SIST EN 62056-8-6:2017
(Main)Electricity metering data exchange - The DLMS/COSEM Suite - Part 8-6: High speed PLC ISO/IEC 12139-1 profile for neighbourhood networks
Electricity metering data exchange - The DLMS/COSEM Suite - Part 8-6: High speed PLC ISO/IEC 12139-1 profile for neighbourhood networks
This part of IEC 62056 specifies the DLMS/COSEM communication profile for ISO/IEC
12139-1 High speed PLC (HS-PLC) neighbourhood networks.
It uses the standard ISO/IEC 12139-1 established by ISO/IEC JTC1 SC06.
Datenkommunikation der elektrischen Energiemessung - DLMS/COSEM - Teil 8-6: Schnelles PLC-ISO/IC-12139-1-Profil für Areal-Netze
Échange des données de comptage de l'électricité - La suite DLMS/COSEM - Partie 8-6: Profil CPL ISO/IEC 12139-1 à grande vitesse pour les réseaux de voisinage
L'IEC 62056-8-6:2017 spécifie le profil de communication DLMS/COSEM des réseaux de voisinage CPL à grande vitesse (HS-PLC) de l'ISO/IEC 12139‑1. Elle s'appuie sur la norme ISO/IEC 12139‑1 établie par l'ISO/IEC JTC1 SC06.
Izmenjava podatkov pri merjenju električne energije - Niz DLMS/COSEM - 8-6. del: Profil z visoko hitrostjo PLC ISO/IEC 12139-1 za sosednja omrežja
Ta del standarda IEC 62056 določa komunikacijski profil DLMS/COSEM za profil z visoko hitrostjo PLC ISO/IEC 12139-1 za sosednja omrežja.
Uporablja standard ISO/IEC 12139-1, ki je določen s standardom ISO/IEC JTC1 SC06.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 62056-8-6:2017
01-september-2017
,]PHQMDYDSRGDWNRYSULPHUMHQMXHOHNWULþQHHQHUJLMH1L]'/06&26(0GHO
3URILO]YLVRNRKLWURVWMR3/&,62,(& ]DVRVHGQMDRPUHåMD
Electricity metering data exchange - The DLMS/COSEM Suite - Part 8-6: High speed
PLC ISO/IEC 12139-1 profile for neighbourhood networks
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 62056-8-6:2017
ICS:
17.220.20 0HUMHQMHHOHNWULþQLKLQ Measurement of electrical
PDJQHWQLKYHOLþLQ and magnetic quantities
35.110 Omreževanje Networking
91.140.50 Sistemi za oskrbo z elektriko Electricity supply systems
SIST EN 62056-8-6:2017 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 62056-8-6:2017
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SIST EN 62056-8-6:2017
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 62056-8-6
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2017
ICS 17.220; 35.110; 91.140.50
English Version
Electricity metering data exchange - The DLMS/COSEM suite -
Part 8-6: High speed PLC ISO/IEC 12139-1 profile for
neighbourhood networks
(IEC 62056-8-6:2017)
Échange des données de comptage de l'électricité - La Datenkommunikation der elektrischen Energiemessung -
suite DLMS/COSEM - Partie 8-6: Profil CPL ISO/IEC DLMS/COSEM - Teil 8-6: Schnelles PLC-ISO/IC-12139-1-
12139-1 à grande vitesse pour les réseaux de voisinage Profil für Areal-Netze
(IEC 62056-8-6:2017) (IEC 62056-8-6:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2017-05-15. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 62056-8-6:2017 E
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SIST EN 62056-8-6:2017
EN 62056-8-6:2017
European foreword
The text of document 13/1730/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62056-8-6, prepared by IEC/TC 13
"Electrical energy measurement and control" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and
approved by CENELEC as EN 62056-8-6:2017.
