oSIST prEN ISO 16757:2014
(Main)Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Product Category Rules for precast concrete products
Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Product Category Rules for precast concrete products
This document offers product category rules (PCR) guidance for the development of Type III environmental declarations for precast concrete products according to EN 15804.
This document defines the parameters to be reported, what EPD types (and life cycle stages) to be covered what rules to be followed in order to generate Life Cycle Inventories (LCI) and conduct Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) and what quality data to be used in the development of EPDs.
Additional to the common parts of EN 15804, this European Standard for precast concrete products:
- defines the system boundaries;
- defines the modelling and assessment of material-specific characteristics;
- defines allocation procedures for multi-output processes along the production chain;
- defines allocation procedures for reuse and recycling;
- includes the rules for calculating the LCI and the LCIA underlying the EPD;
- provides guidance/specific rules for the determination of the reference service life (RSL);
- gives guidance on the establishment of default scenarios;
- gives guidance on default functional units for precast concrete products.
This document is intended to be used either for cradle to gate, cradle to gate with options or cradle to grave assessment, provided the intention is properly stated in the system boundary description.
Nachhaltigkeit von Bauwerken - Umweltproduktdeklarationen - Produktkategorieregeln für vorgefertigte Betonerzeugnisse
Diese Europäische Norm enthält Produktkategorieregeln (PCR) für Umweltdeklarationen Typ III für Beton-fertigteile entsprechend EN 15804.
Dieses Dokument legt die zu dokumentierenden Parameter fest, welche EPD Typen (und Phasen des Lebenszyklus) zu behandeln und welche Regeln zu befolgen sind, um Sachbilanzen (LCI) zu generieren und Wirkungsabschätzungen (LCIA) durchzuführen, und welche Qualitätsdaten bei der Entwicklung von EPDs zu verwenden sind.
Zusätzlich zu den allgemeinen Abschnitten von EN 15804 hat die vorliegende Europäische Norm für Betonfertigteile das Ziel: sie
- legt die Systemgrenzen fest;
- legt die Modellierung und Bewertung der materialspezifischen Eigenschaften fest;
- legt die Allokationsverfahren für Multi-Output-Prozesse entlang der Produktionskette fest;
- legt die Allokationsverfahren für die Wiederverwendung und das Recycling fest;
- enthält die Regeln für die Berechnung der LCI und der Wirkungsabschätzung, die der EPD zugrunde liegen;
- liefert eine Anleitung/spezielle Vorschriften für die Ermittlung der Referenz-Nutzungsdauer (RSL);
- gibt eine Anleitung zur Festlegung von Normszenarien;
- gibt eine Anleitung für normkonforme Funktionseinheiten für Betonfertigteile.
Dieses Dokument ist vorgesehen, entweder für die Produktionsphase (Wiege bis Werkstor), die Produktionsphase (Wiege bis Werkstor) mit Optionen oder Bewertung des Lebenszyklus (Wiege bis Bahre) verwendet zu werden, vorausgesetzt, dass der Zweck ordnungsgemäß in der Beschreibung der Systemgrenze festgelegt ist.
Contribution des ouvrages de construction au développement durable - Déclarations environnementales sur les produits - Règles régissant la catégorie de produits préfabriqués en béton
Le présent document fournit les lignes directrices concernant les règles de catégories de produits (RCP) pour l'élaboration de déclarations environnementales de Type III relatives aux produits préfabriqués en béton conformément à l'EN 15804.
Le présent document définit les paramètres à consigner, les types de DEP (et les étapes du cycle de vie) à couvrir, les règles à suivre pour calculer l'inventaire du cycle de vie et procéder à l'évaluation de l'impact du cycle de vie, ainsi que la qualité des données à utiliser pour l'élaboration des DEP.
En plus des parties communes de l'EN 15804, la présente Norme européenne relative aux produits préfabriqués en béton :
définit les frontières du système ;
définit la modélisation et l'évaluation des caractéristiques spécifiques du matériau ;
définit les procédures d'affectation pour les processus multi-débouchés tout au long de la chaîne de production ;
définit les procédures d'affectation relatives à la réutilisation et au recyclage ;
intègre les règles de calcul de l'inventaire du cycle de vie et de l'évaluation de l'impact du cycle de vie servant de base à la DEP ;
fournit des lignes directrices/règles spécifiques relatives à la Durée de Vie de Référence (DVR) ;
fournit des lignes directrices pour déterminer les scénarios par défaut ;
fournit des lignes directrices sur les unités fonctionnelles par défaut pour les produits préfabriqués en béton.
