SIST EN 14899:2006
(Main)Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan
Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan
This European Standard specifies the procedural steps to be taken in the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan. The Sampling Plan describes the method of collection of the laboratory sample necessary for meeting the objective of the testing programme. The principles or basic rules outlined in this European Standard, provide a framework that can be used by the project manager to:
produce standardised Sampling Plans for use in regular or routine circumstances (elaboration of daughter/derived standards dedicated to well defined sampling scenarios);
incorporate the specific sampling requirements of European and national legislation;
design and develop a Sampling Plan for use on a case by case basis.
This European Standard has been developed for the characterization of waste.
There may be a need for more than one Sampling Plan to meet all the requirements of the testing programme. Ultimately the Sampling Plan provides the sampler with detailed instructions on how sampling should be carried out.
NOTE Although this European Standard in most cases refers to the taking of one sample or increment or the preparation of one laboratory sample, it should be noted that often this should be more than one. For simplicity reasons this European Standard uses singular terms, while plural terms are also possible or even likely.
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Probenahme von Abfällen - Rahmen für die Erstellung und Anwendung eines Probenahmeplans
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Verfahrensschritte fest, die bei der Vorbereitung und Anwendung eines Probenahmeplans durchzuführen sind. Im Probenahmeplan wird das Verfahren zur Entnahme der Laborprobe beschrieben, die erforderlich ist, um die Zielsetzung des Untersuchungsverfahrens zu erreichen. Die in dieser Europäischen Norm enthaltenen Grundsätze bzw. Grundregeln liefern einen Rahmen, der vom Projektleiter für Folgendes verwendet werden kann:
3 die Erarbeitung standardisierter Probenahmepläne für eher routinemäßig erfolgende Probenahmen;
3 zur Erfüllung der jeweiligen Anforderungen der nationalen Gesetzgebung;
3 den Entwurf und die Erarbeitung eines Probenahmeplans auf einer Fallbasis.
Möglicherweise ist mehr als ein Probenahmeplan erforderlich, um alle Anforderungen des Untersuchungsverfahrens zu erfüllen. Letztendlich ist es der Probenahmeplan, der dem Probenehmer ausführliche Anleitungen dazu gibt, wie die Probenahme ausgeführt werden sollte.
ANMERKUNG Obwohl sich diese Norm in den meisten Fällen auf die Entnahme einer einzelnen Probe bzw. Einzelprobe oder auf die Herstellung einer einzelnen Laborprobe bezieht, sollte beachtet werden, dass die Zahl der Proben in den meisten Fällen höher sein sollte. Aus Gründen der Vereinfachung werden die Begriffe in dieser Norm in der Einzahl verwendet; es ist jedoch möglich oder sogar wahrscheinlich, dass die Mehrzahl ebenfalls zutrifft.
Caractérisation des déchets - Prélevement des déchets - Procédure-cadre pour l'élaboration et la mise en oeuvre d'un plan d'échantillonnage
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les étapes procédurales a respecter dans l’élaboration et la mise en ouvre d’un plan d’échantillonnage. Le plan d’échantillonnage décrit la méthode permettant de collecter l’échantillon pour laboratoire nécessaire pour satisfaire a l’objectif du programme d’essai. Les principes ou regles fondamentales décrites dans la présente Norme européenne fournissent un cadre pouvant etre utilisé par le chef de projet pour :
élaborer des plans d’échantillonnage normalisés destinés a etre utilisés dans des circonstances normales ou en routine (c’est-a-dire élaborer des normes filles ou dérivées portant sur des scénarios d’échantillonnage bien définis) ;
incorporer des exigences d’échantillonnage spécifiques dans la législation européenne et nationale ;
concevoir et développer un plan d’échantillonnage au cas par cas.
La présente Norme européenne a été développée pour la caractérisation des déchets.
Pour satisfaire a toutes les exigences du programme d’essai, plusieurs plans d’échantillonnage peuvent etre nécessaires. En fin de compte, le plan d’échantillonnage fournit a l’échantillonneur des instructions détaillées sur la maniere dont il convient d’effectuer l’échantillonnage.