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2018-02-15
• latest date by which the document has to be
implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national (dow) 2020-05-15
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62056-8-6:2017 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
2
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SIST EN 62056-8-6:2017
EN 62056-8-6:2017
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 62056-1-0 2014 Electricity metering data exchange - The EN 62056-1-0 2015
DLMS/COSEM suite - Part 1-0: Smart
metering standardisation framework
IEC 62056-4-7 - Electricity metering data exchange - The EN 62056-4-7 -
DLMS/COSEM suite -- Part 4-7:
DLMS/COSEM transport layer for IP
networks
IEC 62056-5-3 - Electricity metering data exchange - The EN 62056-5-3 -
DLMS/COSEM suite - Part 5-3:
DLMS/COSEM application layer
IEC 62056-6-1 - Electricity metering data exchange - The EN 62056-6-1 -
DLMS/COSEM suite - Part 6-1: Object
Identification System (OBIS)
IEC 62056-6-2 2016 Electricity metering data exchange - The EN 62056-6-2 2016
DLMS/COSEM suite - Part 6-2: COSEM
interface classes
IEC 62056-7-6 - Electricity metering data exchange - The EN 62056-7-6 -
DLMS/COSEM suite -- Part 7-6: The 3-
layer, connection-oriented HDLC based
communication profile
IEC 62056-9-7 - Electricity metering data exchange - The EN 62056-9-7 -
DLMS/COSEM suite -- Part 9-7:
Communication profile for TCP-UDP/IP
networks
IEC 62056-46 - Electricity metering - Data exchange for EN 62056-46 -
meter reading, tariff and load control -- Part
46: Data link layer using HDLC protocol
IEC/TS 62056-1-1 2016 Electricity metering data exchange - The - -
DLMS/COSEM suite - Part 1-1: Template
for DLMS/COSEM communication profile
standards
ISO/IEC 12139-1 2009 Information technology - - -
Telecommunications and information
exchange between systems - Powerline
communication (PLC) - High speed PLC
medium access control (MAC) and
physical layer (PHY) - Part 1: General
requirements
ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-3 2014 Standard for Ethernet - -
RFC 1144 - Compressing TCP/IP Headers for Low- - -
Speed Serial Links
RFC 2460 - Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) - -
Specification
RFC 2508 - Compressing IP/UDP/RTP Headers for - -
Low-Speed Serial Links
3
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SIST EN 62056-8-6:2017
EN 62056-8-6:2017
RFC 3095 - RObust Header Compression (ROHC): - -
Framework and four profiles: RTP, UDP,
ESP, and uncompressed
RFC 791 - Internet Protocol - DARPA Internet - -
Program Protocol Specification
4
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SIST EN 62056-8-6:2017
IEC 62056-8-6
®
Edition 1.0 2017-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Electricity metering data exchange – The DLMS/COSEM suite –
Part 8-6: High speed PLC ISO/IEC 12139-1 profile for neighbourhood networks
Échange des données de comptage de l'électricité – La suite DLMS/COSEM –
Partie 8-6: Profil CPL ISO/IEC 12139-1 à grande vitesse pour les réseaux de
voisinage
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.220; 35.110; 91.140.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-4150-9
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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SIST EN 62056-8-6:2017
– 2 – IEC 62056-8-6:2017 IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 8
4 Targeted communication environments . 9
5 Use of the communication layers for this profile . 10
5.1 Information related to the use of the standard specifying the lower layers . 10
5.2 Structure of the communication profile . 10
5.3 Lower protocol layers and their use. 11
5.3.1 Overview . 11
5.3.2 Physical layer . 11
5.3.3 MAC layer. 11
5.4 Service mapping and adaptation layers . 11
5.4.1 Overview . 11
5.4.2 CPAS . 12
5.4.3 IP SSAS . 12
5.4.4 HDLC SSAS . 16
5.5 Registration and connection management . 19
6 Identification and addressing schemes . 19
7 Specific considerations for the application layer services . 20
7.1 Overview. 20
7.2 Application Association establishment and release: ACSE services . 20
7.3 xDLMS services . 20
7.4 Security mechanisms . 21
7.5 Transferring long application messages . 21
7.6 Media access, bandwidth and timing considerations . 21
7.7 Other considerations . 21
8 Communication configuration and management . 21
9 The COSEM application process . 21
10 Additional considerations for the use of this profile . 21
Annex A (informative) Examples . 22
A.1 IP-based communication examples . 22
A.2 HDLC-based communication examples . 25
A.2.1 Example 1: Data link layer connection establishment (SNRM-UA
exchange). 25
A.2.2 Example 2: Establishment of an AA (AARQ – AARE exchange) . 26
A.2.3 Example 3: Data communication (Get-request) . 28
A.2.4 Example 4: Disconnection example with Releasing (DISC) . 30
