SIST EN 15194:2009
(Main)Cycles - Electrically power assisted cycles - EPAC bicycle
Cycles - Electrically power assisted cycles - EPAC bicycle
This European Standard is intended to cover electrically power assisted cycles of a type which have a maximum continuous rated power of 0,25 kW, of which the output is progressively reduced and finally cut off as the vehicle reaches a speed of 25 km/h, or sooner, if the cyclist stops pedalling. This European Standard specifies safety requirements and test methods for the assessment of the design and assembly of electrically power assisted bicycles and sub-assemblies for systems using battery voltage up to 48 VDC or integrated a battery charger with a 230 V input. This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for engine power management systems, electrical circuits including the charging system for the assessment of the design and assembly of electrically power assisted cycles and sub-assemblies for systems having a voltage up to and including 48 VDC or integrated a battery charger with a 230 V input.
Fahrräder - Elektromotorisch unterstützte Räder - EPAC Fahrräder
Diese Europäische Norm legt sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren zur Bewertung der
Konstruktion und dem Zusammenbau von elektromotorisch unterstützten Rädern und Baueinheiten für Sys-
teme mit einer Spannung bis zu 48 V Gleichstrom fest.
Sie ist vorgesehen für elektromotorisch unterstützte Rädertypen mit einer maximalen Nenndauerleistung von
0,25 kW, wobei die Leistungs(abgabe) schrittweise reduziert und schließlich abgeschaltet wird, sobald das
Fahrzeug eine Geschwindigkeit von 25 km/h erreicht oder vorher, wenn der Fahrer aufhört, zu pedalieren.
Cycles - Cycles à assistance électrique - Bicyclettes EPAC
La présente norme européenne s’applique aux cycles à assistance électrique d’une puissance nominale
continue maximale de 0,25 kW, dont l’alimentation est réduite progressivement et finalement interrompue
lorsque le véhicule atteint une vitesse de 25 km/h, ou plus tôt, si le cycliste arrête de pédaler.
La présente norme européenne spécifie les exigences de sécurité et les méthodes d’essai relatives à
l’évaluation de la conception et de l’assemblage des bicyclettes à assistance électrique et des sousensembles
dédiés à des systèmes utilisant une tension de batterie allant jusqu’à 48 VDC ou bien un chargeur
de batterie intégré avec une entrée de 230 V.
La présente norme européenne spécifie les exigences et les méthodes d’essai relatives aux systèmes de
gestion de la puissance du moteur, aux circuits électriques y compris au système de chargement pour évaluer
la conception et l’assemblage des cycles à assistance électriques et des sous-ensembles dédiés à des
systèmes présentant une tension allant jusqu’à 48 V DC inclus ou intégrant un chargeur de batterie avec une
entrée de 230 V.
Kolesa - Kolesa z električnim pomožnim pogonom - Kolo KEPP
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Fahrräder - Elektromotorisch unterstützte Räder - EPAC FahrräderCycles - Cycles à assistance électrique - Bicyclettes EPACCycles - Electrically power assisted cycles - EPAC bicycle43.150KolesaCycles43.120Electric road vehiclesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15194:2009SIST EN 15194:2009en,fr01-marec-2009SIST EN 15194:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 15194:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15194January 2009ICS 43.120; 43.150 English VersionCycles - Electrically power assisted cycles - EPAC BicyclesCycles - Cycles à assistance électrique - Bicyclettes EPACFahrräder - Elektromotorisch unterstützte Räder - EPACFahrräderThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 November 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2009 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15194:2009: ESIST EN 15194:2009
EN 15194:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4 Introduction .5 1 Scope .6 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Requirements .9 4.1 General .9 4.2 EPAC specific additional requirements .9 4.2.1 Electric circuit .9 4.2.2 Batteries .9 4.2.3 Electric cables and connections . 10 4.2.4 Power management . 12 4.2.5 Electro Magnetic Compatibility . 13 4.2.6 Maximum speed for which the electric motor gives assistance . 14 4.2.7 Maximum power measurement . 15 5 Marking, labelling. 15 6 Instruction for use . 15 Annex A (informative)
