SIST EN ISO 13857:2008
Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)
Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)
This International Standard establishes values for safety distances in both industrial and non-industrial environments to prevent machinery hazard zones being reached. The safety distances are appropriate for protective structures. It also gives information about distances to impede free access by the lower limbs (see 4.3). This International Standard covers people of 14 years and older (the 5th percentile stature of 14 year olds is approximately 1 400 mm). In addition, for upper limbs only, it provides information for children older than 3 years (5th percentile stature of 3 year olds is approximately 900 mm) where reaching through openings needs to be addressed. The distances apply when adequate safety can be achieved by distance alone. Because safety distances depend on size, there will be some people of extreme dimensions who will be able to reach hazard zones even when the requirements of this International Standard are complied with. The clauses of the International Standard covering lower limbs apply when access by the upper limbs is not foreseeable according to the risk assessment. The safety distances are intended to protect those persons trying to reach hazard zones under the conditions specified (see 4.1.1).
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsabstände gegen das Erreichen von Gefährdungsbereichen mit den oberen und unteren Gliedmaßen (ISO 13857:2008)
Diese Internationale Norm legt Werte für Sicherheitsabstände gegen das Erreichen von maschinellen Gefährdungsbereichen für gewerbliche und öffentliche Bereiche fest. Die Sicherheitsabstände sind geeignet für schützende Konstruktionen. Ferner enthält sie Informationen über Abstände, die den freien Zugang durch die unteren Gliedmaße verhindern (siehe Anhang B).
Sie bezieht Personen mit einer Höhe von 1,4 m ein (dies schließt mindestens das 5. Percentil der Personen ab 14 Jahre ein). Nur für die oberen Gliedmaßen stellt sie zusätzlich Informationen für Kinder älter als 3 Jahre bereit, wenn das Hindurchreichen durch Öffnungen zu berücksichtigen ist.
ANMERKUNG 1 Daten zur Vermeidung des Zugangs von Kindern mit den unteren Gliedmaßen werden nicht betrachtet.
Diese Abstände sind anwendbar, wenn eine angemessene Sicherheit allein durch Abstand ereicht werden kann. Da Sicherheitsabstände von der Größe abhängen, kann es extrem großen Personen möglich sein, Gefahrenbereiche zu erreichen, obwohl die Anforderungen dieser Norm eingehalten sind.
ANMERKUNG 2 Diese Sicherheitsabstände bieten keinen ausreichenden Schutz bei bestimmten Gefährdungen, z. B. Strahlung und Emission von Substanzen. Bei solchen Gefährdungen sind zusätzliche oder andere Maßnahmen zu treffen.
Die die unteren Gliedmaßen behandelnden Abschnitte in dieser Internationalen Norm gelten, wenn Zugang durch die oberen Gliedmaßen nach der Risikobeurteilung nicht vorhersehbar ist.
Die Sicherheitsabstände sind vorgesehen solche Personen zu schützen, die unter den festgelegten Bedingungen (siehe 4.1.1) Gefährdungsbereiche zu erreichen versuchen.
Sécurité des machines - Distances de sécurité empechant les membres supérieurs et inférieurs d'atteindre les zones dangereuses (ISO 13857:2008)
L'ISO 13857:2008 établit des valeurs en matière de distances de sécurité, tant dans un environnement industriel que public, afin d'empêcher l'atteinte des zones dangereuses des machines. Les distances de sécurité sont adaptées aux structures de protection. La présente Norme internationale donne également des informations concernant les distances empêchant le libre accès des membres inférieurs. Elle couvre les personnes d'un âge égal ou supérieur à 14 ans (la taille du 5e percentile des personnes âgées de 14 ans est d'environ 1 400 mm). Pour les membres supérieurs uniquement, elle fournit en outre des informations concernant les enfants âgés de plus de 3 ans (la taille du 5e percentile des personnes âgées de 3 ans est d'environ 900 mm) pour ce qui concerne l'atteinte des zones dangereuses à travers des ouvertures.