NOTE Bien que, dans la plupart des cas, la présente Norme européenne fasse référence au prélevement d’un seul échantillon ou d’un seul prélevement élémentaire ou encore a la préparation d’un seul échantillon pour laboratoire, il convient de noter qu’il y en a souvent plus d’un. Pour des raisons de simplicité, la présente Norme européenne utilise des termes singuliers, bien que des termes pluriels soient possibles, voire probables.
Karakterizacija odpadkov – Vzorčenje odpadkov - Okvirno navodilo za pripravo in uporabo načrta vzorčenja
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Probenahme von Abfällen - Rahmen für die Erstellung und Anwendung eines ProbenahmeplansCaractérisation des déchets - Prélevement des déchets - Procédure-cadre pour l'élaboration et la mise en oeuvre d'un plan d'échantillonnageCharacterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan13.030.01Odpadki na splošnoWastes in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14899:2005SIST EN 14899:2006en,fr,de01-maj-2006SIST EN 14899:2006SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 14899:2006
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14899December 2005ICS 13.030.01 English VersionCharacterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials -Framework for the preparation and application of a SamplingPlanCaractérisation des déchets - Prélèvement des déchets -Procédure-cadre pour l'élaboration et la mise en oeuvred'un plan d'échantillonnageCharakterisierung von Abfällen - Probenahme von Abfällen- Rahmen für die Erstellung und Anwendung einesProbenahmeplansThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 October 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14899:2005: ESIST EN 14899:2006
EN 14899:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 Introduction.4 1 Scope.7 2 Normative references.7 3 Terms and definitions.7 4 Preparation of a Sampling Plan.11 4.1 Principle.11 4.2 Key elements of a Sampling Plan.14 4.2.1 Involved parties.14 4.2.2 Objectives of the Testing Programme.14 4.2.3 Testing level.14 4.2.4 Identify constituents to be tested.15 4.2.5 Background information on material.15 4.2.6 Health and safety.16 4.2.7 Select sampling approach.17 4.2.8 Identify sampling technique.19 5 Sampling.19 5.1 Taking the sample.19 5.2 Delivery.20 6 Reporting.20 6.1 Document Sampling Plan.20 6.2 Sampling Record.20 Annex A (informative)
Example information Sampling Plan.22 Annex B (informative)
Example information Sampling Record.23 Bibliography.26
SIST EN 14899:2006
EN 14899:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14899:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2006. This European Standard has been prepared under the mandate M/326 given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SIST EN 14899:2006
EN 14899:2005 (E) 4 Introduction Wastes are materials, which the holder discards, or intends or is required to discard, and which may be sent for final disposal, reuse or recovery. Such materials are generally heterogeneous and it will be necessary therefore to specify in the testing programme the amount of material for which the characteristics of interest need to be defined. The testing of wastes allows informed decisions to be made on the appropriate way in which they should be treated, (or not), and recovered or disposed. In order to undertake valid tests a (number of) representative sample(s) of the waste may be required. The potential scope of an overall testing programme can be complex, the process flow chart in Figure 1, defines 7 key steps that make up the essential elements of the testing programme. The principles outlined in this European Standard provide a framework that can be used to design and develop a Sampling Plan; being the first of the 7 key steps. This European Standard should be read in conjunction with the other standards developed by TC 292, which provide detailed instructions on how to complete the remaining key steps. All information is provided in accordance with the requirements specified in these European Standards. Further information on the relationship between the production of a Sampling Plan and the overall testing programme objectives can be found in
prCEN/TR 15310-5. At the outset, all appropriate involved parties will discuss and agree the objectives and boundaries of the programme, although in some cases pre-conditions set by national legislation may define these objectives. In turn the objectives will help define the level of testing required e.g. basic characterization, compliance or verification testing, in addition to the desired reliability of the testing / assessment and frequency of testing. In designing the sampling exercise attention will then be given to other factors, which include: the type of material to be sampled, the accessibility of the material and the parameters to be determined. Collectively, these activities allow the scope of the testing programme to emerge. To reach the objectives of a testing programme, methods of sampling need to be selected or designed that ensure availability of appropriate samples representative for the purpose of the tests to be performed. The overall test programme design often involves iterative discussion between the involved parties. A Sampling Plan is defined by the