SIST-TP CEN/TR 16110:2024
(Main)Characterization of waste - Guidance on the use of ecotoxicity tests applied to waste
Characterization of waste - Guidance on the use of ecotoxicity tests applied to waste
Ecotoxicity tests can be applied to wastes to identify their potential hazardous properties with respect to the environment or to assess the risk related to a site-specific exposure scenario. This document provides guidance for the selection and use of ecotoxicity tests for both applications.
This document focuses on the following selected field of applications:
a) Basic ecotoxicological characterization;
b) Site-specific exposure scenario;
c) Landfill management:
1) monitoring of leachates;
2) mineral waste going to non-controlled landfill sites.
d) Re-use of waste:
1) use of sludge in agriculture;
2) use of mineral waste in road construction.
The user should be aware that other fields of application can also be covered by ecotoxicological testing not being in the scope of the document. The ecotoxicological assessment of waste within other scenarios might need the development of other test strategies.
Depending on the waste type and the assessment goal, relevant criteria are described for the selection of a test strategy and the suitable ecotoxicity test(s).
This document also provides guidance for individual ecotoxicity test protocols to meet the specific demands of waste testing (e.g. limitations, test design, confounding factors).The tests recommended represent a minimum test battery that may be accomplished by additional tests or even be replaced by others according to the waste, the intended use or protection goal envisaged.
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Anleitung zur Anwendung von Ökotoxizitätsprüfungen auf Abfälle
Caractérisation des déchets - Recommandations sur l'utilisation des essais d'écotoxicité appliqués aux déchets
Les essais d'écotoxicité peuvent être appliqués aux déchets pour identifier leurs propriétés de danger en fonction de l'environnement ou pour évaluer le risque lié à un scénario d'exposition spécifique du site. Le présent document fournit des lignes directrices relatives à la sélection et l'utilisation d'essais d'écotoxicité pour les deux applications.
Le présent document concerne les domaines d'application sélectionnés suivants :
a) propriétés de danger (c’est-à-dire HP 14) ;
b) scénario d'exposition spécifique du site ;
c) gestion des décharges :
a. surveillance des lixiviats ;
b. déchets minéraux sur des sites d’enfouissement non contrôlés ;
d) réutilisation des déchets :
c. utilisation des boues en agriculture ;
d. utilisation des déchets minéraux dans le domaine de la construction de routes.
Il convient que l'utilisateur sache que d'autres domaines d'application peuvent également être couverts par des essais écotoxicologiques qui ne font pas partie du domaine d'application du document. L'évaluation écotoxicologique des déchets effectuée dans d'autres situations peut nécessiter le développement d'autres stratégies d'essai.
En ce qui concerne plus spécifiquement l'évaluation des propriétés de danger, le présent document se concentre sur la caractérisation écotoxicologique des déchets à l’aide de bio-essais.
Selon le type de déchets et l'objectif d'évaluation, des critères pertinents sont décrits pour la sélection d'une stratégie d’essai et de l’essai ou des essais d'écotoxicité appropriés.
Le présent document fournit également des recommandations relatives à des protocoles d'essai d'écotoxicité afin de répondre aux demandes spécifiques des essais portant sur les déchets (par exemple, limites, dispositif d'essai, facteurs confondants). Les essais proposés représentent une batterie minimale d'essais qui peut être complétée par des essais supplémentaires ou encore être remplacés par d'autres, selon les déchets, l'utilisation prévue ou l'objectif de protection envisagé.
Karakterizacija odpadkov - Navodilo za uporabo ekotoksikoloških preskusov za odpadke
Z ekotoksikološkimi preskusi je mogoče ugotoviti potencialno nevarne lastnosti odpadkov za okolje oziroma oceniti tveganje v povezavi s scenarijem izpostavljenosti na določenem mestu. Ta dokument zagotavlja smernice v zvezi z izbiro in uporabo ekotoksikoloških preskusov v obeh primerih.
Dokument se osredotoča na naslednja področja uporabe:
a) osnovna ekotoksikološka karakterizacija;
b) scenarij izpostavljenosti na določenem mestu;
c) obvladovanje odlaganja odpadkov:
1) spremljanje izcednih voda;
2) odlaganje mineralnih odpadkov na nenadzorovana odlagališča;
d) ponovna uporaba odpadkov:
1) uporaba blata v kmetijstvu;
2) uporaba mineralnih odpadkov za gradnjo cest.
Uporabnik naj se zaveda, da ekotoksikološko preskušanje zajema tudi druga področja uporabe, ki ne spadajo na področje uporabe tega dokumenta. Za ekotoksikološko oceno odpadkov v drugih scenarijih bo morda treba razviti drugačne preskusne strategije.
Glede na vrsto odpadka in cilj ocenjevanja so opisana ustrezna merila za izbiro preskusne strategije in ustreznih ekotoksikoloških preskusov.
