Guidelines for an integrated approach of building retrofitting projects based on enhanced shallow geothermal technologies

This CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA) provides orientation for the management of building retrofitting projects based on enhanced shallow geothermal technologies.
This document provides guidelines for the classification of an integrated design team and the identification of the primary roles of actors among the whole project life-cycle. This document also provides a general workflow for building retrofitting projects based on enhanced shallow geothermal technologies, to be adapted or modified considering the specificities of each project requirements, and site characteristics, and stakeholder profiles involved in the process.
This CWA is not designed to support European legislative requirements or to address issues with significant health and safety implications. CEN and CENELEC are not accountable for its technical content or any possible conflict with national standards or legislation.

Planungs- und Installationsrichtlinien für ein Gebäudesanierungskonzept auf Basis von EGS (Enhanced Geothermal Systems)

Smernice za celostni pristop k projektom prenove stavb na podlagi izboljšanih plitvih geotermalnih tehnologij

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Nov-2022
Technical Committee
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
08-Nov-2022
Due Date
13-Jan-2023
Completion Date
15-Nov-2022

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST CWA 17941:2022
01-december-2022
Smernice za celostni pristop k projektom prenove stavb na podlagi izboljšanih
plitvih geotermalnih tehnologij

Guidelines for an integrated approach of building retrofitting projects based on enhanced

shallow geothermal technologies

Planungs- und Installationsrichtlinien für ein Gebäudesanierungskonzept auf Basis von

EGS (Enhanced Geothermal Systems)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CWA 17941:2022
ICS:
27.190 Biološki viri in drugi Biological sources and
alternativni viri energije alternative sources of energy
91.140.10 Sistemi centralnega Central heating systems
ogrevanja
SIST CWA 17941:2022 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST CWA 17941:2022
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SIST CWA 17941:2022
CEN
CWA 17941
WORKSHOP
October 2022
AGREEMENT
ICS 27.190; 91.140.10
English version
Guidelines for an integrated approach of building
retrofitting projects based on enhanced shallow
geothermal technologies

This CEN Workshop Agreement has been drafted and approved by a Workshop of representatives of interested parties, the

constitution of which is indicated in the foreword of this Workshop Agreement.

The formal process followed by the Workshop in the development of this Workshop Agreement has been endorsed by the

National Members of CEN but neither the National Members of CEN nor the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre can be held

accountable for the technical content of this CEN Workshop Agreement or possible conflicts with standards or legislation.

This CEN Workshop Agreement can in no way be held as being an official standard developed by CEN and its Members.

This CEN Workshop Agreement is publicly available as a reference document from the CEN Members National Standard Bodies.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,

Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North

Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No.:CWA 17941:2022 E
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Contents Page

Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 4

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 7

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 7

3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations .................................................................................................... 7

4 Steps for an integrated approach .............................................................................................................. 8

4.1 Building the integrated project design team ........................................................................................ 8

4.1.1 Clients .................................................................................................................................................................. 9

4.1.2 Designers ......................................................................................................................................................... 10

4.1.3 Contractors ..................................................................................................................................................... 11

4.1.4 Managers ......................................................................................................................................................... 11

4.2 Defining main phases and identifying primary roles in the SGE building retrofitting

project .............................................................................................................................................................. 12

4.2.1 Project life-cycle phases ............................................................................................................................ 12

4.2.2 Primary roles of actors ............................................................................................................................... 13

4.3 Developing a collaborative workflow schedule ................................................................................ 23

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Foreword

This CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA 17941:2022) has been developed in accordance with the CEN-

CENELEC Guide 29 “CEN/CENELEC Workshop Agreements – A rapid way to standardization” and with

the relevant provisions of CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations - Part 2. It was approved by a Workshop

of representatives of interested parties on 2022-09-30, the constitution of which was supported by CEN

following the public call for participation made on 2022-02-25. However, this CEN Workshop Agreement

does not necessarily include all relevant stakeholders.

The final text of this CEN Workshop Agreement was provided to CEN for publication on 2022-10-04.

Results incorporated in this CWA received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research

and innovation programme under grant agreement No 792210.

The following organizations and individuals developed and approved this CEN Workshop Agreement:

• COMSA INSTALACIONES Y SISTEMAS INDUSTRIALES SA (Antonio Galindo Fernandez)
• FAHRENHEIT GMBH (Ursula Wittstadt)
• i.LECO NV (Adriaan Brebels)
• IDP INGENIERIA Y ARQUITECTURA IBERIA SLU (Mikel Borràs / Eduard Loscos)
• IDS GEORADAR SRL (Guido Manacorda)
• NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND GALWAY (Marcus M. Keane / Luis M. Blanes)
• NOBATEK INEF 4 (Romain Lhomer)
• R2M SOLUTION SRL (Marco Calderoni)
• SINDEQ BORRTEKNIK AB (Lasse Aman)

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some elements of this document may be subject to patent rights.

CEN-CENELEC policy on patent rights is described in CEN-CENELEC Guide 8 “Guidelines for

Implementation of the Common IPR Policy on Patent”. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying

any or all such patent rights.

