SIST ISO 18913:2014
Imaging materials - Permanence - Vocabulary
Imaging materials - Permanence - Vocabulary
ISO 18913:2012 establishes a vocabulary of terms and definitions used in relation to the permanence of imaging materials, related storage materials and digital storage media.
Matériaux pour image - Permanence - Vocabulaire
Upodobitveni materiali - Obstojnost - Pojmovnik
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2014
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 18913:2011
Upodobitveni materiali - Obstojnost - Pojmovnik
Imaging materials - Permanence - Vocabulary
Matériaux pour image - Permanence - Vocabulaire
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 18913:2012
ICS:
01.040.37 Slikovna tehnologija (Slovarji) Image technology
(Vocabularies)
37.040.20 )RWRJUDIVNLSDSLUILOPLLQ Photographic paper, films
IRWRJUDIVNHSORãþH)LOPVNL and cartridges
]YLWNL
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18913
Second edition
2012-06-01
Imaging materials — Permanence —
Vocabulary
Matériaux pour image — Permanence — Vocabulaire
Reference number
©
ISO 2012
© ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Bibliography . 22
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18913 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18913:2003), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This International Standard is one of a series dealing with the physical properties and stability of imaging
materials.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18913:2012(E)
Imaging materials — Permanence — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This International Standard establishes a vocabulary of terms and definitions used in relation to the
permanence of imaging materials, related storage materials and digital storage media.
In most cases these terms and definitions are generic and are applicable to the entire imaging industry. For
terms and definitions specific to particular applications, industry standards are applicable. However, in some
cases the definition of a term is still evolving and/or is used by different user groups in different ways. In these
cases, a definition related to permanence of imaging materials work is given and a note to this effect is
included.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5-3, Photography and graphic technology— Density measurements — Part 3: Spectral conditions
ISO 10716, Paper board — Determination of alkali reserve
ISO 14644-1, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments — Part 1: Classification of air cleanliness
by particle concentration
ISO 18902, Imaging materials — Processed imaging materials — Albums, framing and storage materials
ISO 18906, Imaging materials — Photographic films — Specifications for safety film
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
abrasion
wearing away of a surface by friction as a result of rubbing
3.2
absolute humidity
mass of water vapour per unit volume of air
3.3
accelerated ageing
changes in the characteristics of an image-bearing material that occur when one or more of the environmental
factors (such as temperature, light, or air pollutants) is intentionally increased above that found in typical use
or storage conditions, usually to induce change in a shorter period of time
NOTE This is done in order to predict the behaviour of a product under typical storage or display conditions.
3.4
accuracy
closeness of the agreement between the result of a measurement and a true value of the measurement
NOTE 1 Accuracy is a qualitative concept.
NOTE 2 The term precision should not be used for accuracy.
3.5
acid-free adhesive
mounting adhesive with a cold extraction pH between 7,0 ± 0,2 and 9,5 ± 0,2, as stipulated in ISO 18902
3.6
acid-free paper or paperboard
paper or paperboard with a cold extraction pH between 7,0 ± 0,2 and 9,5 ± 0,2 that is produced in an acid-free
process and sized in a neutral or alkaline manner, as stipulated in ISO 18902
3.7
album
binder or book structure having front and back covers (usually opaque and rigid) in which pages are bound
along one edge either by plastic straps, gluing, sewing, metal posts or rings
3.8
albumen plate
glass sheet bearing a silver halide/albumen layer which yields a visible image after exposure and processing
3.9
ambient conditions
working environment
NOTE For preservation purposes these may or may not be the same as the storage environment.
3.10
ambrotype plate
glass plate collodion positive, i.e. glass sheet bearing a thin silver halide/cellulose nitrate layer which yields a
visible image after exposure and processing
NOTE The processed negative silver image appears as a positive when backed by a dark field.
3.11
anti-blocking agent
component of a material that provides microscopic bumps on the surface in order to lower contact area,
reduce the coefficient of friction and minimize ferrotyping, blocking and the occurrence of Newton's rings
EXAMPLE Talc, silicates or matte beads.
3.12
aperture card
card of standard dimensions with one or more openings into which a microfilm frame or frames can be
mounted or inserted
3.13
aperture window
opening in the flange that is used to facilitate threading of magnetic tape on the hub and inspection of the wind
3.14
archival (deprecated)
material that can be expected to preserve images forever, so that such images can be retrieved without
significant loss when properly stored
NOTE As no such material exists, this is a deprecated term and as such is not to be used in International Standards
for imaging materials or in systems specifications.
