SIST EN 14067-2:2004
(Main)Railway applications - Aerodynamics - Part 2: Aerodynamics on open track
Railway applications - Aerodynamics - Part 2: Aerodynamics on open track
This European Standard describes physical phenomena of railway-specific aerodynamics and gives recommendations for the documentation of tests.
Bahnanwendungen - Aerodynamik - Teil 2: Aerodynamik auf offener Strecke
Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt physikalische Vorgänge der eisenbahnspezifischen Aerodynamik und gibt Empfehlungen für die Beschreibung von Prüfungen.
Applications ferroviaires - Aérodynamique - Partie 2: Aérodynamique a l'air libre
La présente Norme européenne décrit des phénomenes physiques de l'aérodynamique ferroviaire et donne des recommandations pour la documentation des essais.
Železniške naprave – Aerodinamika – 2. del: Aerodinamika na odprti progi
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Železniške naprave – Aerodinamika – 2. del: Aerodinamika na odprti progiBahnanwendungen - Aerodynamik - Teil 2: Aerodynamik auf offener StreckeApplications ferroviaires - Aérodynamique - Partie 2: Aérodynamique a l'air libreRailway applications - Aerodynamics - Part 2: Aerodynamics on open track45.060.01Železniška vozila na splošnoRailway rolling stock in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14067-2:2003SIST EN 14067-2:2004en01-marec-2004SIST EN 14067-2:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 14067-2:2004
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14067-2April 2003ICS 45.060.01English versionRailway applications - Aerodynamics - Part 2: Aerodynamics onopen trackApplications ferroviaires - Aérodynamique - Partie 2:Aérodynamique à l'air libreBahnanwendungen - Aerodynamik - Teil 2: Aerodynamikauf offener StreckeThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 January 2003.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14067-2:2003 ESIST EN 14067-2:2004
EN 14067-2:2003 (E)2ContentsForeword.31Scope.32Normative references.33Aerodynamic resistance.43.1General.43.2Resistance to motion formula.44Aerodynamic effects of a train on persons and installations near the track.44.1General.44.2Flow field.54.3Pressure changes on a wall.54.4Air velocities caused by train passing.74.5Forces on objects and people.85Aerodynamic effects of crossing trains in the open air.95.1General.95.2Pressure changes on the side of a train.95.3Procedure for measurement and investigation.105.4Implications.106Cross wind effects.106.1General.106.2Wind field.106.3Aerodynamic rolling moment.106.4Stability boundary for the operation of the vehicle.117Assessment of test and simulation methods.127.1General.127.2Wind tunnel tests.127.3Moving model tests.147.4Full scale tests.157.5Computational fluid dynamics (CFD).16Bibliography.18SIST EN 14067-2:2004
EN 14067-2:2003 (E)3ForewordThis document EN 14067-2:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 256, "Railwayapplications", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by October 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latestby October 2003.This European Standard is part of the series ”Railway applications — Aerodynamics” which consists of thefollowing parts:¾ Part 1: Symbols and units¾ Part 2: Aerodynamics on open track¾ Part 3: Aerodynamics in tunnels¾ Part 4: Requirements and test procedures for aerodynamics on open track1)¾ Part 5: Requirements and test procedures for aerodynamics in tunnels1)This document includes a Bibliography.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard : Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.1 ScopeThis European Standard describes physical phenomena of railway-specific aerodynamics and givesrecommendations for the documentation of tests.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 12663:2000, Railway applications — Structural requirements of railway vehicle bodies.
1)in preparationSIST EN 14067-2:2004
EN 14067-2:2003 (E)43 Aerodynamic resistance3.1 GeneralLocomotive manufacturers need to know the resistance to motion of trains to install the optimum power in theirlocomotives. Railway companies need it to calculate their time schedules and their energy needs, as well as todetermine the type and/or number of Iocomotives that are necessary for a particular train consist, and to assist inequipment purchase decisions.Although the drag of trains is normally the main component of their resistance to motion, it is difficult to dissociatefrom the other components, so that in this part non-aerodynamic terms will have to be considered too.The resistance to motion is expressed in a standard formula which is applicable to all types of trains. Moreover, themethods of measurement used to obtain the resistance to motion of a train leading to a corresponding formula aredefined and explained in prEN (WI 00256127).3.2 Resistance to motion formulaFor straight and level track, zero wind conditions, in open air and at constant speed, the running resistance is:2tr3tr21vCvCCR++=(1)where C1, C2, C3 are constants for a particular train, and the last two terms are the aerodynamic components.Although this formula only takes into account the first three terms of a mathematical series with which the totalresistance should be represented, experience has shown that the higher terms may be neglected, while soundphysical explanations can be given for these remaining terms.C1 is the rolling mechanical resistance. It is a linear function of the mass of the train.C2vtr represents mainly the air momentum losses due to cooling air for the locomotives and the air conditioning ofthe trailer cars. C2 = Qr where Q is the total air volume flow for forced ventilation.The third term embodies train external pressure drag and skin friction drag.2trx3rSCC=(2)CX is divided into three terms:3x2x1xCCCCx++=(3)where CX1 is the drag coefficient of the leading vehicle, CX3 is the drag coefficient of the tail vehicle, and CX2 is thecoefficient of the train drag without the leading and tail vehicle drag and depends on train length.Ambient wind can substantially alter aerodynamic drag (see prEN (WI 00256127)). The influence of tunnels is dealtwith in EN 14067-3 and prEN (WI 00256128).4 Aerodynamic effects of a train on persons and installations near the track4.1 GeneralA moving train causes an unsteady flow field with varying pressures and flow velocities. These pressure and flowvelocity transients have effects on persons, objects and buildings at the track side.SIST EN 14067-2:2004
EN 14067-2:2003 (E)54.2 Flow fieldThe extent of disturbed air alongside a train moving in the open-air depends on the wind conditions as shown inFigure 1 and Figure 2.Key1 Disturbed fieldFigure 1 — Field disturbed by train in still airKey1 Disturbed field2 Ambient windFigure 2 — Field disturbed by train in cross-wind4.3 Pressure changes on a wallThe pressure field on a wall parallel to the moving train in the open air is shown in Figure 3.Key1 Wall2 TrainFigure 3 — Instantaneous pressure distribution on a vertical wall caused by train passingThe pressure field sweeps along with the train, and therefore at a stationary point at the side of the track, thepressure p will change with time as the train passes by in a similar way to the variation with position along thelength of the train.SIST EN 14067-2:2004
EN 14067-2:2003 (E)6The most severe variation of pressure is usually caused by the passage of the train head and is of the form shownin Figure 4.Figure 4 — Train head passing pressure pulseAs the train passes, the static pressure at the wall rises to a positive peak and drops rapidly to a negative peak.The most important parameter is the amplitude or more specifically the peak-to-peak pressure of the pressurepulse. It is related to the nose shape and is generally less for a longer smooth shape than for a bluff sharp-edgedshape. The time between the pressure peaks DDt can be related to the time for the length Ln of the train nose topass.trnvLt»D(4)A lower amplitude pulse occurs as the rear of the train passes, but the order
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.