specific objectives of the testing programme and how those objectives can be practically achieved with reference specifically to the sampling activities for the situation and material under investigation. Additionally, this European Standard deals with the actual sampling in accordance with the Sampling Plan and the development of the sampling report. More than one Sampling Plan may be required to fulfil all the objectives of the testing programme. A Sampling Plan should detail all the information pertinent to a particular sampling exercise. The procedural steps that will be considered to complete key step 1 “The preparation and application of a Sampling Plan” are detailed in Figure 2. It is this process map that provides the basic framework for the practitioner developing a Sampling Plan to meet the requirements of any testing programme. This European Standard can be used to: produce standardised sampling plans for use in regular or routine circumstances (elaboration of daughter/derived standards dedicated to well defined sampling scenarios); incorporate the specific sampling requirements of European and national legislation; design and develop a Sampling Plan for use on a case by case basis. SIST EN 14899:2006
EN 14899:2005 (E) 5 Essential information for the application of this European Standard can be found in the following five Technical Reports: CEN/TR 15310-11: Characterization of waste — Sampling of waste materials — Part 1: Guidance on selection and application of criteria for sampling under various conditions; CEN/TR 15310-21: Characterization of waste — Sampling of waste materials — Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques; CEN/TR 15310-31: Characterization of waste — Sampling of waste materials — Part 3: Guidance on procedures for sub-sampling in the field; CEN/TR 15310-41: Characterization of waste — Sampling of waste materials — Part 4: Guidance on procedures for sample packaging, storage, preservation, transport and delivery; CEN/TR 15310-51: Characterization of waste — Sampling of waste materials — Part 5: Guidance on the process of defining the sampling plan. The Technical Reports contain procedural options (as detailed in Figure 2) that can be selected to match the sampling requirements of any testing programme. Although this European Standard refers in most cases to the taking of one sample or increment, or the preparation of one laboratory sample, it should be noted that in many cases this will be more than one. For simplicity this European Standard adopts the use of singular terms, plural terms will however be possible or likely.
1 To be published. SIST EN 14899:2006
EN 14899:2005 (E) 6
The Testing ProgrammePreperation and application of the Sampling PlanTake a sample in accordance with the Sampling PlanDefine the Sampling PlanIf necessary undertake sample pretreatment to produce a laboratory sample Laboratory SampleProduce a sampling recordTransport the sample to the laboratoryTest portion preparationExtractionAnalysis / quantificationAnalyse data against programme objectives (utilise statistical testing methods)Produce overall Measurement Report1234567Sampling RecordOverall Measurement ReportStorageStorage NOTE Key steps define the 7 overall steps that make-up a testing programme. Figure 1 — Links between the essential elements of a testing programme SIST EN 14899:2006
EN 14899:2005 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the procedural steps to be taken in the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan. The Sampling Plan describes the method of collection of the laboratory sample necessary for meeting the objective of the testing programme. The principles or basic rules outlined in this European Standard, provide a framework that can be used by the project manager to: produce standardised Sampling Plans for use in regular or routine circumstances (elaboration of daughter/derived standards dedicated to well defined sampling scenarios); incorporate the specific sampling requirements of European and national legislation; design and develop a Sampling Plan for use on a case by case basis. This European Standard has been developed for the characterization of waste. There may be a need for more than one Sampling Plan to meet all the requirements of the testing programme. Ultimately the Sampling Plan provides the sampler with detailed instructions on how sampling should be carried out. NOTE Although this European Standard in most cases refers to the taking of one sample or increment or the preparation of one laboratory sample, it should be noted that often this should be more than one. For simplicity reasons this European Standard uses singular terms, while plural terms are also possible or even likely. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13965-1:2004, Characterization of waste — Terminology — Part1: Material related terms and definitions EN 13965-2:2004, Characterization of waste — Terminology — Part2: Management related terms and definitions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 13965-1:2004,
EN 13965-2:2004 and the following apply. NOTE This European Standard avoids the use of the terms ‘sampling protocol’ and ‘sampling strategy’ as they are both known to represent conflicting concepts in a number of countries.