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
3.15
Arrhenius plot
plot of the logarithm of the time for a given change in a characteristic proportional to the reaction rate (dye loss,
tensile strength change, D yellowing, etc.) versus the reciprocal of the temperature expressed in Kelvin
min
NOTE The Arrhenius plot can be used to predict behaviour at a temperature lower than that at which a test is run, as
[1]
described in ISO 18924 .
3.16
base
support in a recording material on which the image receiving/recording layers or magnetic layer (and, if
necessary, the back layer) are coated
3.17
baseline
condition representing a hard copy system (print, optical disc, etc.) at time of manufacture
NOTE This is customarily the initial parameter measurement taken prior to any application of stress. The designation
is usually t = 0 for a stress time equal to zero hours.
3.18
blister
localized delamination of a multilayer assembly that looks like a bubble
3.19
Block Error Rate
BLER
ratio of erroneous blocks to total blocks on an optical disc measured at the input of the first (C1) decoder
(before any error correction is applied)
NOTE The more commonly reported value for BLER is the number of erroneous blocks per second measured at the
input of the C1-decoder during playback at the standard (1X) data rate.
3.20
blocking
sticking together of similar or dissimilar materials in physical contact
cf. anti-blocking agent (3.11)
3.21
blue print
defect resulting from a drastic reduction in the light stability of the yellow dye in a chromogenic print
NOTE A common cause is when a print has been lacquered in a very humid environment or was not thoroughly dried
before lacquering.
3.22
brittleness
property of a material that causes it to crack or break when bent or flexed
3.23
buffered
paper or paperboard with alkali reserve (as defined in ISO 10716) that is equivalent to at least 2,0 % mass
fraction calcium carbonate (CaCO )
3.24
can
metal or plastic container for a roll of recording material, such as photographic film or magnetic tape
3.25
carrier
medium upon which information is recorded
cf. medium (3.114)
3.26
carton or box
outer container that can hold one or more individual units and which may be a fabrication of paper, card stock
or plastic
3.27
cartridge
housing for a roll of recording material, such as photographic film or magnetic tape, wound on a single hub or
reel
cf. cassette (3.28)
NOTE The term cartridge is also used in some cases to describe an ink container.
3.28
cassette
housing for a roll of recording material, such as photographic film or magnetic tape, whose ends are attached
to two hubs or reels
cf. cartridge (3.27)
3.29
CD-ROM
compact disc read only medium
optical disc to which information is transferred during manufacture to certain areas in the compact disc format
NOTE The information can be read many times.
3.30
CD-RW
compact disc rewritable
recordable optical disc in which information can be recorded to certain areas in the compact disc format
NOTE The information can be erased and rerecorded many times.
3.31
cellulose-acetate base
base for recording materials composed mainly of cellulose esters of acetic acid
3.32
cellulose-ester base
base for recording materials composed mainly of cellulose esters of acetic, propionic or butyric acid, or
mixtures thereof
3.33
class 100 000 clean room
controlled environment in which the level of airborne contaminates meets the requirements of ISO 14644-1
3.34
collodion plate
collodion wet plate
collodion dry plate
glass sheet bearing a thin silver halide/cellulose nitrate layer which yields a visible image after exposure and
processing
4 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
3.35
colour screen plate
glass sheet bearing a colour screen consisting of dyed elements in contact with a silver halide/gelatine layer
which yields a visible image after exposure and processing
3.36
compact disc
CD
CD-ROM optical disc format on which the information layer is located at one surface of a substrate and the
data can be read by an optical beam
NOTE Described in IEC 60908.
3.37
compact disc-recordable
CD-R
recordable optical disc in which information can be recorded to certain areas in compact disc format
NOTE 1 Information can be recorded one time and read many times.
NOTE 2 The term "compact disc-write once" (CD-WO) has also been used to describe this type of disc.
3.38
conditioning
exposure of a specimen to air at a given relative humidity and temperature until equilibrium is reached
3.39
conservation
examination and analysis, documentation and treatment of library or archive materials, artwork or objects to
stabilize them chemically or strengthen them physically, prolonging their life in the original form
3.40
container
box, can or carton used for storage and shipping of recording materials
EXAMPLE The box into which a reel, cassette, cartridge, disc or shell is placed.
NOTE Reels, cassettes, cartridges or shells are not containers.