Example of recommendation for battery charging . 16 Annex B (informative)
Example of relation between speed/torque/current . 17 Annex C (normative)
Electromagnetic compatibility of EPAC and ESA . 20 C.1 Conditions applying to vehicles and to electrical/electronic sub-assemblies (ESA) . 20 C.1.1 Marking . 20 C.1.2 Requirements . 20 C.2 Method of measuring broad-band electromagnetic radiation from vehicles . 24 C.2.1 Measuring equipment . 24 C.2.2 Test method . 24 C.2.3 Measurement . 24 C.3 Method of measuring narrow band electromagnetic radiation from vehicles . 25 C.3.1 General . 25 C.3.2 Antenna type, position and orientation . 25 C.4 Methods of testing vehicle immunity to electromagnetic radiation . 25 C.4.1 General . 25 C.4.2 Expression of results . 25 C.4.3 Test conditions . 25 C.4.4 State of the vehicle during the tests . 25 C.4.5 Type, position and orientation of the field generator . 26 C.4.6 Requisite test and condition . 27 C.4.7 Generation of the requisite field strength . 28 C.4.8 Inspection and monitoring equipment . 29 C.5 Method of measuring broad-band electromagnetic radiation from separate technical units (ESA) . 29 C.5.1 General . 29 C.5.2 State of the ESA during the test . 29 C.5.3 Antenna type, position and orientation . 29 C.6 Method of measuring narrow-band electromagnetic radiation from separate technical units (ESAs) . 30 C.6.1 General . 30 SIST EN 15194:2009
EN 15194:2009 (E) 3 C.6.2 Test conditions . 30 C.6.3 State of the ESA during the tests . 30 C.6.4 Antenna type, position and orientation . 30 C.7 Methods of testing the ESA immunity to electromagnetic radiation . 30 C.7.1 General . 30 C.7.2 Expression of results . 30 C.7.3 Test conditions . 30 C.7.4 State of the ESA during the tests . 30 C.7.5 Requisite test and condition . 31 C.7.6 Generation of the requisite field strength . 31 C.7.7 Inspection and monitoring equipment . 32 C.8 ESD test . 32 Annex D (informative)
Maximum power measurement - Alternative method . 33 D.1 Generalities . 33 D.2 Test conditions . 33 D.3 Test procedure . 33 Bibliography . 35
SIST EN 15194:2009
EN 15194:2009 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 15194:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 333 “Cycles”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 15194:2009
EN 15194:2009 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard gives requirements for electric power assisted cycles (EPAC).
This European Standard has been developed in response to demand throughout Europe. Its aim is to provide a standard for the assessment of electrically powered cycles of a type which are excluded from type approval by Directive 2002/24/EC. Due to the limitation of the voltage to 48 VDC, there are no special requirements applicable to the EPAC in regard to protection against electrical hazards.
EPACs are vehicles which use the same traffic areas as cars, lorries and motorcycles, which is predominantly the street. For this reason the products concerning EMC-testing have the same basic conditions. Chapter 8 of the EC Directive 97/24 contains a very high value concerning the immunity test of electronic components with 30 V/m, nevertheless based on the application area it comes up of the implementation. Manipulation of the electronic system of EPAC by other source of interference in the scope of the public road traffic could signify considerable risks of safety regulations for the user of EPAC. The standards EN 61000-6-1 as well as EN 61000-6-3 are standards for appliances in residential, commercial and light-industrial environments which do not reach the values for the EMC immunity-test necessary in the road traffic area. In these standards the EMC immunity of the electric and electronic systems will be tested only with 3 V/m, which is the tenth part of the requirements in chapter 8 of the EC Directive 97/24. These standards are unsuitable to obtain the urgent and necessary security level. SIST EN 15194:2009
EN 15194:2009 (E) 6
1 Scope This European Standard is intended to cover electrically power assisted cycles of a type which have a maximum continuous rated power of 0,25 kW, of which the output is progressively reduced and finally cut off as the vehicle reaches a speed of 25 km/h, or sooner, if the cyclist stops pedalling.