Although the Workshop parties have made every effort to ensure the reliability and accuracy of technical

and nontechnical descriptions, the Workshop is not able to guarantee, explicitly or implicitly, the

correctness of this document. Anyone who applies this CEN Workshop Agreement shall be aware that

neither the Workshop, nor CEN, can be held liable for damages or losses of any kind whatsoever. The use

of this CEN Workshop Agreement does not relieve users of their responsibility for their own actions, and

they apply this document at their own risk. The CEN Workshop Agreement should not be construed as

legal advice authoritatively endorsed by CEN/CENELEC.
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Introduction

In Europe, the building sector is responsible for 40% of the total energy consumption and represents

about a third of Europe’s CO emissions. Heating and cooling accounts for 50% of annual energy

consumption in EU, making it the biggest energy end-use sector ahead of both transport and electricity ).

This is a huge socioeconomic and environmental problem, considering that roughly 75% of EU buildings

are not energy efficient , and that approximately 75% of heating and cooling is still generated from fossil

fuels . On this basis, buildings represent a large energy-savings potential, once renovated and upgraded,

if the heating and cooling sector sharply reduces its energy consumption and cuts its use of fossil fuels to

fulfil the EU’s climate and energy goals. However, today the annual renovation rate of the building stock

varies from just 0.4 to 1.2% in the Member States. According to the European Green Deal, this rate will

need to at least double to reach the EU’s energy efficiency and climate objectives.

Given the labour-intensive nature of the construction sector, which is largely dominated by local

businesses, building renovation plays a crucial role in European economic recovery especially following

the COVID-19 pandemic. To kick-start the recovery, the Commission has launched several initiatives to

further support the renovation of EU buildings .

To pursue this dual ambition of energy savings and economic growth, in 2020 the Commission published

a new strategy to boost energy-efficient building retrofitting called "A Renovation Wave for Europe –

Greening our buildings, creating jobs, improving lives". Also, the EU has established a legislative

framework (which includes the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2010/31/EU (EPBD) and the

Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU), providing direction to the future sustainable built

environment by supporting low carbon energy usage in buildings.

In this context, shallow geothermal energy (SGE) is a renewable energy source (RES) with large potential

to facilitate energy savings and GHG emissions reduction in the building sector and therefore help to

achieve all major objectives of the EU’s energy policy. Moreover, the main reference organisations - such

4) 5)

as ECTP and RHC-ETIP - have promoted and roadmapped the cost-effective integration of RES into

building technical systems. The development of effective and affordable enhanced geothermal systems

(EGSs) is crucial to exploit the EU geothermal potential as a major source of energy supply for heating

and cooling purposes, by targeting bottlenecks that hinder the full deployment of geothermal systems as

one of the key concepts in energy efficient building retrofitting.

This CWA is motivated by the main goals of the EU Horizon 2020 GEOFIT innovation project

(funded under grant agreement number 792210). It is meant to provide general management

guidelines for stakeholders involved in a building retrofit project based on SGE technologies.

The type of SGE building retrofit project which is addressed in this CWA focuses on the

technologies described below. However, it is necessary to consider that SGE building retrofitting

does not explicitly require the use of all these specific technologies.
) https://ec.europa.eu/energy/topics/energy-efficiency/heating-and-cooling

) https://ec.europa.eu/energy/topics/energy-efficiency/energy-efficient-buildings

) Eurostat 2019

) ECTP European Construction, built environment and energy efficient building Technology Platform

) RHC-ETIP European Technology and Innovation Platform on Renewable Heating and Cooling

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• Information and communication technologies (ICT) tools for ground research and worksite

monitoring: non-invasive and integrated techniques for ground research, worksite and building

monitoring.
The following innovative technologies can be considered:

— Monitoring tools capable of assessing the stability of buildings involved in retrofitting

operations, for example Ground Based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBInSAR).

— Radar interferometry enabling 3-D spatial measurements.
— Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), with automatic detection process.

— Interface between the GPR and Web Map Services (WMS) to download/upload the underground

asset maps before/after the survey.

— Building information modeling (BIM) integration of structural building monitoring tools during

drilling works.
— Drone monitoring.
• Drilling technologies: adapted to the context of SGE building retrofitting:
— Vertical drilling.

— Trenchless - horizontal directional drilling (HDD) techniques that enable the deployment of

horizontal loops like geothermal heat exchangers in this context.

• Geothermal/ground source heat exchangers (GHEX): with corresponding suitable configurations

for SGE building retrofitting and effective installation.
— Vertical borehole type heat exchangers.
— Earth basket and helical type heat exchangers.
— Shallow horizontal or slinky type heat exchangers.

• Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs): optimized for the use of geothermal heat and building

retrofit applications. As existing buildings are less flexible compared to new buildings, this issue must

be addressed explicitly.

— Hybrid (thermally and electrically driven) heat pump (HP) system for high temperature lifts

which integrates better with a smaller GHEX compared to conventional systems.