3.1 composite sample two or more increments / sub-samples mixed together in appropriate proportions, either discretely or continuously (blended composite sample), from which the average value of a desired characteristic may be obtained [ISO 11074-2:1998] 3.2 constituent property or attribute of a material that is measured, compared or noted SIST EN 14899:2006
EN 14899:2005 (E) 8 3.3 field sample quantity (mass or volume) of material obtained through sampling without any sub-sampling 3.4 heterogeneity degree to which a constituent (3.2) is not uniformly distributed throughout a quantity of material NOTE 1 A material may be homogeneous with respect to one constituent or property but heterogeneous with respect to another. NOTE 2 The degree of heterogeneity is the determining factor in sampling uncertainty. 3.5 homogeneity degree to which a constituent (3.2) is uniformly distributed throughout a quantity of material 3.6 increment individual portion of material collected by a single operation of a sampling device which will not be analysed / investigated as a single entity, but will be mixed with other increments in a composite sample NOTE 1 Whenever the portion of material collected by a single operation of a sampling device is analysed individually, the obtained material is called a sample. In such a situation the quantity of material has to fulfil both the criteria for the size of an increment as well as for a sample. NOTE 2 In some languages the term 'increment' is used without the condition that an increment will never be analysed on its own. For this European Standard this is however an essential condition in the definition of the term ‘increment’.
3.7 involved parties individuals involved in the (iterative) process relating to the exchange of information regarding the material to be sampled NOTE Such parties include, for instance, the sampler, the analyst, the client, the regulator and the producer of the material. The person responsible for the overall measurement report is the Project Manager. 3.8 judgemental sampling samples collected using at best a partially-probabilistic procedure and at worst a non-probabilistic approach NOTE Usually these samples are taken from a sub-population which is substantially more restrictive than the overall population. 3.9 laboratory sample sample(s) or sub-sample(s) sent to or received by the laboratory NOTE 1 The laboratory sample may be used directly as the test sample, or may require further preparation such as sample size reduction, mixing, grinding, or any combinations of these operations to produce the test sample. NOTE 2 The laboratory sample is the final sample from the point of view of sample collection but it is the initial sample from the point of view of the laboratory. NOTE 3 Several laboratory samples may be prepared and sent to different laboratories or to the same laboratory for different purposes. SIST EN 14899:2006
EN 14899:2005 (E) 9 3.10 probabilistic sampling sampling conducted according to the statistical principles of sampling NOTE 1 The essential principle of probabilistic sampling is that every individual particle or item in the population has an equal chance of being sampled. NOTE 2 Probabilistic sampling results in boundary conditions for the type of sampling equipment used, the method of sampling (where, when, how) and the minimum size of increments and (composite) samples. 3.11 project manager individual responsible for the development of the Sampling Plan and the testing programme 3.12 population totality of items under consideration [ISO 3534-1:1993] 3.13 representative sample sample in which the characteristic(s) of interest is (are) present with a reliability appropriate for the purposes of the testing programme 3.14 sample portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material [ISO 11074-2:1998] NOTE 1 The manner of selection of the sample should be described in a sampling plan. NOTE 2 The use of the term ‘sample’ should be supported with a preface as far as possible as it does not indicate to which step of the total sampling procedure it is related when used alone e.g. field sample, laboratory sample. 3.15 sampler person carrying out the sampling procedures at the sampling locality [ISO 11074-2:1998] NOTE 1 Tools and other devices to obtain samples are sometimes also designated ‘samplers’. In this case write ‘sampling devices’ or ‘sampling equipment’. NOTE 2 The sampler should have specific knowledge and experience in waste sampling. The Sampling Plan may state that the sampler shall be independent of the producer of the waste.