3.41
copy
reproduction of the information from a master
3.42
core
metal or plastic cylinder on which recording material is wound
cf. hub (3.84)
3.43
crazing
network of fine cracks on the surface of a print or film usually the result of environmenta
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18913
Second edition
2012-06-01
Imaging materials — Permanence —
Vocabulary
Matériaux pour image — Permanence — Vocabulaire
Reference number
©
ISO 2012
© ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Bibliography . 22
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18913 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18913:2003), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This International Standard is one of a series dealing with the physical properties and stability of imaging
materials.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18913:2012(E)
Imaging materials — Permanence — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This International Standard establishes a vocabulary of terms and definitions used in relation to the
permanence of imaging materials, related storage materials and digital storage media.
In most cases these terms and definitions are generic and are applicable to the entire imaging industry. For
terms and definitions specific to particular applications, industry standards are applicable. However, in some
cases the definition of a term is still evolving and/or is used by different user groups in different ways. In these
cases, a definition related to permanence of imaging materials work is given and a note to this effect is
included.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5-3, Photography and graphic technology— Density measurements — Part 3: Spectral conditions
ISO 10716, Paper board — Determination of alkali reserve
ISO 14644-1, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments — Part 1: Classification of air cleanliness
by particle concentration
ISO 18902, Imaging materials — Processed imaging materials — Albums, framing and storage materials
ISO 18906, Imaging materials — Photographic films — Specifications for safety film
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
abrasion
wearing away of a surface by friction as a result of rubbing
3.2
absolute humidity
mass of water vapour per unit volume of air
3.3
accelerated ageing
changes in the characteristics of an image-bearing material that occur when one or more of the environmental
factors (such as temperature, light, or air pollutants) is intentionally increased above that found in typical use
or storage conditions, usually to induce change in a shorter period of time
NOTE This is done in order to predict the behaviour of a product under typical storage or display conditions.
3.4
accuracy
closeness of the agreement between the result of a measurement and a true value of the measurement
NOTE 1 Accuracy is a qualitative concept.
NOTE 2 The term precision should not be used for accuracy.
3.5
acid-free adhesive
mounting adhesive with a cold extraction pH between 7,0 ± 0,2 and 9,5 ± 0,2, as stipulated in ISO 18902
3.6
acid-free paper or paperboard
paper or paperboard with a cold extraction pH between 7,0 ± 0,2 and 9,5 ± 0,2 that is produced in an acid-free
process and sized in a neutral or alkaline manner, as stipulated in ISO 18902
3.7
album
binder or book structure having front and back covers (usually opaque and rigid) in which pages are bound
along one edge either by plastic straps, gluing, sewing, metal posts or rings
3.8
albumen plate
glass sheet bearing a silver halide/albumen layer which yields a visible image after exposure and processing
3.9
ambient conditions
working environment
NOTE For preservation purposes these may or may not be the same as the storage environment.
3.10
ambrotype plate
glass plate collodion positive, i.e. glass sheet bearing a thin silver halide/cellulose nitrate layer which yields a
visible image after exposure and processing
NOTE The processed negative silver image appears as a positive when backed by a dark field.
3.11
anti-blocking agent
component of a material that provides microscopic bumps on the surface in order to lower contact area,
reduce the coefficient of friction and minimize ferrotyping, blocking and the occurrence of Newton's rings
EXAMPLE Talc, silicates or matte beads.
3.12
aperture card
card of standard dimensions with one or more openings into which a microfilm frame or frames can be
mounted or inserted
3.13
aperture window
opening in the flange that is used to facilitate threading of magnetic tape on the hub and inspection of the wind
3.14
archival (deprecated)
material that can be expected to preserve images forever, so that such images can be retrieved without
significant loss when properly stored
NOTE As no such material exists, this is a deprecated term and as such is not to be used in International Standards
for imaging materials or in systems specifications.
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
3.15
Arrhenius plot
plot of the logarithm of the time for a given change in a characteristic proportional to the reaction rate (dye loss,
tensile strength change, D yellowing, etc.) versus the reciprocal of the temperature expressed in Kelvin
min
NOTE The Arrhenius plot can be used to predict behaviour at a temperature lower than that at which a test is run, as
[1]
described in ISO 18924 .
3.16
base
support in a recording material on which the image receiving/recording layers or magnetic layer (and, if
necessary, the back layer) are coated
3.17
baseline
condition representing a hard copy system (print, optical disc, etc.) at time of manufacture
NOTE This is customarily the initial parameter measurement taken prior to any application of stress. The designation
is usually t = 0 for a stress time equal to zero hours.