Le présent document est destiné à être utilisé soit « du berceau à la sortie de l'usine », soit « du berceau à la sortie de l'usine avec options » ou pour une évaluation « du berceau à la tombe », à condition que l'intention soit correctement formulée dans la description des frontières du système.
Trajnostnost gradbenih objektov - Okoljske deklaracije za proizvode - Pravila za kategorije proizvodov za montažne betonske izdelke
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 16757:2014
01-september-2014
Trajnostnost gradbenih objektov - Okoljske deklaracije za proizvode - Pravila za
kategorije proizvodov za montažne betonske izdelke
Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Product
Category Rules for precast concrete products
Nachhaltigkeit von Bauwerken - Umweltproduktdeklarationen - Produktkategorieregeln
für vorgefertigte Betonerzeugnisse
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 16757
ICS:
13.020.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi z Other standards related to
varstvom okolja environmental protection
91.100.30 Beton in betonski izdelki Concrete and concrete
products
oSIST prEN ISO 16757:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 16757:2014
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oSIST prEN ISO 16757:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 16757
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2014
ICS 91.100.30
English Version
Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product
declarations - Product Category Rules for precast concrete
products
Nachhaltigkeit von Bauwerken -
Umweltproduktdeklarationen - Produktkategorieregeln für
vorgefertigte Betonerzeugnisse
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 229.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 16757:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents
Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Abbreviations .6
5 General aspects .6
5.1 Objective of the Precast Concrete Products PCR .6
5.2 Types of EPD with respect to life cycle stages covered .6
5.3 Comparability of EPD for construction products .6
5.4 Additional information .6
5.5 Ownership, responsibility and liability for the EPD .6
5.6 Communication formats .6
6 Product Category Rules for LCA .7
6.1 Product category .7
6.2 Life cycle stages and their information modules to be included .7
6.3 Calculation rules for the LCA .9
6.4 Inventory analysis (allocation of input flows & output emissions) . 20
6.5 Impact assessment . 20
7 Content of the EPD . 21
7.1 Declaration of general information . 21
7.2 Declaration of environmental parameters derived from LCA . 21
7.3 Scenarios and additional technical information . 21
7.4 Additional information on release of dangerous substances to indoor air, soil and water
during the use stage . 22
7.5 Aggregation of information modules. 22
8 Project report . 22
8.1 General . 22
8.2 LCA-related elements of the project report . 22
8.3 Documentation on additional information . 23
8.4 Data availability for verification . 23
9 Verification and validity of an EPD . 23
Annex A (normative) Requirements and guidance on the reference service life . 24
Annex B (informative) Waste . 25
Annex C (informative) Characterisation factors . 26
Annex D (informative) Carbonation . 27
D.1 Requirements and guidance on calculation of carbonation impacts . 27
D.2 Simplified estimations . 27
D.3 Detailed calculation by phase . 29
Annex E (informative) Scenarios . 33
Bibliography . 37
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Foreword
This document (prEN 16757:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 229 “Precast
Concrete Products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
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Introduction
This European Standard provides rules for Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) specifically for precast
concrete products. It complements the core product category rules for all construction products and services
as established in EN 15804.
An EPD communicates verifiable, accurate, non-misleading environmental information for products and their
applications, thereby supporting scientifically based, fair choices and stimulating the potential for market-
driven continuous environmental improvement.
The standardisation process has taken place in accordance with EN ISO 14025. All common issues are
covered horizontally for all product types in order to minimize vertical (branch specific) deviations. All common
issues are covered horizontally for all precast concrete products in order to minimize intra-sectoral deviations.
EPD information is expressed in information modules as defined in EN 15804, which allow easy organisation
and expression of data packages throughout the life cycle of the product. The approach requires that the
underlying data should be consistent, reproducible and comparable.
In line with EN 15804 the EPD is expressed in a form that allows aggregation (addition) to provide complete
information for buildings. This standard does not deal with aggregation at the building level nor does this
standard describe the rules for applying EPD in a building assessment.
The standard deals with a limited number of quantifiable predetermined parameters in EN 15804. Future
revisions may lead to the incorporation of additional predetermined parameters. This European Standard
provides the means for developing a Type III environmental declaration of precast concrete products in the
context of a suite of standards that are intended to assess the sustainability of construction works.
This suite of standards includes:
EN 15643-1, Sustainability of construction works — Sustainability assessment of buildings — Part 1: General
framework.
EN 15643-2, Sustainability of construction works — Assessment of buildings — Part 2: Framework for the
assessment of environmental performance.
