SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
(Main)Welding - Friction welding of metallic materials (ISO 15620:2019)
Welding - Friction welding of metallic materials (ISO 15620:2019)
This document specifies requirements for the friction welding of components manufactured from metals.
It specifies requirements particular to rotational friction welding related to welding knowledge, quality
requirements, welding procedure specification, welding procedure approval and welding personnel.
This document is appropriate where a contract, an application standard or a regulatory requirement
requires the demonstration of the manufacturer's capability to produce welded constructions
of a specified quality. It has been prepared in a comprehensive manner to be used as a reference in
contracts. The requirements given can be adopted in full or some can be deleted, if not relevant to the
construction concerned.
Schweißen - Reibschweißen von metallischen Werkstoffen (ISO 15620:2019)
Dieses Dokument legt die Anforderungen für das Reibschweißen von Bauteilen aus metallischen Werkstoffen fest.
Es legt insbesondere Anforderungen zum Rotationsreibschweißen fest, die sich auf die Verfahrensgrund-lagen, Qualitätsanforderungen, Schweißanweisung, die Anerkennung des Schweißverfahrens und das Schweißpersonal beziehen.
Dieses Dokument kann angewendet werden, wenn Lieferbedingungen, eine Anwendungsnorm oder Regelwerke den Nachweis des Herstellers zur Erzeugung geschweißter Konstruktionen einer definierten Qualität verlangen. Diese Norm ist als umfassendes Bezugsdokument für Verträge erarbeitet worden. Die gestellten Anforderungen können vollständig oder teilweise übernommen werden, falls sie für die betreffende Konstruktion zutreffend sind.
Soudage - Soudage par friction des matériaux métalliques (ISO 15620:2019)
Le présent document définit des exigences relatives au soudage par friction d'éléments métalliques.
Il définit des exigences spécifiques au soudage par friction rotative, relatives aux connaissances en soudage, aux exigences de qualité, au descriptif de mode opératoire de soudage et à la qualification du mode opératoire de soudage et du personnel en soudage.
Le présent document est applicable lorsqu'un contrat, une norme d'application ou une exigence réglementaire nécessitent d'apporter la preuve de la capacité d'un fabricant à réaliser une construction soudée d'un niveau de qualité spécifié. Il a été préparé avec une approche globale, en vue d'être utilisé en tant que référence dans les contrats. Les exigences indiquées peuvent être adoptées en intégralité, ou certaines d'entre elles peuvent être supprimées si elles ne sont pas applicables à la construction visée.
Varjenje - Torno varjenje kovinskih materialov (ISO 15620:2019)
Ta dokument določa zahteve za torno varjenje komponent, izdelanih iz kovin. Določa zahteve, ki veljajo zlasti za rotacijsko torno varjenje, povezane z znanjem varjenja, kakovostnimi zahtevami, specifikacijo varilnega postopka, odobritvijo varilnega postopka in varilnim osebjem.
Ta dokument je primeren, če pogodba, standard uporabe ali zakonodaja zahteva prikaz zmogljivosti proizvajalca za izdelavo varjenih konstrukcij določene kakovosti. Pripravljen je bil podrobno z namenom, da bi bil uporabljen kot referenca pri pogodbah. Navedene zahteve je mogoče sprejeti v celoti ali pa nekatere izbrisati, če niso pomembne za zadevno konstrukcijo.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
01-september-2019
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 15620:2002
Varjenje - Torno varjenje kovinskih materialov (ISO 15620:2019)
Welding - Friction welding of metallic materials (ISO 15620:2019)
Schweißen - Reibschweißen von metallischen Werkstoffen (ISO 15620:2019)
Soudage - Soudage par friction des matériaux métalliques (ISO 15620:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 15620:2019
ICS:
25.160.10 Varilni postopki in varjenje Welding processes
SIST EN ISO 15620:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
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SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
EN ISO 15620
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.160.10 Supersedes EN ISO 15620:2000
English Version
Welding - Friction welding of metallic materials (ISO
15620:2019)
Soudage - Soudage par friction des matériaux Schweißen - Reibschweißen von metallischen
métalliques (ISO 15620:2019) Werkstoffen (ISO 15620:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 May 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 15620:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
EN ISO 15620:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of EU Directive 2014/68/EU (PED) aimed to be covered . 4
2
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SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
EN ISO 15620:2019 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 15620:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 "Welding
and allied processes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding and allied
processes” the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2019, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 15620:2000.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For the relationship with EU Directive(s) see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 15620:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 15620:2019 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
EN ISO 15620:2019 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of EU Directive 2014/68/EU (PED) aimed to be covered
This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission's standardization request M/071
"Mandate to CEN for standardization in the field of pressure equipment" to provide one voluntary
means of conforming to essential requirements of Directive 2014/68/EU (PED) on the harmonisation of
the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of pressure equipment.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of
the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements
of that Directive, and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Annex I of the Directive
2014/68/EU (PED)
Essential Requirements of Clauses of this EN Remarks/Notes
Directive 2014/68/EU (PED)
Annex I, 3.1 Clause 4 Welding procedures
Welding components quality and
Annex I, 3.1.1 Sub-clauses 5.1, 5.2, 5.4
preparation
Annex I, 3.1.4 Sub-clause 5.3 Heat treatment
Annex I, 3.1.2 – paragraphs Welding procedure specification
Clauses 6, 7, 8
1,2,3 and approval, welding personnel
WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European
Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this
standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European
Union.
WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) and services falling within
the scope of this standard.
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SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15620
Second edition
2019-05
Welding — Friction welding of
metallic materials
Soudage — Soudage par friction des matériaux métalliques
Reference number
ISO 15620:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
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SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
ISO 15620:2019(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
ISO 15620:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Welding knowledge . 3
4.1 Process . 3
4.1.1 General. 3
4.1.2 Direct drive rotational friction welding . 4
4.1.3 Stored energy (inertia) friction welding . 6
4.1.4 Further processes . 8
4.1.5 Friction welding arrangements . 8
4.2 Materials and material combinations . 8
4.3 Friction welding machines. 9
4.3.1 General. 9
4.3.2 Features .10
5 Quality requirements .10
5.1 General .10
5.2 Pre-welding requirements .10
5.2.1 Condition of raw materials . .10
5.2.2 Preparation of the components to be welded . .11
5.2.3 Component holding .11
5.3 Post-welding treatment .11
5.4 Quality assurance.11
6 Welding procedure specification (WPS) .12
6.1 General .12
6.2 Information related to the manufacturer .12
6.3 Information related to the material .13
6.4 Welding parameters .13
6.5 Joint .13
6.6 Optional devices .13
7 Welding procedure approval .13
7.1 Principles .13
7.2 Welding procedure tests .14
7.2.1 Application .14
7.2.2 Preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS) .14
7.2.3 Number of test weldments .14
7.2.4 Specification for test specimens .14
7.2.5 Test procedures.16
7.2.6 Acceptance criteria .18
7.3 Welding procedure approval record (WPQR) .18
7.4 Previous experience .18
7.5 Circumstances mandating requalification .18
7.6 Machine-specific nature of a WPS .19
7.7 Requalification procedure requirements .19
8 Welding personnel.19
8.1 Friction welding machine operator.19
8.2 Friction welding machine setter .19
8.3 Welding coordination personnel (supervisor) .19
Annex A (informative) Relationship of welding parameters .20
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SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
ISO 15620:2019(E)
Annex B (informative) Additional processes based on friction .22
Annex C (informative) Material combinations weldable by friction welding .25
Annex D (informative) Guidelines for quality assurance .27
Annex E (informative) Examination and test .28
Annex F (informative) Manufacturer's friction welding procedure specification (WPS) .30
Annex G (informative) Characteristics of friction welded components .32
Annex H (informative) Welding procedure approval record form (WPQR) Welding
procedure approval — Test certificate .37
Bibliography .40
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
ISO 15620:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes,
Subcommittee SC 10, Quality management in the field of welding.
Any feedback, question or request for official interpretation related to any aspect of this document
should be directed to the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 10 via your national standards body. A complete
listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html. Official interpretations, where they
exist, are available from this page: https: //committee .iso .org/sites/tc44/home/interpretation .html.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 15620:2000), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Clause 2 has been updated;
— in Clause 3, terms not used in the text have been deleted;
— in Annex B of 4 processes based on friction have been added;
— the recommended test to perform on test weld has been clarified (addition of Table 4).
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SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
ISO 15620:2019(E)
Introduction
Friction welding is a method for making welds in the solid phase in which one component is moved
relative to and in pressure contact with the mating component to produce heat at the faying surfaces,
the weld being completed by the application of a force during or after the cessation of relative motion.
There are several forms of supplying energy and various forms of relative movements.
The generation of friction heating results in a comparatively low joining temperature at the interface.
This is largely the reason why friction welding is suitable for materials and material combinations
which are otherwise difficult to weld. The weld region is generally narrow and normally has a refined
microstructure.
While the friction welding process deals primarily with components of circular cross-section it does
not preclude the joining of other component shapes.
vi © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15620:2019(E)
Welding — Friction welding of metallic materials
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements for the friction welding of components manufactured from metals.
It specifies requirements particular to rotational friction welding related to welding knowledge, quality
requirements, welding procedure specification, welding procedure approval and welding personnel.
