological impact on the
wearer and a serious effect on the acute physical condition of the wearer during activities with increased
[3][4]
metabolic heat production . Protective clothing impedes heat exchange by sweat evaporation and
therefore maintenance of a constant core body temperature and thermal homeostasis is disturbed.
This could increase the risk of heat strain and subsequently impact on the length and time that the
firefighter is able to work safely. If this is identified in a risk assessment, it is important that (thermal)
physiological parameters are obtained to ensure the suitability of the protective clothing chosen under
the expected conditions of use. The assessment of the physiological impact of the protective clothing
provides important information about the effect on individuals undertaking different tasks in various
environmental conditions. In ISO 18640-1, relevant physical parameters of protective clothing are
measured with a Sweating torso. Standard Sweating torso measurements provide physical parameters
about combined and complex heat and moisture transfer (ISO 18640-1). By coupling the sweating
torso to a mathematical model for thermo-physiological responses, the thermo-physiological impact of
protective clothing is estimated and the maximum exposure time for defined environmental conditions
and a defined activity protocol are predicted by Thermal Human Simulator (THS) measurements.
The purpose of this document is to consider aspects of protective clothing performance that cannot be
determined by tests described in other standards. The aim of this document is to quantify the thermo-
physiological impact of protective garments for (structural) firefighting under relevant exposures.
This document provides the background for the specification of a minimum level of performance
requirements during defined firefighting scenarios for the assessed firefighters’ protective clothing by
calculation of the maximum allowable work duration in order to avoid heat stroke.
NOTE The method allows to characterizing the thermo-physiological impact for different levels of
complexity. This includes the characterisation of the single PPE ensembles (standard procedure) as well as the
characterisation of protective clothing ensembles including under wear and protective clothing, including air
layers or including design features of protective clothing ensembles (e.g. pockets, reflective strips) as optional
3)
procedures .
1) Nunneley (1989) reported a significant physiological burden due to the protective clothing upon the wearer,
both in the form of increased metabolic rate and reduced heat dissipation.
2) Taylor (2012) showed that the relative influence of the clothing on oxygen cost was at least three times that of
the breathing apparatus.
3) This listing of standard and optional procedures is a first proposal for prioritization. The expressiveness
of the different levels of complexity for the characterisation of the thermo-physiological impact needs to be further
investigated. Results will be presented at the next ballot.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved v
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SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018
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SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18640-2:2018(E)
Protective clothing for firefighters — Physiological
impact —
Part 2:
Determination of physiological heat load caused by
protective clothing worn by firefighters
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for evaluating the thermo-physiological impact of protective fabric
ensembles and potentially protective clothing ensembles in a simulated activity under defined relevant
conditions for firefighters.
This document is intended to be used to assess the thermo-physiological impact of protective fabric
ensembles and potentially protective clothing ensembles but not the risk for heat stress due to
actual fire conditions. The results of this test method can be used as elements of characterisation
and comparison of thermo-physiological impact of various types of protective fabric ensembles and
potentially protective clothing ensembles.
Default measurements are undertaken on fabric samples representing the garment or protective
clothing combination. Optionally and in addition to the standard test method, the same testing protocol
can be applied to characterise protective clothing ensembles including underwear, air layers and
4)
certain design features . In addition measurements on readymade garments are optionally possible.
NOTE The presently used evaluation methods are only validated for structural firefighting garments.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 11092, Textiles — Physiological effects — Measurement of thermal and water-vapour resistance under
steady-state conditions (sweating guarded-hotplate test)
ISO 18640-1, Protective clothing for firefighters-physiological impact — Part 1: Measurement of coupled
heat and mass transfer with the sweating torso
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 18640-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
4) A study conducted at Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Switzerland)
showed good correlation between results of standard torso tests (without both underwear and air layers on fabrics)
to tests on fabrics with underwear, tests on fabrics with underwear and air layers and test on readymade garments
(with underwear and with or without air layers) of the same material composition. Due to the different thermal
insulation of the systems direct comparison of the results is not possible.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 1
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SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018
ISO 18640-2:2018(E)
3.1
core body temperature
T
co
temperature of deep body tissues of the human body
3.2
firefighting scenario
set of environmental conditions, a defined workload and a defined exposure time relevant for a
firefighters’ task
3.3
heart rate
number of heartbeats per unit of time
Note 1 to entry: The heart rate is usually expressed in per minute.