Varnost strojev - Varnostne razdalje, ki preprečujejo doseg nevarnih območij z zgornjimi in spodnjimi udi (ISO 13857:2008)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 13857:2008
01-maj-2008
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 294:1997
SIST EN 294:1997/AC:2003
SIST EN 811:1998
9DUQRVWVWURMHY9DUQRVWQHUD]GDOMHNLSUHSUHþXMHMRGRVHJQHYDUQLKREPRþLM]
]JRUQMLPLLQVSRGQMLPLXGL ,62
Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsabstände gegen das Erreichen von
Gefährdungsbereichen mit den oberen und unteren Gliedmaßen (ISO 13857:2008)
Sécurité des machines - Distances de sécurité empechant les membres supérieurs et
inférieurs d'atteindre les zones dangereuses (ISO 13857:2008)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13857:2008
ICS:
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
SIST EN ISO 13857:2008 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 13857
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2008
ICS 13.110 Supersedes EN 294:1992, EN 811:1996
English Version
Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones
being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008)
Sécurité des machines - Distances de sécurité empêchant Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsabstände gegen das
les membres supérieurs et inférieurs d'atteindre les zones Erreichen von Gefährdungsbereichen mit den oberen und
dangereuses (ISO 13857:2008) unteren Gliedmaßen (ISO 13857:2008)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 February 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13857:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
EN ISO 13857:2008 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC .4
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC .5
2
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EN ISO 13857:2008 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 13857:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199 "Safety of
machinery" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 "Safety of machinery", the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by September 2008.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 294:1992, EN 811:1996.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directives.
For relationship with EC Directives, see informative Annex ZA and ZB, which are integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 13857:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 13857:2008 without any modification.
3
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EN ISO 13857:2008 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC
This International Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 98/37/EC.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative
clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity
with the corresponding Essential Requirements 1.1.2, 1.3.7, 1.4.1 of that Directive and associated EFTA
regulations.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the products falling within the
scope of this standard.
4
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EN ISO 13857:2008 (E)
Annex ZB
(informative)
Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC
This International Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide one means of conforming to Essential Requirements of
the New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative
clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity
with the corresponding Essential Requirements 1.1.2, 1.3.7, 1.4.1 of that Directive and associated EFTA
regulations.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard.
5
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13857
First edition
2008-03-01
Safety of machinery — Safety distances
to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs
Sécurité des machines — Distances de sécurité empêchant les
membres supérieurs et inférieurs d'atteindre les zones dangereuses
Reference number
ISO 13857:2008(E)
©
ISO 2008
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 13857:2008(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2008
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 13857:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Safety distances to prevent access by upper and lower limbs . 2
4.1 General. 2
4.2 Safety distances to prevent access by upper limbs . 3
4.3 Safety distances to prevent access by lower limbs. 11
Annex A (informative) Use of Tables 1 and 2 with intermediate values . 13
Annex B (informative) Distances to impede free access by lower limbs . 16
Bibliography . 17
Figure 1 — Reaching upwards . 3
Figure 2 — Reaching over protective structure . 4
Figure 3 — Openings of irregular shape . 10
Figure A.1 — Example 1 — Table 2. 13
Figure A.2 — Example 2 — Table 2. 14
Figure A.3 — Example 3 — Table 2. 15
Figure B.1 — Impeding free movement under protective structures. 16
Table 1 — Reaching over protective structures — Low risk. 5
Table 2 — Reaching over protective structures — High risk. 6
Table 3 — Reaching around with limitation of movement. 7
Table 4 — Reaching through regular openings — Persons of 14 years of age and above . 8
Table 5 — Reaching through regular openings — Persons of 3 years of age and above . 9
Table 6 — Reaching around with additional protective structures . 11
Table 7 — Reaching through openings of regular shape by lower limbs. 12
Table B.1 — Distances where access of the lower limbs is restricted . 16
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO 13857:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 13857 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery.
This first edition of ISO 13857 cancels and replaces ISO 13852:1996 and ISO 13853:1998, of which it
constitutes a technical revision. Annex A, giving guidance on how to use Tables 1 and 2 with intermediate
values, has been added, and the former Annex A of ISO 13853 has become Annex B.