This European Standard specifies safety requirements and test methods for the assessment of the design and assembly of electrically power assisted bicycles and sub-assemblies for systems using battery voltage up to 48 VDC or integrated a battery charger with a 230 V input.
This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for engine power management systems, electrical circuits including the charging system for the assessment of the design and assembly of electrically power assisted cycles and sub-assemblies for systems having a voltage up to and including 48 VDC or integrated a battery charger with a 230 V input.
2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14764:2005, City and trekking bicycles – Safety requirements and test methods
EN 55014-1, Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements for household appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus – Part 1: Emission
EN 55014-2, Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements for household appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus – Part 2: Immunity product family standard EN 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines – Part 1: Rating and performance
EN 61000-3-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-2: Limits – Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current ≤ 16A per phase)
EN 61000-3-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-3: Limits – Section 3: Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage supply systems for equipment with rated current ≤ 16 A ISO 2575, Road vehicles – Symbols for controls, indicators and tell tales ISO 11451-1, Road vehicles – Vehicle test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy – Part 1: General principles and terminology ISO 11452-1, Road vehicles – Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy – Part 1: General principles and terminology ISO 11452-2, Road vehicles – Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy – Part 2: Absorber-lined shielded enclosure ISO 11452-3, Road vehicles – Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy – Part 3: Transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM) cell ISO 11452-4, Road vehicles – Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy – Part 4: Bulk current injection (BCI) SIST EN 15194:2009
EN 15194:2009 (E) 7 ISO 11452-5, Road vehicles – Component test methods for electrical disturbances from narrowband radiated electromagnetic energy – Part 5: Stripline IEC 60068-2-75:1998, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test Eh: Hammer tests IEC 60364-5-52:2001, Electrical installations of buildings – Part 5-52: Selection and erection of electrical equipment – Wiring systems IEC 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) CISPR 12, Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines – Radio disturbance characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of off-board receivers CISPR 25:2008, Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 cycle
vehicle that has at least two wheels and is propelled solely or mainly by the muscular energy of the person in that vehicle, in particular by means of pedals
3.2 bicycle two-wheeled cycle
3.3 fully assembled bicycle
bicycle fitted with all the components necessary for its intended use
3.4 electrically power assisted cycle (EPAC)
cycle, equipped with pedals and an auxiliary electric motor, which cannot be propelled exclusively by means of this auxiliary electric motor
3.5 no load current point
current for which there is no torque on the driving wheel
3.6 full discharge of the battery
point at which the battery does not deliver any power/energy to the motor, according to the manufacturer’s specifications
3.7 cut off speed
speed reached, by the EPAC, at the moment the current has dropped to zero or to the no load current value
3.8 maximum assisted speed by design
maximum design speed up to which assistance is provided
SIST EN 15194:2009
EN 15194:2009 (E) 8 3.9 electromagnetic compatibility
ability of a vehicle or one of its electrical/electronic systems to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbance to anything in that environment
3.10 electromagnetic disturbance electromagnetic phenomenon which may degrade the performance of a vehicle or one of its electronic/electrical systems NOTE An electromagnetic disturbance may be electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal or a change in the propagation medium itself.