3.4
heat storage
heat accumulation in the body affected by metabolic heat produced, external heat load and heat
dissipated from the body
3.5
maximum allowable work duration
MAWD
value calculated from thermo-physiological simulation (THS measurement) predicting the time to
reach heat stress based on the definitions of this document
Note 1 to entry: See also Annex A.
Note 2 to entry: This value is given in minutes.
3.6
mean skin temperature
T
m,sk
mean temperature of the outer surface of the (human) body measured at several locations of the skin
3.7
skin diffusion
E
sk
evaporative heat loss due to insensible skin perspiration and has to be provided for THS measurements
3.8
sweating torso
upright standing cylindrical test apparatus, simulating the human trunk with thermal guards on the
upper and lower end as defined in ISO 18640-1
3.9
sweat rate
amount of moisture perspired per time on the surface of the torso
Note 1 to entry: The term sweat rate is also used as the physiological response of the human body to elevated
metabolic rate and/or activity wearing protective clothing with high thermal insulation.
3.10
thermal human simulator measurement
THS
measurement with the sweating torso according to ISO 18640-1 where the device is coupled with a
validated physiological model
Note 1 to entry: Test cases and requirements for the validation of the physiological model are provided in A.3.
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018
ISO 18640-2:2018(E)
3.11
torso surface temperature
2
average temperature on the surface of the measurement area (0,43 m ) of the torso device
4 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document the following symbols and abbreviated terms apply, in addition to
the terms and definitions in ISO 18640-1.
C Wicking layer correction
sk
E Skin diffusion
sk
MAWD Maximum allowable work duration (in minutes)
T Mean skin temperature in °C
m,sk
T Core body temperature in °C
co
5 Evaluation method
5.1 General
Physical parameters based on thermal properties of protective clothing resulting from standard torso
measurements do not contain direct information about the thermo-physiological impact on the wearer
for various firefighters’ scenarios. Physiological data are deducted by doing measurements coupling
sweating torso system to a physiological model as described in this document.
The results of these measurements are used to predict the maximum allowable work duration (MAWD)
according to thermal characteristics and moisture management properties of the tested protective
clothing system. This procedure was validated based on human subject trials (see Annex A).
5.2 Firefighting scenarios
Firefighters deal with a variety of tasks and challenges. Therefore, many scenarios have to be
considered. In order to ensure a maximum level of comparability a moderate scenario has been defined
which is applicable to a wide range of protective clothing inclusive of firefighting. The background and
reasoning and the relevance for this standard are described in Annex C.
5.2.1 Standard scenario for THS measurements
For the purpose of this standard a scenario was selected which reflects a moderate firefighter activity
without fighting fire (see also Annex C).
The applied scenario is defined as follows:
— Ambient condition is set to 40 °C air temperature and 30 % RH;
— No radiation is present;
— Unidirectional wind speed of 1 m/s is applied;
5)
2 2
— Physical activity is set to 6 Met (350 W/m metabolic rate, which equals 285 W/m metabolic heat
production);
— Initial condition of the human body is assumed to be thermo-neutral (T = 36,8 °C; T = 34,2 °C);
co m,sk
2
5) MET: Metabolic Equivalent of Task (1 MET = 1 kcal/(kg∙h) = 4,184 kJ/(kg∙h) alternatively 1 MET = 58,2 W/m ).
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved 3
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SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018
ISO 18640-2:2018(E)
— Exposure time is set to 90 min;
— The onset of heat stress is defined at the core body temperature of 38,5 °C.
NOTE This scenario was selected in order to be compatible with an ethically acceptable work load for human
subject trials used to validate the physiological impact of firefighter clothing (See Annex C).
5.3 THS measurement
5.3.1 General
Thermal Human Simulator (THS) measurements are based on coupling the sweating torso system,
in accordance with ISO 18640-1, with validated physiological model in accordance with Annex A, in a
climatic chamber simulating a defined activity according to the firefighters’ scenario. In order to have a
common starting point for the measurements initial conditions for THS measurements are set such that
the torso mimics thermal neutral state.