3.16 sample size number of items or the quantity of material constituting a sample [ISO 11074-2:1998] 3.17 sampling process of drawing or constituting a sample [ISO 3534-1:1993] SIST EN 14899:2006
EN 14899:2005 (E) 10 3.18 sampling plan all the information pertinent to a particular sampling activity [ISO 11074-2:1998] NOTE Predetermined procedure for the selection, withdrawal, preservation, transportation and preparation of the portions to be removed from a population as a sample.
3.19 sampling record report which serves as a check list and provides the investigator with all necessary information about the sampling techniques applied at the site and any additional important information [ISO 11074-2:1998] 3.20 sampling techniques all appropriate procedures and sampling devices used to obtain and describe samples of material, either in the field or during transportation and in the laboratory [ISO 11074-2:1998] NOTE The manner of selection of the sampling techniques should be described in a sampling plan. 3.21 sub-population defined part of the population that will be targeted for the purposes of sampling 3.22 sub-sample quantity (mass or volume) of material obtained by procedures in which the characteristics of interest are randomly distributed in parts of equal or unequal size NOTE 1 A sub-sample may be: a) portion of the sample obtained by selection or division; or b) individual unit of the sub-population taken as part of the sample; or c) final unit of multi-stage sampling. NOTE 2 The term ‘sub-sample’ is used either in the sense of a ‘sample of a sample’ or as a synonym for ‘unit’. In practice, the meaning is usually apparent from the context or is defined. 3.23 sub-sampling process of selecting one or more sub-samples from a sample of population [ISO 11074-2:1998] 3.24 testing programme total sampling operation, from the first step in which the objectives of sampling are defined to the last step in which data is analysed against these objectives SIST EN 14899:2006
EN 14899:2005 (E) 11 4 Preparation of a Sampling Plan 4.1 Principle A Sampling Plan shall be completed prior to undertaking any sampling. The principles laid out in this European Standard can be used to produce a Sampling Plan for any testing programme. In the process of defining a Sampling Plan the key elements of the testing programme (Figure 2) shall be addressed. This standardised process will produce a Sampling Plan that can either be used to: produce standardised sampling plans for use in regular or routine circumstances (elaboration of daughter / derived standards dedicated to well defined sampling scenarios); incorporate the specific sampling requirements of European and national legislation; design and develop a Sampling Plan for use on a case by case basis. In order to translate the requirements of the testing programme into a Sampling Plan, input on the following issues shall be available: testing programme objective; population and sub-population to be sampled to meet the testing objective; scale; desired reliability for the selected sampling approach. By providing specific and practical instructions to the sampler, the Sampling Plan defines the boundaries and logistics of the sampling element of the testing programme in an unambiguous way.
When defining a Sampling Plan: a) Sampling Plan shall meet the requirements arising from other key steps in the testing programme; b) identify and agree the proposed sampling design through consultation with involved parties, see 4.2.1; c) record the specific instructions for when, where, by whom and how many increments are to be taken; d) record all safety precautions that shall be taken to protect the sampler. For additional information see 4.2.6. NOTE 1 The specific details contained within any Sampling Plan will differ according to the objectives of the overall testing programme. NOTE 2 In the process of defining a Sampling Plan the specific objectives of the sampling programme are translated into practical instructions to the sampler. The Sampling Plan therefore details all the information pertinent to a particular sampling exercise and instructs the sampler how the sampling is to be carried out. Basically, the Sampling Plan specifies how the objectives of the testing program can be achieved for the situation and material type under investigation. However, as the objectives themselves are in most cases only remotely related to the practical instructions that are essential to the sampler, the Sampling Plan normally does not list the objectives of the testing programme. SIST EN 14899:2006
EN 14899:2005 (E) 12 Information related to this European Standard can be found in five informative Technical Reports referenced in Figure 2. These provide essential information for the application of this European Standard. The informative Technical Reports contain procedural options that can be selected to match the sampling requirements of any testing programme. SIST EN 14899:2006