Annex B (normative) COSEM ICs for data exchange using HS-PLC ISO/IEC 12139-1
neighbourhood networks . 32
B.1 General . 32
B.2 Interface classes for setting up and managing DLMS/COSEM HS-PLC
ISO/IEC 12139-1 networks . 32
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SIST EN 62056-8-6:2017
IEC 62056-8-6:2017 IEC 2017 – 3 –
B.2.1 Overview . 32
B.2.2 HS-PLC ISO/IEC 12139-1 MAC setup (class_id = 140, version = 0) . 32
B.2.3 HS-PLC ISO/IEC 12139-1 CPAS setup (class_id = 141, version = 0) . 33
B.2.4 HS-PLC ISO/IEC 12139-1 IP SSAS setup (class_id = 142, version = 0) . 34
B.2.5 HS-PLC ISO/IEC 12139-1 HDLC SSAS setup (class_id = 143, version =
0). 35
B.3 Relation to OBIS . 35
B.3.1 Use of value group C . 35
B.3.2 Objects for data exchange using DLMS/COSEM HS-PLC ISO/IEC
12139-1 networks . 36
Index . 37
Figure 1 – Entities and interfaces of a smart metering system using the terminology of
IEC 62056-1-0 . 9
Figure 2 – DLMS/COSEM High Speed PLC profile . 10
Figure 3 – Adaptation layer architecture . 11
Figure 4 – CPAS frame structure . 12
Figure 5 – IP SSAS control packet . 13
Figure 6 – IP SSAS data packet . 13
Figure 7 – HDLC SSAS Frame . 16
Figure 8 – Message configuration for response to HDLC addresses request . 17
Table 1 – IP SSAS control packet format Inconsistencies! IP_Len . 13
Table 2 – IP SSAS data packet format . 14
Table 3 – Values for IP_Header_Comp_Type . 15
Table 4 – Valid range of the Transmission_status value . 16
Table 5 – HDLC SSAS Frame format . 17
Table 6 – Usage of CMD and STA fields . 17
Table 7 – Client and Server SAPs for the IP based communication . 20
Table 8 – Client and Server SAPs for the HDLC based communication . 20
Table B.1 – Use of value group C for abstract objects in the COSEM context . 36
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SIST EN 62056-8-6:2017
– 4 – IEC 62056-8-6:2017 IEC 2017
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTRICITY METERING DATA EXCHANGE –
THE DLMS/COSEM SUITE –
Part 8-6: High speed PLC ISO/IEC 12139-1
profile for neighbourhood networks
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62056-8-6 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 13:
Electrical energy measurement and control.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
13/1730/FDIS 13/1741/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
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SIST EN 62056-8-6:2017
IEC 62056-8-6:2017 IEC 2017 – 5 –
A list of all parts in the IEC 62056 series, published under the general title Electricity metering
data exchange – The DLMS/COSEM suite, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
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– 6 – IEC 62056-8-6:2017 IEC 2017
INTRODUCTION
As defined in IEC 62056-1-0, the IEC 62056 DLMS/COSEM suite provides specific
communication profile standards for communication media relevant for smart metering.
Such communication profile standards specify how the COSEM data model and the
DLMS/COSEM application layer can be used on the lower, communication media-specific
protocol layers.
Communication profile standards refer to communication standards that are part of the
IEC 62056 DLMS/COSEM suite or to any other open communication standard.
This document specifies the DLMS/COSEM profile for High Speed PLC (HS-PLC)
technologies according to ISO/IEC 12139-1 for neighbourhood networks. The technology is
based on Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) modulation. It may be used in low voltage or on medium
voltage distribution networks. The PHY rate of High Speed PLC is typically 24 Mbps, however
the data throughput varies according to many aspects of low voltage or medium voltage power
lines. Although High Speed PLC can be used both on low voltage and medium voltage
networks, in this document HS-PLC on low voltage network is only considered.
When implementing advanced services based on DLMS/COSEM profiles such as complex
tariff programs, data security measures, two-way consumption data exchange for demand
response and so forth, the neighbourhood network may become a bottleneck. The HS-PLC
technology minimizes such bottlenecks due to the high data rates available. Moreover, the
HS-PLC technology can accommodate increased amounts of data thus it can additionally
support other applications such as Internet of Things (IoT).
Using the high speed PLC technology specified in ISO/IEC 12139-1 may be subject to
national regulations. However, this aspect is outside the Scope of this document.
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SIST EN 62056-8-6:2017
IEC 62056-8-6:2017 IEC 2017 – 7 –
ELECTRICITY METERING DATA EXCHANGE –
THE DLMS/COSEM SUITE –
Part 8-6: High speed PLC ISO/IEC 12139-1
profile for neighbourhood networks
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62056 specifies the DLMS/COSEM communication profile for ISO/IEC
12139-1 High speed PLC (HS-PLC) neighbourhood networks.