5.3.2 Apparatus and software
THS is controlled with the same hardware and software as for standard torso experiments in
accordance with ISO 18640-1, with the addition and cooperation of a physiological model (coupling
with continuous data exchange).
5.3.3 Heat flux
For THS measurements heat flux data off the surface shall be measured, as they are is needed as input
2
for the physiological model. Accuracy for heat flux measurement shall be better than 5 W/m in the
2 2
range of 0 W/m up to 500 W/m . Measurement can be done by the procedure described in 5.3.3.1 or
equivalent methods matching the requirements of this clause.
5.3.3.1 Heat flux measurement with additional temperature sensors
In this configuration the torso needs to be equipped with additional temperature sensors in the
aluminium interior part of the device (see Figure 1) to allow more accurate assessment of heat flux
from the surface. These temperature sensors are used to calculate the average surface heat flux based
on the thermal resistance of the outer layers of the torso according to Formula (1) below:
1
qT=−T ⋅ (1)
()
torsoNFNi
R
torso
where
T is the average temperature of additional sensors in °C;
NF
T is the average temperature of nickel wire sensors (surface temperature) in °C;
Ni
R thermal resistance of the aluminium/HDPE layers between additional sensors and nickel
torso
2
wires in m ∙K/W;
2
q average surface heat flux of the cylinder in W/m .
torso
4 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 18640-2:2018
ISO 18640-2:2018(E)
Key
Tni1 nickel wire sensor 1
Tni2 nickel wire sensor 2
T1 temperature sensor in upper guard
T2 temperature sensor in measurement section
T3 temperature in lower guard
Tnx optional additional sensors for THS measurements
Figure 1 — Configuration of temperature sensors for heat flux assessment
5.3.4 Wicking layer correction
A wicking layer according to ISO 18640-1:2018, 5.1.6, is used for all THS
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 18640-2:2016
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Protective clothing for fire-fighters- physiological impact - Part 2: Determination of
physiological heat load caused by protective clothing worn by firefighters (ISO/DIS 18640
-2:2016)
Schutzkleidung für die Feuerwehr - Physiologische Wärmebelastung - Teil 2:
Bestimmung der physiologischen Wärmebelastung ausgelöst durch von
Feuerwehrleuten getragene Schutzkleidung (ISO/DIS 18640-2:2016)
Vêtements de protection pour sapeurs-pompiers - Effet physiologique - Partie 2:
Détermination de la charge thermo-physiologique provoquée par les vêtements de
protection portés par les sapeurs-pompiers (ISO/DIS 18640-2:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 18640-2
ICS:
13.220.10 Gašenje požara Fire-fighting
13.340.10 Varovalna obleka Protective clothing
oSIST prEN ISO 18640-2:2016 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 18640-2:2016
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oSIST prEN ISO 18640-2:2016
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 18640-2
ISO/TC 94/SC 14 Secretariat: SA
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2016-06-30 2016-09-29
Protective clothing for fire-fighters- physiological
impact —
Part 2:
Determination of physiological heat load caused by
protective clothing worn by firefighters
Titre manque
ICS: 13.340.10
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
This draft has been developed within the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO), and processed under the ISO lead mode of collaboration
as defined in the Vienna Agreement.