This document is appropriate where a contract, an application standard or a regulatory requirement
requires the demonstration of the manufacturer's capability to produce welded constructions
of a specified quality. It has been prepared in a comprehensive manner to be used as a reference in
contracts. The requirements given can be adopted in full or some can be deleted, if not relevant to the
construction concerned.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological database for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
axial force
force in axial direction between components to be welded
3.2
burn-off length
loss of length during the friction phase
3.3
burn-off rate
rate of shortening of the components (3.4) during the friction welding process
3.4
component
single item before welding
3.5
component induced braking
reduction in rotational speed (3.18) resulting from friction between the interfaces
3.6
external braking
braking located externally reducing the rotational speed (3.18)
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SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
ISO 15620:2019(E)
3.7
faying surface
surface of one component (3.4) that is to be in contact with a surface of another component (3.4) to
form a joint
3.8
forge force
force applied normal to the faying surfaces (3.7) at the time when relative movement between the
components (3.4) is ceasing or has ceased
3.9
forge burn-off length
amount by which the overall length of the components (3.4) is reduced during the application of the
forge force (3.8)
3.10
forge phase
interval time in the friction welding cycle between the start and finish of application of the forge
force (3.8)
3.11
forge pressure
pressure (force per unit area) on the faying surfaces (3.7) resulting from the axial forge force (3.8)
3.12
forge time
time for which the forge force (3.8) is applied to the components (3.4)
3.13
friction force
force applied perpendicularly to the faying surfaces (3.7) during the time that there is relative movement
between the components (3.4)
3.14
friction phase
interval time in the friction welding cycle in which the heat necessary for making a weld is generated
by relative motion and the friction force(s) (3.13) between the components (3.4), i.e. from contact of
components (3.4) to the start of deceleration
3.15
friction pressure
pressure (force per unit area) on the faying surfaces (3.7) resulting from the axial friction force
3.16
friction time
time during which relative movement between the components (3.4) takes place at rotational speed
(3.18) and under application of the friction force(s) (3.13)
3.17
interface
contact area developed between the faying surfaces (3.7) after completion of the welding operation
3.18
rotational speed
number of revolutions per minute of rotating component (3.4)
3.19
stick-out
distance a component (3.4) sticks out from the fixture, or chuck in the direction of the mating
component (3.4)
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SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
ISO 15620:2019(E)
3.20
deceleration phase
interval in the friction welding cycle in which the relative motion of the components (3.4) is
decelerated to zero
3.21
deceleration time
time required by the moving component (3.4) to decelerate from friction speed to zero speed
3.22
total length loss (upset)
loss of length that occurs as a result of friction welding, i.e. the sum of the burn-off length (3.2) and the
forge burn-off length (3.9)
3.23
total weld time
time elapsed between component (3.4) contact and end of forging phase
3.24
welding cycle
succession of operations carried out by the machine to make a weldment and return to the initial
position, excluding component (3.4) - handling operations
3.25
weldment
two or more components joined by welding
4 Welding knowledge
4.1 Process
4.1.1 General
The classification of friction welding processes is listed in Table 1.
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SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
ISO 15620:2019(E)
Table 1 — Classification of friction welding processes
4.1.2 Direct drive rotational friction welding
The energy input is provided by direct drive at predetermined rotational speed or speeds (see Figure 1
and Figure 2).
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SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
ISO 15620:2019(E)
Key
1 drive motor
2 brake
3 rotating clamp
4 stationary clamp
5 rotating workpiece
6 stationary workpiece
7 forge cylinder
Figure 1 — Diagram showing direct drive rotational friction welding
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SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
ISO 15620:2019(E)
Key
a
1 axial force Burn-off length.
b
2 axial displacement Friction time.
c
3 rotational speed Deceleration time.
d
4 friction phase Forge time.
e
5 friction force Forge burn-off length.
f
6 deceleration phase Total length loss (upset).
7 forge phase
8 forge force
Figure 2 — Diagram showing typical relationships of characteristics for friction welding at
constant rotational speed (friction welding, process No. 42 in accordance with ISO 4063)
The spindle is either decelerated at a predetermined rate or stopped by external braking or component
induced braking. The main welding parameters are listed below and their relationship is given in
Annex A:
— rotational speed(s);
— predetermined friction force(s);
— friction time or burn-off;
— predetermined forge force(s);
— forge time;
— deceleration time and forge delay.
4.1.3 Stored energy (inertia) friction welding
Energy stored in an inertia mass is used up in the friction welding process by component induced
braking (see Figure 3 and Figure 4).
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SIST EN ISO 15620:2019
ISO 15620:2019(E)
Key
1 drive motor
2 inertia mass, variable
3 rotating clamp
4 stationary clamp
5 rotating workpiece
6 stationary workpiece
7 forge cylinder
Figure 3 — Diagram showing inertia friction welding
Key
1 axial force 6 forge p
...
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