EN 14899:2005 (E) 13 Identify involved partiesKey elements definedin sampling plan4.2.1Identify objectives anddefine technical goalsDetermine generic levelof testing required (withreference to objectives)-consultation withinvolved parties-basic characterisation-compliance testing-on-site verification-target parameters-physical-chemical-biologicalDefine-location of arisings-production process-variability process-waste characteristicsRef: TR1: Selection andapplication of criteria forsampling under variousconditions-identify sampling population-no.of samples-sampling pattern, location-sample size-required reliability of outcome4.2.2Identify constituentsto be tested4.2.3Research backgroundinformation on waste4.2.4Identify Health andSafety precautionsIdentify most appropriatesampling technique toaddress sampling requirements-Ref:TR2: Sampling techniquesIf necessary undertake samplepretreatment to producelaboratory sample Ref: TR3Take a sample inaccordance with sampling planSelect samplingapproach. Identify typeor sampling probabilisticv judgemental4.2.54.2.64.2.74.2.75.1Ref: TR4 Procedures forsample packaging, storage,preservation, transport anddeliveryTransport the sample tothe laboratoryLaboratory sampleProduce a sampling reportREMAINING KEY STEPSOF TESTING PROGRAMME5.26Ref:TR5Guidanceon theprocess ofdefining aSamplingPlanKey Step 3Key Step 2Key Step 1 Figure 2 — Key elements of a Sampling Plan SIST EN 14899:2006
EN 14899:2005 (E) 14 4.2 Key elements of a Sampling Plan 4.2.1 Involved parties The Sampling Plan shall be prepared under the direction of a project manager in consultation with all appropriate involved parties. Such parties include, for example: the sampler, the analyst, the client, the regulator and the producer of the material. NOTE 1 The level and category of waste to be tested dictate pertinent involved parties. NOTE 2 In cases where the level of complexity is low, a number or all of these roles can be the responsibility of one individual, although responsibilities may still differ. For example the Project Manager may be from the facility undertaking the testing, and may act as the sampler. 4.2.2 Objectives of the Testing Programme In the process of developing the Sampling Plan the objective of the testing programme shall be identified through consultation with all appropriate involved parties, see 4.2.1. The definition of the objective of the testing programme by the appropriate involved parties is an essential step towards defining the type and quality of information that is to be obtained through sampling. NOTE 1 In some circumstances it may be possible to meet a number of testing objectives using a single Sampling Plan, however, more commonly a separate Sampling Plan will be defined for each objective. NOTE 2 The objectives of the Testing Programme may include: necessity to compare the quality of the test material with quality levels defined in (inter)national legislation; change in ownership of the material and as a consequence the need to characterise the material; determining the (re)usability of the material; determining the leachability/ total composition of the material; assessing the human health and / or environmental risks posed by the material. The defined objective of the testing programme is an essential input to the definition of the Sampling Plan. The Sampling Plan shall translate and document the objective of the testing programme into practical and achievable technical goals that take into account the physical state, accessibility and quantity of the material to be sampled. These technical goals can be linked to specific data analysis requirements and a select number of statistical analytical tools that provide a consistent means of assessing and interpreting testing data. Such tools ultimately provide the means to verify whether the testing objective(s) have been met or not. NOTE 3 This diversity of technical goals affects the location and minimum requirements for the sampling exercise as well as the number and volume of the samples and it is therefore important that both the objective and derived technical goals of the testing programme are clearly identified to ensure that the collected samples meet the objective. The Sampling Plan shall identify any anticipated restrictions or limitations which relate to the sampling steps as identified in Figure 2 that may impact on the reliability of the testing data. 4.2.3 Testing level The Sampling Plan shall identify the level of testing required to meet the technical goals of the Testing Programme. These will dictate the different types and frequency of investigation to be performed. It SIST EN 14899:2006
EN 14899:2005 (E) 15 may specify a quantified level of uncertainty for the contribution of the sampling steps to the overall uncertainty of the Testing Programme. NOTE Examples of testing levels could include: basic (comprehensive) characterization, consisting of a thorough determination of the behaviour and properties of interest of the material (for example, Level 1 testin
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