It uses the standard ISO/IEC 12139-1 established by ISO/IEC JTC1 SC06.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 62056-1-0:2014, Electricity metering data exchange – The DLMS/COSEM suite –
Part 1-0: Smart metering standardisation framework
IEC TS 62056-1-1:2016, Electricity metering data exchange – The DLMS/COSEM suite –
Part 1-1: Template for DLMS/COSEM communication profile standards
IEC 62056-46, Electricity metering – Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control
– Part 46: Data link layer using HDLC protocol
IEC 62056-4-7, Electricity metering data exchange – The DLMS/COSEM suite – Part 4-7:
DLMS/COSEM transport layer for IP networks
IEC 62056-5-3, Electricity metering data exchange – The DLMS/COSEM suite – Part 5-3:
DLMS/COSEM application layer
IEC 62056-6-1, Electricity metering data exchange – The DLMS/COSEM suite – Part 6-1:
Object Identification System (OBIS)
IEC 62056-6-2:2016, Electricity metering data exchange – The DLMS/COSEM suite –
Part 6-2: COSEM interface classes
IEC 62056-7-6, Electricity metering data exchange – The DLMS/COSEM suite – Part 7-6:
The 3-layer, connection-oriented HDLC based communication profile
IEC 62056-9-7, Electricity metering data exchange – The DLMS/COSEM suite – Part 9-7:
Communication profile for TCP-UDP/IP networks
ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802:2014, Standard for Ethernet
ISO/IEC 12139-1:2009, Information technology – Telecommunications and information
exchange between systems – Power line communication (PLC) – High speed PLC medium
access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) – Part 1: General requirements
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– 8 – IEC 62056-8-6:2017 IEC 2017
RFC 791, Internet Protocol, DARPA internet program protocol specification, 1981
RFC 1144, Compressing TCP/IP Headers for Low-Speed Serial Links, 1990
RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification, 1998
RFC 2508, Compressing IP/UDP/RTP Headers for Low-Speed Serial Links, 1999
RFC 3095, RObust Header Compression (ROHC): Framework and four profiles: RTP, UDP,
ESP, and uncompressed, 2001
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
adaptation layer
supporting layer between PHY/MAC layer of ISO/IEC 12139-1 and upper layer
3.2 Abbreviated terms
AA Application Association
ADPL Adaptation Layer
APDU Application Layer Protocol Data Unit
CMD Command
COSEM Companion Specification for Energy Metering
CPAS Common Part Adaptation Sublayer
DLMS Device Language Message Specification
DMT Discrete Multi-Tone
HDLC High-level Data Link Control
HES Head End System
HS-PLC High Speed Power Line Communication
IC Interface Class
IoT Internet of Things
IP Internet Protocol
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ISO International Organization for Standardization
LLC Logical Link Control
LN Local Network
LNAP Local Network Access Points
MAC Medium Access Control
MPDU MAC Protocol Data Unit
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SIST EN 62056-8-6:2017
IEC 62056-8-6:2017 IEC 2017 – 9 –
NN Neighbourhood Network
NNAP Neighbourhood Network Access Points
PDU Protocol Data Unit
PHY Physical Layer
PLC Power Line Communication
SAP Service Access Point
SSAS Service Specific Adaptation Sublayer
STA Status
4 Targeted communication environments
The DLMS/COSEM High speed PLC (HS-PLC) ISO/IEC 12139-1 profile is intended for remote
data exchange on Neighbourhood Networks (NN) between Neighbourhood Network Access
Points (NNAPs) and metering devices or Local Network Access Points (LNAPs) using HS-PLC
technology over the low voltage electricity distribution network as a communication medium.
The functional reference architecture is shown in Figure 1.
Simple
Metering
consumer
device
display
Home automation
system
LNAP Local network access point
NNAP Neighbourhood network access point
HES Head end system
Not in scope
Power Line
of TC13
IEC
Figure 1 – Entities and interfaces of a smart metering
system using the terminology of IEC 62056-1-0
Metering devices – typically electricity meters – comprise application functions and
communication functions. They may be connected directly to the NNAP via the C interface, or
to an LNAP via the M interface, while the LNAP is connected to the NNAP via the C interface.
The LNAP function may be co-located with the metering functions.
WAN Wide Area Network
NN Neighbourhood Network
LN Local Network
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A NNAP comprises gateway functions and it may comprise concentrator functions. Upstream,
it is connected to the metering Head End System (HES) using suitable communication media
and protocols.
Metering devices and LNAPs may communicate to different NNAPs, but to one NNAP only at
a time.
NNAPs and similarly LNAPs may
...
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