EN 15978, Sustainability of construction works — Assessment of environmental performance of buildings —
Calculation method.
EN 15804, Sustainability of construction works — Environmental product declaration — Core rules for the
product category of construction products.
CEN/TR 15941, Sustainability of construction works — Environmental product declarations — Methodology
for selection and use of generic data.
EN 15942, Sustainability of construction works — Environmental product declarations — Communication
formats: business to business.
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1 Scope
This document offers product category rules (PCR) guidance for the development of Type III environmental
declarations for precast concrete products according to EN 15804.
This document defines the parameters to be reported, what EPD types (and life cycle stages) to be covered
what rules to be followed in order to generate Life Cycle Inventories (LCI) and conduct Life Cycle Impact
Assessment (LCIA) and what quality data to be used in the development of EPDs.
Additional to the common parts of EN 15804, this European Standard for precast concrete products:
defines the system boundaries;
defines the modelling and assessment of material-specific characteristics;
defines allocation procedures for multi-output processes along the production chain;
defines allocation procedures for reuse and recycling;
includes the rules for calculating the LCI and the LCIA underlying the EPD;
provides guidance/specific rules for the determination of the reference service life (RSL);
gives guidance on the establishment of default scenarios;
gives guidance on default functional units for precast concrete products.
This document is intended to be used either for cradle to gate, cradle to gate with options or cradle to grave
assessment, provided the intention is properly stated in the system boundary description.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 15804, Sustainability of construction works — Environmental product declarations — Core rules for the
product category of construction products.
EN 15942, Sustainability of construction works — Environmental product declarations — Communication
formats: business to business.
EN 15978, Sustainability of construction works — Assessment of environmental performance of buildings —
Calculation method.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15804: 2012 + A1:2013 and the
following apply:
3.1
carbonation
carbon dioxide reaction with cementitious products to form calcium carbonate
3.2
precast concrete product
product made of concrete and manufactured in a place different from the final destination of use, protected
from adverse weather conditions during production. The product is the result of an industrial process under a
factory production control system and with the possibility of sorting before delivery
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3.3
direct land use change
change in human use or management of land at the location of the production, use or disposal of raw
materials, intermediate products and final products or wastes in the product system being assessed
4 Abbreviations
Abbreviations as given in standard EN 15804 shall apply.
5 General aspects
5.1 Objective of the Precast Concrete Products PCR
The objective of this PCR is to provide common rules specific for precast concrete products for the application
of the EN 15804. In addition to the objectives of EN 15804 this document aims to:
define the parameters to be declared and the way in which they are collated and reported;
describe which stages of a product’s life cycle are considered in the EPD and which processes are to be
included in the life cycle stages;
to define rules for the development of scenarios, including the rules for calculating the Life Cycle
Inventory and the Life Cycle Impact Assessment underlying the EPD, including the specification of the
data quality to be applied;
to communicate EPDs and environmental information about precast concrete products;
to ensure that comparisons between construction products are carried out in the context of their
application in the building.
5.2 Types of EPD with respect to life cycle stages covered
EN 15804 shall apply.
Only cradle-to-grave EPD can be used without additional information in order to evaluate the environmental
performance of construction works.
5.3 Comparability of EPD for construction products
EN 15804 shall apply.
As comparison between alternative solutions being relevant at the work level only, comparing EPDs of
3 2
products at the level of the declared unit (e.g. 1m of concrete or 1m of floor) is misleading and shall be
avoided. Comparison at the level of the functional unit could be possible, provided that the same system
boundaries and main hypotheses are the same.
5.4 Additional information
EN 15804 shall apply.
5.5 Ownership, responsibility and liability for the EPD
EN 15804 shall apply.
5.6 Communication formats
EN 15804 shall apply.
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6 Product Category Rules for LCA
6.1 Product category
The product category referred to in this standard includes all precast concrete products for buildings and other
construction works.
6.2 Life cycle stages and their information modules to be included
6.2.1 General
Preferably the building life cycle information (from A1 to C4) shall be included in the EPD, which corresponds
to the “cradle to grave” option.
A general description of the life cycle stages is given in EN 15804, clause 6.2.
6.2.2 A1-A3, Product stage, information modules
EN 15804 shall apply.
NOTE Precast concrete products may contain the following constituents:
aggregates, including secondary aggregates;
hydraulic binder;
water;
admixtures;
nearly inert and pozzolanic or latent hydraulic additions;
reinforcement steel;
fibres;
other products.