3.11 electromagnetic immunity ability of a vehicle or one of its electronic/electrical systems to perform without degradation of its performance in the presence of specific electromagnetic disturbance
3.12 electromagnetic environment all electromagnetic phenomena present in a given situation
3.13
reference limit
nominal level to which both the component type-approval of the vehicle and the conformity-of-production limit value refer
3.14 reference antenna balanced half-wave dipole tuned to the measured frequency
3.15 wide-band emission emission which has a bandwidth exceeding that of a specific receiver or measuring instrument 3.16 narrow-band emission
emission which has a bandwidth less than that of a specific receiver or measuring instrument
3.17 electronic/electrical subassembly (ESA)
electronic and/or electrical component, or an assembly of components provided for installation into a vehicle, together with all electrical connections and associated wiring for the execution of several specific functions
3.18 ESA test test carried out on one or more specific ESAs 3.19 vehicle type with regard to electromagnetic compatibility vehicles that do not differ essentially in design and construction from the following aspect: general layout of the electronic and/or electrical components;
overall size, layout and shape of the engine mounting and the disposition of the high-voltage wiring (where present);
raw material from which both the vehicle chassis and bodywork are constructed (e.g., a chassis or body made of glass fibre, aluminium or steel)
SIST EN 15194:2009
EN 15194:2009 (E) 9 3.20 ESA type in relation to electromagnetic compatibility separate technical ESA unit that does not differ from other units in its essential design and construction aspects NOTE For example: the function performed by the ESA;
the general layout of the electronic and/or electrical components;
direct vehicle control performed by the rider acting on the steering, the brakes and the accelerator control.
3.21 rated voltage voltage declared by the manufacturer of the bicycle 3.22 continuous rated power continuous (or constant) output power specified by manufacturer, at which the motor reaches its thermal equilibrium at given ambient conditions NOTE Thermal equilibrium: temperatures of
motor parts do not vary more than 2K per hour. 3.23 brake lever cut-off switch device that cuts off the motor assistance while using the brake lever 3.24 integrated charger charger which is a part of the bicycle and needs tools to be disassembled from it 4 Requirements 4.1 General Electrically power-assisted bicycles shall comply with Clause 4, 5 and 6 of the European Standard EN 14764:2005 in addition to the specific requirements in Clause 4.2 of this standard. 4.2 EPAC specific additional requirements
4.2.1 Electric circuit The electrical control system shall be designed so that, should it malfunction in a hazardous manner, it shall switch off power to the electric motor.
If symbols are used, their meaning shall be described in the instructions for use. Their function is one described in ISO 2575, their design shall be in accordance to that standard. 4.2.2 Batteries
4.2.2.1 Requirements EPAC and pack of batteries shall be designed in order to avoid risk of fire, mechanical deterioration resulting from abnormal use. Compliance is checked by the test described in 4.2.2.2.
During the test the EPAC and the batteries shall not emit flames, molten metal or poisonous ignitable gas in hazardous amounts and any enclosure shall show no damage that could impair compliance with this European Standard. SIST EN 15194:2009
EN 15194:2009 (E) 10 Safety and compatibility of the combination battery/charger combination shall be ensured, according to the manufacturer's specifications. The battery terminals shall be protected against creating an accidental short circuit. Care shall be taken to ensure that the batteries are protected against overcharging. An appropriate overheating and short circuit protection device shall be fitted.
NOTE Indication and example of solutions are given in Annex A. Batteries and the charger unit shall be labelled in order to be able to check their compatibility. 4.2.2.2 Test method 1) Battery terminals are short-circuited with the batteries in a fully charged condition. 2) Motor terminals are short-circuited; all commands are in ON position, whilst the batteries are fully charged. 3) The EPAC is operated with the electric motor or drive system locked up so as to fully discharge the battery or until the system stops. 4) The battery is charged for double the recommended charging period or for 24 hours depending upon which is the longest period.
4.2.3 Electric cables and connections
4.2.3.1 Requirements Cable and plug temperature shall be lower than that specified by the manufacturer of the cables and plugs. There shall be no corrosion on plug pins and no damage to cable and plug insulation. 4.2.3.2 Test method Discharge the fully charged EPAC battery to the discharging limit specified by the EPAC or ESA manufacturer at the maximum current allowable by the system and record it, giving consideration to the electric motor and/or the controller and/or the battery controller. Measure the cable and plug temperatures and ensure, by examination, that there is no deterioration of the insulation on either assembly. 4.2.3.3 Wiring a) Wire ways shall be smooth and free from sharp edges.
b) Wires shall be protected so that they do not come into contact with burrs, cooling fins or similar sharp edges that may cause damage to their insulation. Holes in metal through which insulated wires pass shall have smooth well-rounded surfaces or be provided with bushings.
c) Wiring shall be effectively prevented from coming into contact with moving parts.