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO 13857:2008(E)
Introduction
This document is a type B standard as stated in ISO 12100-1.
The provisions of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type C standard.
For machines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which have been designed and built
according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the
provisions of this type B standard.
One method of eliminating or reducing risks caused by machinery is to make use of safety distances
preventing hazard zones from being reached by the upper and lower limbs.
In specifying safety distances, a number of aspects have to be taken into consideration, such as
⎯ reach situations occurring when machinery is being used,
⎯ reliable surveys of anthropometric data, taking into account population groups likely to be found in the
countries concerned,
⎯ biomechanical factors, such as compression and stretching of parts of the body and limits of joint rotation,
⎯ technical and practical aspects, and
⎯ additional measures for particular groups of persons (e.g. persons with special needs), which could be
required due to a deviation from the specified body dimensions.
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved v
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13857:2008(E)
Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard
zones being reached by upper and lower limbs
1 Scope
This International Standard establishes values for safety distances in both industrial and non-industrial
environments to prevent machinery hazard zones being reached. The safety distances are appropriate for
protective structures. It also gives information about distances to impede free access by the lower limbs
(see 4.3).
th
This International Standard covers people of 14 years and older (the 5 percentile stature of 14 year olds is
approximately 1 400 mm). In addition, for upper limbs only, it provides information for children older than
th
3 years (5 percentile stature of 3 year olds is approximately 900 mm) where reaching through openings
needs to be addressed.
NOTE 1 Data for preventing lower limb access for children is not considered.
The distances apply when adequate safety can be achieved by distance alone. Because safety distances
depend on size, there will be some people of extreme dimensions who will be able to reach hazard zones
even when the requirements of this International Standard are complied with.
NOTE 2 These safety distances will not provide sufficient protection against certain hazards, for example, radiation
and emission of substances. For such hazards, additional or other measures need to be taken.
The clauses of the International Standard covering lower limbs apply when access by the upper limbs is not
foreseeable according to the risk assessment.
The safety distances are intended to protect those persons trying to reach hazard zones under the conditions
specified (see 4.1.1).
NOTE 3 This International Standard is not intended to provide measures against reaching a hazard zone by climbing
over.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100-1, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
ISO 13857:2008(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100-1 and the following apply.
3.1
protective structure
safeguard (e.g. a guard, an impeding device) or other physical obstruction (e.g. a part of a machine) which
restricts the movement of the body and/or a part of it in order to prevent reaching hazard zones
3.2
safety distance
safe separation distance
s
r
minimum distance a protective structure is required to be placed from a hazard zone
4 Safety distances to prevent access by upper and lower limbs
4.1 General
4.1.1 Assumptions
The safety distances in this International Standard have been derived by making the following assumptions:
⎯ the protective structures and any openings in them retain their shape and position;
⎯ safety distances are measured from the surface restricting the body or the relevant part of the body;
⎯ persons may force parts of the body over protective structures or through openings in an attempt to reach
the hazard zone;
⎯ the reference plane is a level at which persons would normally stand, but is not necessarily the floor
(e.g. a working platform could be the reference plane);
⎯ there is some contact with the reference plane while wearing shoes (use of high-soled shoes, climbing
and jumping are not included);
⎯ no aids such as chairs or ladders are used to change the reference plane;
⎯ no aids such as rods or tools are used to extend the natural reach of the upper limbs.
4.1.2 Risk assessment
Before determining the safety distance that prevents people from reaching hazard zones it is necessary to
decide whether to use values for high or low risk. Thus a risk assessment (see ISO 12100-1 and
ISO 14121-1) shall be conducted. The risk assessment shall be based on the probability of occurrence of an
injury and the foreseeable severity of that injury. An analysis of the technical and human elements on which
the risk assessment is dependent is essential to achieving the appropriate selection of data from this
International Standard. The risk assessment shall take into account all accesses. Where several tables are
used, the most restricting values shall be taken (see examples in Annex A).
NOTE 1 Aspects of frequency, duration, energy, speed and shape of contact surface need to be taken into account
when establishing the risk of injury (see ISO 14121-1).