When the LCI “A1 to A3” of constituents is not available, impact indicators from the EPDs for the constituents
or for a ready-mixed concrete, covering modules A1 to A3, can be used for the assessment of the module A1
of the precast concrete product. If transport is included, then the impacts covering modules A1 to A4 can be
used for the assessment of the modules A1 and A2 of the precast concrete product (see Figure 1).
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Figure 1 — EPD of constituents and precast concrete products
6.2.3 A4-A5, Construction process stage, information modules
EN 15804 shall apply.
NOTE At the construction stage, additional constituents may be added to the precast concrete product to obtain the
defined functional unit; in this case these constituents should be also taken into account during the proper stage.
EXAMPLE Reinforcement steel, mortar, structural topping etc.
6.2.4 B1-B5, Use stage, information modules related to the building fabric
EN 15804 shall apply.
6.2.5 B6-B7, use stage, information modules related to the operation of the building
EN 15804 shall apply.
6.2.6 C1-C4 End-of-life stage, information modules
EN 15804 shall apply.
6.2.7 D, Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary, information module
EN 15804 shall apply.
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6.3 Calculation rules for the LCA
6.3.1 Functional unit
EN 15804 shall apply.
The functional unit is based on the function performed by the product in the construction work and on the RSL
of the product. It depends on the type of precast concrete product. The functional unit is defined in function of
the application of the product in the construction work.
2
NOTE 1 An example of functional unit is: 1 representative m masonry part of an exterior load bearing wall in typical
dwellings, which fulfils the performance requirements of national building codes concerning construction, thermal
insulation and sound insulation and fire safety, functioning for 100 years.
NOTE 2 As additional information, the environmental impact may be recalculated for one year of service life.
6.3.2 Declared unit
EN 15804 shall apply.
6.3.3 Reference service life (RSL)
EN 15804 shall apply.
Requirements and guidance on the estimation of service life are given in normative Annex A.
RSL shall be consistent with scenarios described in 6.3.8, especially those related to use stages B1 to B7.
NOTE Guidance values for RSL of precast concrete products, considering appropriate (mix-)design according to the
relevant (product-)standards and scenarios for maintenance, are given in Table (Annex E). RSL can be even higher
considering additional scenarios for repair or retrofitting.
6.3.4 System boundaries
EN 15804 shall apply.
6.3.4.1 General
EN 15804 shall apply.
6.3.4.1.1 Carbonation
Within the system boundaries, the impact of carbonation during the use and the end-of-life stages of the
product shall be taken into account. If module D is used, additional impacts shall be considered.
Chapter 6.3.4.5 defines the system boundaries of the end of life stage, in order to distinguish between the
benefits within and beyond the system boundaries.
Annex D provides several ways to assess carbon dioxide sequestration through carbonation in the different
life cycle stages.
NOTE Sequestration of CO by concrete surfaces through carbonation can continue for hundreds of years. Studies
2
show that after 100 years, up to 86% of the CO released during the cement manufacturing is absorbed by the concrete.
2
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6.3.4.2 Product stage
EN 15804 applies.
Requirements and guidance on waste are given in normative Annex B.
Product stage A3
Product and Construction stages for precast concrete can be found in figure 2.
Manufacturing of precast concrete products may include the following:
transportation activities on the production site;
manufacture of products and co-products;
curing of products including the necessary energy;
the manufacturing of any packaging used for the product;
land filling, disposal and processing (up to the end-of-waste stage) of any output from the product system
at this unit process (A3) which reaches the end-of-waste state;
use of materials and equipment for waste water treatment;
the local production of energy used in the manufacturing.
Depending on the process, production of ancillary materials used in the manufacture of precast concrete
products may also include materials such as coatings, lubricating oils, disposable moulds, engine oils,
production and manufacture of pre-products.
NOTE 1 Examples of pre-products include binder preparation, processing of aggregates and preparation of
reinforcement steel and steel strands.
Some infrastructure equipment (such as moulds or trench boxes) may have a limited service life. In this case
their impact shall be taken into account at the product stage.
In case of cradle –to-gate declaration, the impact of carbonation is not taken into account, as it will occur
during the use and end of life stages. However, the impact of the chemical reaction shall be taken into account
when assessing the impact of an entire construction work.
NOTE 2 For biogenic carbon sequestration (associated with wood or packaging) there might be a need to account for
all stored carbon being released to atmosphere through loss as CO or through decomposition as CH within 100 years or
2 4
longer if relevant. (See paragraph 6.3.7).
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Figure 2 — Typical precast concrete Production and construction stages, including transport
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6.3.4.3 Construction stage
EN 15804 shall apply.