Separate parts of the EPAC that can move in normal use or during user maintenance relative to each other, shall not cause undue stress to electrical connections and internal conductors, including those providing earthing continuity.
Compliance with a), b), c) shall be checked by inspection.
d) If an open coil spring is used, it shall be correctly installed and insulated. Flexible metallic tubes shall not cause damage to the insulation of the conductors contained within them.
SIST EN 15194:2009
EN 15194:2009 (E) 11 Compliance with d) shall be checked by inspection and by the following test method.
If flexing occurs in normal use, the appliance is placed in its normal operational position and is supplied at rated voltage under normal operation.
e) The movable part is moved backwards and forwards, so that the conductor is flexed through the largest angle permitted by its construction.
For conductors that are flexed in normal use, flex movable part for 10 000 cycles at a test frequency of 0,5 Hz.
For conductors that are flexed during user maintenance, flex the movable part for 100 cycles at the same frequency at (20 ± 5) °C.
The wiring and its connections shall withstand the electrical strength test. The test voltage expressed in V shall be equal to)2500(Vr×+ for 2 min and applied between live parts and other metal parts only.
NOTE Vr is the rated voltage. f) The insulation of internal wiring shall withstand the electrical stress likely to occur in normal use.
g) In case of integrated battery charger, electric safety of battery charger applies. 4.2.3.4 Power cables and conduits Conduit entries, cable entries and knock-outs shall be constructed or located so that the introduction of the conduit or cable does not reduce the protection measures adopted by the manufacturer.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
NOTE Power cables selection should be made referring to IEC 60364-5-52:2001, Clauses 522.1.2, 523.1523.3 and Table A 52-10. 4.2.3.5 External and internal electrical connections Electrical connection shall comply with IEC 60364-5-52:2001, Clauses 526.1 and 526.2. 4.2.3.6 Moisture resistance The EPAC are subjected to the test of IEC 60529 as follows: IPX4 appliances as described in Clause 14.2.4.a. 4.2.3.7 Mechanical strength EPAC shall have adequate mechanical strength and be constructed to withstand such rough handling that may be expected in normal use. Compliance is checked by:
applying impacts to the battery pack mounted on the EPAC by means of the spring hammer as specified in IEC 60068-2-75. The battery pack is rigidly supported and three impacts are applied to every point of the enclosure that is likely to be weak with an impact energy of (0,7 ± 0,05) J. After the test the battery pack shall show no damage that could impair compliance with this European Standard; detachable battery packs are submitted to free fall at a height of 0,90 meter in three different positions. After the test the battery pack shall show no damage that could lead to emission of dangerous substances (gas or liquid) ignition, fire or overheating. NOTE It is recalled to the attention that batteries had to fulfil all relevant tests to ensure safety. SIST EN 15194:2009
EN 15194:2009 (E) 12 4.2.4 Power management 4.2.4.1 Requirements
When tested by the method described in 4.2.4.2 the recordings shall show that:
a) assistance shall be provided only when the cyclist pedals forward. This requirement has to be checked according to the test methods described in 4.2.4.2.2 a); b) assistance shall be cut off when the cyclist stops pedalling forward such that the cut off distance does not
exceed 5 m with the use of brake lever cut off switch or 2 m without the use of brake lever cut off switch. This requirement has to be checked according to the test methods described in 4.2.4.2.2 b); c) the output or assistance shall be progressively reduced (see Annex B) and finally cut off as the vehicle reaches the maximum assistance speed as designed. This requirement has to be checked according to the test methods described in 4.2.4.2; d) the assistance shall be progressively and smoothly managed. 4.2.4.2 Test method – Electric motor management 4.2.4.2.1 Test conditions a) The test may be performed either on a test track, a test bench or on a stand which keeps the motor driven wheel free of the ground.
b) The test track shall be according to EN 14764:2005, Clause 4.6.8.5.1.1. c) The time-measuring device shall have an accuracy of ± 2%. d) The ambi
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