This draft is hereby submitted to the ISO member bodies and to the CEN member
bodies for a parallel five month enquiry.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
committee secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
composition will be undertaken at publication stage.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 18640-2:2016(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2016
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oSIST prEN ISO 18640-2:2016
ISO/DIS 18640-2:2016(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 18640-2:2016
ISO/DIS 18640-2:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
3.1 Cooling delay (CD) . 2
3.2 Maximum allowable work duration (MAWD) . 2
3.3 Condensed sweat water, condensation, moisture stored in clothing system. 2
3.4 Core body temperature (T ) . 2
co
3.5 Evaporated sweat water . 2
3.6 Experimental phases / phase profile . 2
3.7 Firefighting scenario . 2
3.8 Heart rate . 2
3.9 Heat storage . 2
3.10 Initial cooling (IC) . 3
3.11 Mean skin temperature (mT ) . 3
sk
3.12 Moisture uptake . 3
3.13 Sustained cooling (SC) . 3
3.14 Spacer. 3
3.15 Sweating Torso . 3
3.16 Sweat rate . 3
3.17 Thermal resistance (R ) . 3
ct
3.18 THS Thermal Human Simulator measurement (THS) . 3
3.19 Torso surface temperature . 3
4 Symbols (and abbreviated terms) . 4
5 Evaluation method . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Firefighters’ scenario’s . 4
5.2.1 Fire fighter scenario for the statistical model. 4
5.3 Physiological parameters relevant for heat stress assessment. 5
5.3.1 Physiological parameters for statistical model . 5
5.4 Regression analysis and calculation of MAWD . 5
5.4.1 Physiological regression statistical model . . 5
5.5 THS measurement . 6
5.5.1 Apparatus and software . 6
5.5.2 General measurement setup . 6
5.5.3 Second skin (skin layer) . 7
5.5.4 Skin diffusion (Esk) . 8
5.5.5 Data exchange with physiological model . 8
5.5.6 Measurement control . . . 8
6 Measurement . 9
6.1 Application of statistical model (based on measurements according part 1) . 9
6.1.1 Standard Torso measurement . 9
6.1.2 Results from standard Torso measurement . 9
6.1.3 Application of regression model to predict MAWD . 9
6.2 THS measurement .10
6.2.1 Test preparation .10
6.2.2 Sampling and test specimen .11
6.2.3 Measurement procedure .11
6.2.4 Data evaluation .11
7 Test report .11
7.1 General .11
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oSIST prEN ISO 18640-2:2016
ISO/DIS 18640-2:2016(E)
7.1.1 Specimen identification .11
7.1.2 Measurement conditions (standard Torso test or THS) .12
7.1.3 Results standard Torso measurement (according to ISO 18640-1) .12
7.1.4 Results THS measurement .12
7.2 Predicted physiological parameters .12
7.3 Contents of test report .12
Annex A (informative) Statistical model: development and validation .13
Annex B (normative) Single-sector Thermophysiological Human Simulator (THS) .17
Annex C (informative) Example of data evaluation .21
Annex D (informative) Sample check list .22
Annex E (informative) Firefighter activity scenarios .23
Annex F (informative) Discussion on influencing parameters .25
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the
EssentialRequirements of EU Directive 89/686/EEC .26
Bibliography .27
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 18640-2:2016
ISO/DIS 18640-2:2016(E)
Foreword
SO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18640-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94, Personal safety - Protective clothing and
equipment, Subcommittee SC 14, Fire-fighters’ personal equipment.
ISO 18640 consists of the following parts, under the general title Protective clothing for fire-fighters —
Physiological impact:
Part 1: Measurement of coupled heat and mass transfer with the sweating TORSO
Part 2: Determination of physiological heat load caused by protective clothing worn by fire-fighters
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oSIST prEN ISO 18640-2:2016
ISO/DIS 18640-2:2016(E)
Introduction
1) 2)
Text ,Text
Protective clothing for (structural) firefighting may have a serious physiological impact on
the wearer and a serious implication on the acute physical condition of the wearer during activities
with increased metabolic heat production [1, 2]. Protective clothing impedes heat exchange by sweat
evaporation and therefore maintenance of a constant core body temperature is no longer possible. This
fact increases the risk to suffer from heat stress and reduces working time of fire fighters. If this is
identified in a risk assessment, it is important that (thermal) physiological parameters are obtained
to ensure the suitability of the protective clothing chosen under the expected conditions of use. The
assessment of the thermo-physiological impact of protective clothing provides important information
about the applicability for different kinds of activities taking place in various conditions. In part 1
of this standard, relevant physical parameters of protective clothing are measured with a Sweating
Torso. Standard Sweating Torso measurements provide physical parameters about combined heat
and mass transfer (part 1 of this standard). Based on these parameters, the thermo-physiological
impact of protective clothing is estimated and the maximum exposure time for defined environmental
conditions and a defined activity protocol are predicted either by a statistical model or thermal human
simulator (THS) measurements. The results of the standard Sweating Torso measurements are applied
to a validated statistical model to predict the physiological effects due to the use of that particular
protective clothing. In THS measurements the sweating Torso is coupled to a physiological model which
allows physiological data to be obtained directly in relation to a defined exposure scenario.