Where there is a low risk, at least the values in Table 1 shall be used (see 4.2.2.1.1).
Where the risk is not low, Table 2, the high risk table, shall be used (see 4.2.2.1.2).
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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ISO 13857:2008(E)
NOTE 2 Only risks arising from hazards such as friction or abrasion, where long-term or irreversible damage to the
body
...
SLOVENSKI oSIST prEN ISO 13857:2006
PREDSTANDARD
julij 2006
Varnost strojev – Varnostne razdalje, ki preprečujejo doseg nevarnih območij
z zgornjimi in spodnjimi udi (ISO/DIS 13857:2006)
Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO/DIS 13857:2006)
ICS 13.110 Referenčna številka
oSIST prEN ISO 13857:2006(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN ISO 13857
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2006
ICS
English Version
Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent danger zones
being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO/DIS 13857:2006)
Sécurité des machines - Distances de sécurité empêchant
les membres supérieurs et inférieurs d'atteindre les zones
dangereuses (ISO/DIS 13857:2006)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for parallel enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 114.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN ISO 13857:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
prEN ISO 13857:2006 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN ISO 13857:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC
199 "Safety of machinery" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 "Safety of
machinery", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the parallel Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements
of EU Directive(s).
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 13857:2006 has been approved by CEN as prEN ISO 13857:2006 without
any modifications.
2
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 13857
ISO/TC 199 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2006-04-27 2006-09-27
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger
zones being reached by upper and lower limbs
Sécurité des machines — Distances de sécurité empêchant les membres supérieurs et inférieurs d'atteindre
les zones dangereuses
(Revision of ISO 13852:1996 and ISO 13853:1998)
ICS 13.110
ISO/CEN PARALLEL ENQUIRY
The CEN Secretary-General has advised the ISO Secretary-General that this ISO/DIS covers a subject
of interest to European standardization. In accordance with the ISO-lead mode of collaboration as
defined in the Vienna Agreement, consultation on this ISO/DIS has the same effect for CEN
members as would a CEN enquiry on a draft European Standard. Should this draft be accepted, a
final draft, established on the basis of comments received, will be submitted to a parallel two-month FDIS
vote in ISO and formal vote in CEN.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at publication
stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
© International Organization for Standardization, 2006
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 13857
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall
not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the
unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
Copyright notice
This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO. Except as permitted
under the applicable laws of the user's country, neither this ISO draft nor any extract from it may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without prior written permission being secured.
Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to either ISO at the address below or ISO's
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
Violators may be prosecuted.
©
ii ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/DIS 13857
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction.vi
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.2
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Safety distances to prevent access by the upper and lower limbs .2
4.1 General .2
4.1.1 Assumptions.2
4.1.2 Risk assessment .3
4.2 Safety distances to prevent access by the upper limbs .3
4.2.1 Reaching upwards (see Figure 1).3
4.2.2 Reaching over protective structures (see Figure 2) .4
4.2.3 Reaching round .7
4.2.4 Reaching through openings.8
4.2.5 Effect of additional protective structures on safety distances.11
4.3 Safety distances to prevent access by the lower limbs.12
Annex A (informative) Use of Tables 1 and 2 with intermediate values.13
Annex B (informative) Distances to impede free access by lower limbs.16
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this International Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC.17
Annex ZB (normative) Corresponding International and European Standards for which
equivalents are not given in the text .18
Bibliography.19
Figures
Figure 1 — Reaching upwards.3
Figure 2 — Reaching over a protective structure .4
Figure 3 — Openings of irregular shape.10
Figure A.1 — Example 1 of using Table 2.13
Figure A.2 — Example 2 of using Table 2.14
Figure A.3 — Example 3 of using Table 2.15
Figure B.1 — Impeding free movement under protective structures.16
Tables
Table 1 — Reaching over protective structures - low risk.5
Table 2 — Reaching over protective structures – high risk.6
Table 3 — Reaching round with limitation of movement .7
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ISO/DIS 13857
Table 4 — Reaching through regular openings for persons of 14 years of age and above . 8
Table 5 — Reaching through regular openings for persons of 3 years of age and above . 9
Table 6 — Reaching round with additional protective structures . 11
Table 7 — Reaching through openings of regular shape by the lower limbs . 12
Table B.1 — Distances where access of the lower limbs is restricted . 16
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ISO/DIS 13857
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 13857 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 199, Safety of machinery.