3.18
blister
localized delamination of a multilayer assembly that looks like a bubble
3.19
Block Error Rate
BLER
ratio of erroneous blocks to total blocks on an optical disc measured at the input of the first (C1) decoder
(before any error correction is applied)
NOTE The more commonly reported value for BLER is the number of erroneous blocks per second measured at the
input of the C1-decoder during playback at the standard (1X) data rate.
3.20
blocking
sticking together of similar or dissimilar materials in physical contact
cf. anti-blocking agent (3.11)
3.21
blue print
defect resulting from a drastic reduction in the light stability of the yellow dye in a chromogenic print
NOTE A common cause is when a print has been lacquered in a very humid environment or was not thoroughly dried
before lacquering.
3.22
brittleness
property of a material that causes it to crack or break when bent or flexed
3.23
buffered
paper or paperboard with alkali reserve (as defined in ISO 10716) that is equivalent to at least 2,0 % mass
fraction calcium carbonate (CaCO )
3.24
can
metal or plastic container for a roll of recording material, such as photographic film or magnetic tape
3.25
carrier
medium upon which information is recorded
cf. medium (3.114)
3.26
carton or box
outer container that can hold one or more individual units and which may be a fabrication of paper, card stock
or plastic
3.27
cartridge
housing for a roll of recording material, such as photographic film or magnetic tape, wound on a single hub or
reel
cf. cassette (3.28)
NOTE The term cartridge is also used in some cases to describe an ink container.
3.28
cassette
housing for a roll of recording material, such as photographic film or magnetic tape, whose ends are attached
to two hubs or reels
cf. cartridge (3.27)
3.29
CD-ROM
compact disc read only medium
optical disc to which information is transferred during manufacture to certain areas in the compact disc format
NOTE The information can be read many times.
3.30
CD-RW
compact disc rewritable
recordable optical disc in which information can be recorded to certain areas in the compact disc format
NOTE The information can be erased and rerecorded many times.
3.31
cellulose-acetate base
base for recording materials composed mainly of cellulose esters of acetic acid
3.32
cellulose-ester base
base for recording materials composed mainly of cellulose esters of acetic, propionic or butyric acid, or
mixtures thereof
3.33
class 100 000 clean room
controlled environment in which the level of airborne contaminates meets the requirements of ISO 14644-1
3.34
collodion plate
collodion wet plate
collodion dry plate
glass sheet bearing a thin silver halide/cellulose nitrate layer which yields a visible image after exposure and
processing
4 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
3.35
colour screen plate
glass sheet bearing a colour screen consisting of dyed elements in contact with a silver halide/gelatine layer
which yields a visible image after exposure and processing
3.36
compact disc
CD
CD-ROM optical disc format on which the information layer is located at one surface of a substrate and the
data can be read by an optical beam
NOTE Described in IEC 60908.
3.37
compact disc-recordable
CD-R
recordable optical disc in which information can be recorded to certain areas in compact disc format
NOTE 1 Information can be recorded one time and read many times.
NOTE 2 The term "compact disc-write once" (CD-WO) has also been used to describe this type of disc.
3.38
conditioning
exposure of a specimen to air at a given relative humidity and temperature until equilibrium is reached
3.39
conservation
examination and analysis, documentation and treatment of library or archive materials, artwork or objects to
stabilize them chemically or strengthen them physically, prolonging their life in the original form
3.40
container
box, can or carton used for storage and shipping of recording materials
EXAMPLE The box into which a reel, cassette, cartridge, disc or shell is placed.
NOTE Reels, cassettes, cartridges or shells are not containers.
3.41
copy
reproduction of the information from a master
3.42
core
metal or plastic cylinder on which recording material is wound
cf. hub (3.84)
3.43
crazing
network of fine cracks on the surface of a print or film usually the result of environmental stresses on the
surface layer
3.44
cupping
departure of film or paper from physical flatness characterized by the condition where the four corners of a
rectangular sheet turn up but the edges do not
3.45
curl
departure of film, paper or magnetic tape from physical flatness with the tendency to curve into a cylindrical
shape
3.46
cyan spots
defect that results when the ultraviolet absorber in an older technology chromogenic print crystallizes and
permits the back-scattering of light
3.47
dark stability
ability of a print, negative or transparency to resist fading or staining to ambient environmental factors in the
absence of light
3.48
daylight filter
optical filter or combination of filters that modifies the spectral power distribution of a light source to better
represent some defined daylight spectrum
3.49
delamination
separation of a laminate into its constituent layers
3.50
dew point
tem
...
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