The purpose for this standard is to check for aspects of protective clothing performance that cannot
be determined by tests described in other standards. The aim of this standard is to quantify the
physiological effects of protective garments (without additional clothing layers) for (structural)
firefighting under a relevant standardized simulated scenario for fire fighters by predicting the
physiological load. This standard specifies a minimum level of performance requirements during a
defined firefighting scenario under defined environmental conditions using the assessed fire fighters’
protective clothing by calculation of the maximum allowable work time before an inappropriately high
core temperature will be reached.
NOTE: Depending on the PPE being worn, underclothing may be required, e.g. fire fighter structural
clothing. The purpose of testing without underwear is to ensure repeatability.
1) Nunneley reported a significant physiological burden due to the protective clothing upon the wearer, both in the
form of increased metabolic rate and reduced heat dissipation [1]
2) Taylor showed that the relative influence of the clothing on oxygen cost was at least three times that of the
breathing apparatus [2]
vi © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 18640-2:2016
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 18640-2:2016(E)
Protective clothing for fire-fighters- physiological
impact —
Part 2:
Determination of physiological heat load caused by
protective clothing worn by firefighters
1 Scope
This international standard provides the general principles of a test method for evaluating the
physiological impact of complete garments or protective clothing ensembles in a simulated activity
under defined relevant conditions for fire fighters.
This International Standard is intended to be used to describe the thermo-physiological impact of
protective clothing but not the risk for heat stress due to actual fire conditions. The results of this test
method can be used as elements of a risk assessment with respect to heat stress or cardiovascular load.
Note The presently used evaluation methods are only validated for structural firefighting garments
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6330, Textiles — Domestic washing and drying procedures for textile testing
ISO 11092, Textiles — Physiological effects — Measurement of thermal and water-vapour resistance under
steady-state conditions (sweating guarded-hotplate test)
ISO 139, Textiles — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 7243:1989, Hot environments — Estimation of the heat stress on working man, based on the WBGT-
index (wet bulb globe temperature)
ISO 7933:2004, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Analytical determination and interpretation of
heat stress using calculation of the predicted heat strain
EN 469 2014Protective clothing for firefighters - Performance requirements for protective clothing for
firefighting
ISO 11612, Protective clothing — Clothing to protect against heat and flame — Minimum performance
requirements
EN 15614Protective clothing for firefighters - Laboratory test methods and performance requirements for
wildland clothing
ISO 16073, Wildland firefighting personal protective equipment — Requirements and test methods
ISO 15384, Protective clothing for firefighters — Laboratory test methods and performance requirements
for wildland firefighting clothing
prEN 16689Protective clothing for protection of firefighters during technical rescue operations –
performance requirements
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oSIST prEN ISO 18640-2:2016
ISO/DIS 18640-2:2016(E)
ISO/DIS 11999, PPE for firefighters - Test methods and requirements for PPE used by firefighters who are at
risk of exposure to high levels of heat and/or flame while fighting fires occurring in structures - Part 1: General
ISO/DIS 13506-2, Protective clothing against heat and flame - Part 2: Skin burn injury prediction -
Calculation requirements and test cases
ISO/CD 18640-1 Protective clothing for fire-fighters- physiological impact – Part 1: Measurement of coupled
heat and mass transfer with the sweating TORSO
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply, in addition to the terms
and definitions in ISO 18640-1.
3.1 Cooling delay (CD)
Time delay (and temperature rise) until the effect of evaporation cooling will be detected in a
measurement phase with simulated activity (elevated heating power) and sweating.
3.2 Maximum allowable work duration (MAWD)
Value in minutes calculated according to a statistical model (see also Annex A) predicting the time to
reach heat stress based on the definitions of this standard.
3.3 Condensed sweat water, condensation, moisture stored in clothing system
Fraction of supplied sweat water in active phase with sweating which remains in clothing system
assessed with Torso weight difference (taking into account potentially dripped off water).