Construction process stage A5
The full description of the reference scenarios used for the construction stage shall be part of the EPD.
Informative Annex E contains examples of scenarios.
Construction and installation process of precast concrete products may also include the following:
the concrete (ready-mix or in-situ) and other products used to finalize the assembly of precast concrete
products, considering the previous stages;
any process linked with these products (e.g. pouring, pumping, vibrating, curing of any in-situ or ready-
mix concrete) or formwork used on site as part of the Declared/Functional Unit;
use of any equipment to lift, erect, and fix precast concrete products in place;
any process and material included in the scenarios assigned to this stage.
6.3.4.4 Use stage
EN 15804 shall apply.
6.3.4.4.1 General
EN 15804 shall apply.
6.3.4.4.2 B1-B5 Use stage information modules related to the building fabric:
B1 Use of the installed product in terms of any emissions to the environment (not covered by B2-B7).
EN 15804 shall apply.
B2 Maintenance
EN 15804 shall apply.
B3 repair
EN 15804 shall apply.
B4 Replacement
EN 15804 shall apply.
B5 Refurbishment
EN 15804 shall apply.
6.3.4.4.3 B6 – B7 use stage information modules related to the operation of the building:
B6 Energy use to operate building integrated technical systems
EN 15804 shall apply.
B7 operational water use by building integrated technical systems
EN 15804 shall apply.
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6.3.4.5 End-of-life stage
EN 15804 shall apply.
Typical end-of-life stage for precast concrete can be found in Figure 3.
Figure 3 — Typical end-of-life stage for precast concrete, including system boundaries
Module C4: additionally, the impact of carbonation during the waste disposal stage may be taken into account.
6.3.4.6 Benefits and loads beyond the product system boundary in module D
EN 15804 shall apply.
When module D is used for precast concrete products, it can be applied for the following:
concrete recycling;
reuse of concrete elements;
steel recycling;
other constituents;
carbonation.
Concrete can be 100% recycled, mainly for road applications and sometimes as recycled aggregate for other
concrete products.
Steel can also be 100% recycled.
Benefits from the reuse of other constituents may be also taken into account when relevant.
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6.3.5 Criteria for the exclusion of inputs and outputs (cut-offs)
EN 15804 shall apply.
Exclusions of any material flows that may have a relevant contribution to the selected impact categories of the
products underlying the EPD shall be justified, if applicable by a sensitivity analysis.
6.3.6 Selection of data
EN 15804 shall apply.
When data from EPDs are used for upstream and downstream processes, an EN 15804 compliant format for
an EPD is preferable.
When available, energy mixes used in calculations are those provided by the suppliers. If not available,
reference databases shall be used.
Data assumption for average EPDs can be defined at national level following principles available in the place
of production and use.
6.3.7 Data quality requirements
EN 15804 shall apply.
6.3.8 Developing product level scenarios
EN 15804 shall apply and the following:
scenarios for construction, use, end of life and transport shall be described and documented in the LCA report
according to EN 15804, clause 7.3, tables 7-10 and the following clauses.
6.3.8.1 Construction stage
6.3.8.1.1 A4, Transportation of products to the site
Scenarios for transport of precast concrete products shall consider the most common way to deliver the
product from the factory to the site, considering the most plausible route and vehicle.
Scenario for transport stage A4 shall include:
fuel type and consumption of vehicle or vehicle type used for transport the declared unit;
distance from factory to site;
capacity utilisation according to volume or weight limits, including empty returns.
6.3.8.1.2 A5, Construction and installation process
Scenarios for construction and installation shall be detailed for every declared unit, considering the most
common ways to install the precast concrete product. For heavy products use of specific cranes or machinery
shall be considered including any additional process. Develop specific scenarios, in case the product requires,
additional works, shall be taken into account.
EXAMPLE 1 Installation of cladding panels using cranes from the transportation truck to the facade, including
mechanical fixation using specific connection and sealant of the perimeter.
EXAMPLE 2 Installation of hollow core slabs using cranes from the transportation truck to the works, including
pumping and compacting of ready-mix concrete used as topping.
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Scenarios for construction process stage A5 shall include the following:
ancillary materials for installation (specified by material);
water use, if relevant;
other resource use;
quantitative description of energy type (regional mix) and consumption during the installation process,
specific consume of cranes and other machinery, if relevant;
wastage of materials on the building site before waste processing, generated by the product’s installation
(specified by type);
output materials (specified by type) as result of waste processing at the building site e.g. of
...
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