The first edition of ISO 13857 cancels and replaces ISO 13852:1996 and ISO 13853:1998.
With regard to ISO 13852:1996 and ISO 13853:1998, the following changes have been made:
a) Merge of ISO 13852 and ISO 13853;
b) Addition of Annex A giving guidance on how to use Tables 1 and 2 with intermediate values;
c) Change of Annex A of ISO 13853 to Annex B of this standard.
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ISO/DIS 13857
Introduction
This document is a type B standard as stated in ISO 12100-1.
The provisions of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type C standard.
NOTE For machines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which have been designed and built
according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the provisions of
this type B standard.
One method of eliminating or reducing risks caused by machinery is to make use of safety distances
preventing hazard zones from being reached by the upper and lower limbs.
In specifying safety distances a number of aspects have to be taken into consideration, such as:
⎯ reach situations occurring when machinery is being used;
⎯ reliable surveys of anthropometric data, taking into account ethnic groups likely to be found in the
countries concerned;
⎯ biomechanical factors, such as compression and stretching of parts of the body and limits of joint rotation;
⎯ technical and practical aspects;
⎯ additional measures for particular groups of persons (e.g. persons with limited abilities) may be required
due to a deviation from the specified body dimensions.
For the application of this document a transition period of three years is given.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 13857
Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger
zones being reached by upper and lower limbs
1 Scope
This International Standard establishes values for safety distances in both industrial and public environments
to prevent machinery hazard zones being reached. The safety distances are appropriate for protective
structures. It also gives information about distances to impede free access by the lower limbs (see Annex B).
th
It covers people of 1,4 m height and above (this includes at least the 5 percentile of persons of 14 years and
older). In addition, for upper limbs only, it provides information for children older than 3 years where reaching
through openings needs to be addressed.
NOTE 1 Data for preventing lower limb access for children is not considered.
These distances apply when adequate safety can be achieved by distance alone. Because safety distances
depend on size there will be some people of extreme dimensions, who will be able to reach hazard zones
even when the requirements of this standard are complied with.
NOTE 2 These safety distances will not provide sufficient protection against certain hazards, for example radiation
and emission of substances. For such hazards, additional or other measures need to be taken.
The clauses of the International Standard covering lower limbs apply when access by the upper limbs is not
foreseeable according to the risk assessment.
The safety distances are intended to protect those persons trying to reach hazard zones under the conditions
specified (see 4.1.1).
This International Standard does not provide safety distance information for Electro-Sensitive Protective
Equipment (ESPE).
NOTE 3 Further work on this aspect in ISO 13855 is being considered by ISO/TC 199, in the meantime this
International Standard can be used to derive suitable vertical heights for ESPE.
This International Standard need not be applied to machinery which is covered by certain standards in which
specific testing procedures for safety distances are laid down, for example using the test finger in electrical
applications.
For certain applications, in accordance with an adequate risk reduction (see ISO 12100-1:2003, 3.17), there
may be justifiable reasons to deviate from these safety distances.
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ISO/DIS 13857
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100-1, Safety of machinery – Basic concepts, general principles for design – Part 1: Basic terminology,
methodology
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100-1 and the following apply.
3.1
protective structure
physical obstruction which restricts the movement of the body and/or a part of it in order to prevent reaching of
hazard zones
NOTE For example, a guard or part of a machine.
3.2
safety distance
minimum distance a protective structure shall be placed from a hazard zone
NOTE Safety distance is also known as safe separation distance.
4 Safety distances to prevent access by the upper and lower limbs
4.1 General
4.1.1 Assumptions
The safety distances have been derived by making the following assumptions:
⎯ the protective structures and any openings in them retain their shape and position;
...
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