3.4 Core body temperature (T )
co
The temperature of deep structures of the (human) body, such as the liver, as compared to that of
peripheral tissues, mostly measured in the gastrointestinal tract.
3.5 Evaporated sweat water
Fraction of supplied sweat water which evaporated in active phase with sweating. Difference between
supplied sweat water and weight difference of Torso (condensed/stored sweat water).
3.6 Experimental phases / phase profile
A test as defined in part 1 of this standard is segmented in multiple phases. Each phase of the test
simulates a specific situation with defined temperature or heating power and sweat rate settings.
3.7 Firefighting scenario
A set of environmental conditions, a defined workload and a defined exposure time relevant for a fire
fighters’ task.
3.8 Heart rate
The number of heartbeats per unit of time, usually per minute.
3.9 Heat storage
Heat accumulation in the body affected by metabolic heat produced, external heat load and heat
dissipated from the body.
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ISO/DIS 18640-2:2016(E)
3.10 Initial cooling (IC)
Time (and temperature) at which initial cooling ends in a measurement phase simulating activity with
sweating.
3.11 Mean skin temperature (mT )
sk
The mean temperature of the outer surface of the (human) body measured at several locations of the skin.
3.12 Moisture uptake
Moisture stored in clothing system derived from weight course of Torso during measurement.
3.13 Sustained cooling (SC)
Steady state of cooling in a measurement phase simulating activity with sweating.
3.14 Spacer
Simulation of air layer. Air layer influence the overall thermal resistance and moisture transport. A
spacer may be used to simulate a defined air layer.
3.15 Sweating Torso
Upright standing cylindrical test apparatus, simulating the human trunk with thermal guards on
the upper and lower end (see part 1 of this standard). The apparatus is equipped with heating foils,
sweating nozzles, a multi-layer shell (simulation of the skin layers).
3.16 Sweat rate
Supply of nano-pure water to simulate sweating. There are 54 nozzles on the surface of the Torso
used to distribute water on the surface of the measurement cylinder. The amount of released water is
controlled by a defined height difference between storage tank, weight measurement and calibrated
opening time and interval of the valves.
3.17 Thermal resistance (R )
ct
2
Measure for thermal resistance in m .K/W. R is calculated at steady state from the difference between
ct
Torso surface and ambient temperature, the surface area of the device and the heating power needed to
maintain the temperature difference.
3.18 THS Thermal Human Simulator measurement (THS)
Measurements on the sweating Torso where the device is coupled with a validated physiological model.
The control software for the Torso exchanges data with the physiological model, within an iterative
control loop, to simulate realistic human response during a defined activity starting from thermally
neutral conditions.
3.19 Torso surface temperature
2
Average temperature on the surface of the measurement area (0.43 m ) of the Torso device. Temperature
is assessed with a thin nickel wire applied to the surface or a similar method allowing registering the
average surface temperature. There are two wires attached to the Torso surface which allows differing
between the front and back side of the device (important for measurements with wind)
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oSIST prEN ISO 18640-2:2016
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4 Symbols (and abbreviated terms)
2
R Thermal resistance in m .K/W assessed in steady state condition (phase 1 of measurement)
ct
T Core body temperature
co
mT Mean skin temperature
sk
CD Cooling delay (time in min until cooling effect of perspiration becomes apparent)
IC initial cooling (initial rate of surface temperature reduction in °C/h observable right after
CD was reached
SC sustained cooling (rate of surface temperature change in °C/h (or min?) resulting from
cooling effect of perspiration and wet insulation of the fabric)
PC Post cooling (assessed by finding the time (h) of change in surface temperature decrease
rate (°C/h) after cessation of physical activity induced when the condensed moisture which
was still in the clothing system has dried out)
MAWD Maximum allowable work duration (in minutes) based on a statistical model or THS
measurements
THS Thermal human simulator: Measurement on Torso coupled with a thermo-physiological model.
5 Evaluation method
5.1 General
Physical parameters about thermal properties of protective clothing resulting from standard Torso
measurements do not contain any information about the thermo-ph
...
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