Ta dokument vsebuje tudi smernice za posamezne protokole ekotoksikološkega preskušanja, ki ustrezajo posebnim zahtevam za preskušanje odpadkov (npr. omejitve, zasnova preskusa, zavajajoči dejavniki). Priporočeni preskusi predstavljajo minimalni sklop preskusov, ki se lahko doseže z dodatnimi preskusi ali celo nadomesti z drugimi glede na vrsto odpadka, predvideno uporabo ali predvideni cilj zaščite.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2024
Nadomešča:
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16110:2011
Karakterizacija odpadkov - Navodilo za uporabo ekotoksikoloških preskusov za
odpadke
Characterization of waste - Guidance on the use of ecotoxicity tests applied to waste
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Anleitung zur Anwendung von Ökotoxizitätsprüfungen
auf Abfälle
Caractérisation des déchets - Recommandations sur l'utilisation des essais d'écotoxicité
appliqués aux déchets
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16110:2024
ICS:
13.030.01 Odpadki na splošno Wastes in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
CEN/TR 16110
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
February 2024
TECHNISCHER REPORT
ICS 13.030.01 Supersedes CEN/TR 16110:2010
English Version
Characterization of waste - Guidance on the use of
ecotoxicity tests applied to waste
Caractérisation des déchets - Recommandations sur Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Anleitung zur
l'utilisation des essais d'écotoxicité appliqués aux Anwendung von Ökotoxizitätsprüfungen auf Abfälle
déchets
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 1 January 2024. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 444.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16110:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 General information provided by the content of the guidance document . 8
5 Sampling, transport, storage and sample preparation . 8
6 Leaching procedures for ecotoxicological testing . 9
6.1 Overview of methods . 9
6.1.1 General. 9
6.1.2 Basic characterization . 9
6.1.3 Compliance tests . 10
6.1.4 “On-site verification” . 10
6.2 Selection of leaching tests . 10
Table 1 — Advantages and limitations of leaching procedures for ecotoxicity testing . 10
Table 2 — Advantages and limitations of different leachants . 12
Table 3 — Advantages and limitations of separation techniques . 12
7 Ecotoxicological testing . 13
7.1 General remarks about the use of ecotoxicity tests . 13
7.2 General criteria for selection of tests for establishing a test battery . 13
Table 4 — Overview of the weight of criteria for selection of ecotoxicity tests as a function of
different scenarios. 3 Essential characteristic; 2: important characteristic; 1:
subsidiary characteristic . 14
Table 5 — Relevance for ecotoxicological testing to potentially affected compartments in the
different fields of application . 15
7.3 Limitations of proposed ecotoxicity tests for waste characterization . 15
8 Selected field of applications . 16
8.1 Assessment of the hazardous property HP 14. 16
8.1.1 Introduction . 16
8.1.2 Sample pre-treatment and leaching procedure . 16
8.1.3 Proposal for a test battery . 17
8.1.4 Test design (limit test / ECx), . 17
8.1.5 Decision-making criteria for classifying waste (limit values) . 18
8.1.6 The way for a common approach . 18
Figure 1 — Summary of the different steps and level of consensus . 18
8.2 Site-specific exposure scenarios . 18
8.2.1 General. 18
8.2.2 Landfill management . 19
8.2.3 Re-Use of waste . 21
Figure 2 — Testing scheme for sludges and composts . 23
Annex A (informative) The national practices to assess the hazardous property HP 14
‘Ecotoxic’ Assessment of the Questionnaire . 25
A.1 Background . 25
A.2 Concerns / Limitations . 25
A.3 National approaches to assess HP 14 . 26
Table A.1 . 26
Table A.2 . 26
Table A.3 . 28
A.4 Types of wastes covered by the assessment . 29
Table A.4 . 29
Table A.5 . 30
A.5 Preparation of water extracts . 31
Table A.6 . 31
Table A.7 . 32
Table A.8 . 33
A.6 Battery of ecotoxicity tests . 34
Table A.9 . 34
A.7 Limit values, test design and decision-making criteria . 36
Table A.10 . 36
Bibliography . 38
European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16110:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 444
“Environmental characterization of solid matrices”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TR 16110:2010.
CEN/TR 16110:2010:
— The reference to the assessment of hazardous property HP 14 “Ecotoxic” in place of basic
ecotoxicological characterization
— The inclusion of an annex that summarizes the national practices to assess the hazardous property
HP 14 'Ecotoxic' and the addition of the main conclusions of this survey in subclause 8.1.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
Introduction
Ecotoxicity can be estimated using two approaches: a chemical-specific approach and a toxicity-based
approach. In the first situation, chemical analyses are compared to quality criteria or threshold values to
estimate toxicity. In the second case, toxicity is measured directly using toxicity tests. These two
approaches complement each other. However, determination of pollutants in complex mixtures of
unknown composition (a characteristic of many wastes) does not allow a relevant estimation of toxicity.
For such samples, the toxicity-based approach is usually recognized to be the best approach to assess
toxicity. Ecotoxicity tests integrate the effects of all contaminants including additive, synergistic and
antagonistic effects. They are sensitive to the bioavailable fraction of the contaminants only and integrate
the effects of all contaminants, including those, not considered or detected by chemical analyses.
Ecotoxicity tests can be applied to wastes to identify their hazardous properties (i.e. HP 14) in accordance
with Council Regulation (EU) 2017/997 [22] or to assess the risk related to a site-specific exposure
scenario. Determining the hazard classification of waste for hazardous property HP 14 “Ecotoxic” by
applying calculation formulae, generic cut-off values, as defined in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 [24] is
out of the scope of this document.
The majority of existing ecotoxicity tests being internationally harmonized were developed to describe
the ecotoxic potential of a test substance when added to water or to soil/soil material, of wastewater or
of eluates. These methods can be applied with some modifications for the ecotoxicological
characterization of wastes. Nevertheless, users of these methods should be aware that the validation of
the methods is not complete. Several studies as well as an International ring test have been conducted to
validate some test methods for waste samples and the results have been used as background information.
1 Scope
Ecotoxicity tests can be applied to wastes to identify their potential hazardous properties with respect to
the environment or to assess the risk related to a site-specific exposure scenario. This document provides
guidance for the selection and use of ecotoxicity tests for both applications.
This document focuses on the following selected field of applications:
a) hazardous properties (i.e. HP 14);
b) Site-specific exposure scenario;
c) Landfill management:
a. monitoring of leachates;
b. mineral waste going to non-controlled landfill sites.
d) Re-use of waste:
c. use of sludge in agriculture;
d.
...
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