— Electrically driven HP system for high temperature lifts which integrates better with a normal

sized GHEX.

— Integration of other RES (e.g., photovoltaic and solar thermal) to increase the total RES share.

• Heating and cooling solutions for energy-efficient building retrofitting.

— Easy-to-install and efficient heating solutions, for example low-temperature heating (LTH)

technology suitable for GSHPs.
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— Easy-to-install and efficient cooling solutions, for example high-temperature cooling (HTC)

technology enables a high coefficient of performance (COP) of GSHPs used in building

retrofitting. The possibility to get cooling with direct use of the cold water in the bedrock can be

also considered, as a very energy efficient method where the only energy required is that

required to pump the liquid around.

• ICT based control systems and building energy management systems (BEMS) that enables the

full utilization of the EGS in retrofitted buildings by unlocking energy flexibility services using

demand side response techniques.
• BIM enabled tools for management of SGE building retrofitting.

Considering the interoperability of the aforementioned technologies, this document provides a

general methodological management framework using an Integrated Design and Delivery

Solutions (IDDS) approach for the SGE building retrofitting process, adaptable to project and site

specificities.

IDDS was launched in 2009 and developed as a new priority theme of the board of the worldwide CIB

organization (International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction or “Conseil

International du Bâtiment” in French). The CIB White Paper on IDDS defines it as “the use of

collaborative work processes and enhanced skills, with integrated data, information, and knowledge

management to minimize structural and process inefficiencies and to enhance the value delivered during

design, build, and operation, and across projects”.

This IDDS vision extends beyond new buildings to encompass modifications and upgrades, particularly

those aimed at improving local and area sustainability goals. IDDS will therefore facilitate greater

flexibility of design options, work packaging strategies and collaboration with suppliers and

tradespeople, which will be essential to meet evolving sustainability targets.

The four key IDDS elements are: collaborative processes across all project phases, enhanced skills of the

team, integrated information and automation systems, and knowledge management.

) Owen, R., Palmer, M., Dickinson, J.K., Tatum, B., Kazi, A.S., Amor, R., & Prins, M.M. (2009). CIB White Paper on IDDS

Integrated Design & Delivery Solutions [328].
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1 Scope

This CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA) provides orientation for the management of building retrofitting

projects based on enhanced shallow geothermal technologies.

This document provides guidelines for the classification of an integrated design team and the

identification of the primary roles of actors among the whole project life-cycle. This document also

provides a general workflow for building retrofitting projects based on enhanced shallow geothermal

technologies, to be adapted or modified considering the specificities of each project requirements, and

site characteristics, and stakeholder profiles involved in the process.

This CWA is not designed to support European legislative requirements or to address issues with

significant health and safety implications. CEN and CENELEC are not accountable for its technical content

or any possible conflict with national standards or legislation.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

 ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
 IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
BEMS Building energy management systems
BIM Building Information Modelling
BMS Building Management Systems
BPE Building performance evaluation
DHW Domestic Hot Water
EGS Enhanced Geothermal Systems
FEM Finite Element Method
GBInSAR Ground Based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
GHEX Ground Source Heat Exchanger
GPR Ground Penetrating Radar
GSHP Ground-Source Heat Pump
HP Heat Pump
HTC High-Temperature Cooling
HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
IDDS Integrated Design and Delivery Solutions
LTH Low-temperature Heating
RES Renewable Energy Source
SGE Shallow Geothermal Energy
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4 Steps for an integrated approach
4.1 General

Building retrofitting is a complex and holistic process in which decisions should be taken by considering

a large diversity of constraints, stakeholders, and specific objectives.

The integrated IDDS-based approach of a SGE building retrofitting project comprises three major aspects:

people, processes, and technologies. For implementing the integrated approach of the project, three main

steps should be followed (see Figure 1 for an explanatory scheme):

• Building the project’s integrated team: The first step is to clearly identify the project team and to

classify these actors according to their expertise and skills.

• Defining project phases and identifying primary roles of the team members: This step aims to

define the main phases of the project and to identify the team responsibilities for each phase.

• Developing a collaborative workflow schedule: This phase aims to integrate all involved actors to

develop the workflow and dataflow and to implement the BIM platform for the project site.

Figure 1 — Main steps for implementing the integrated approach of a SGE building retrofitting

project
4.2 Building the integrated project design team
4.2.1 General

To support an integrated project approach, a building retrofit project should comply with systems

associated with different kinds of users. The four main actor categories in an integrated project are (1)

clients, (2) designers, (3) contractors, and (4) managers. Each of these categories encompass different

types of actors. They should establish a high-level of collaboration with one another to pursue common

objectives.
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Within these four actor categories, those who should be considered at the earliest stage of a SGE building

retrofitting project are shown in Figure 2. A variety of views, scientific or technical approaches, objectives,

working methods, etc. are inherently present within a project. It is therefore necessary to define a

management framework in order to deal with this diversity, to keep focus on the essentials and to ensure

good communication between actors, to drive effective and collaborative work.

Figure 2 — Main categories and sub-categories of actors for a SGE building retrofitting project

4.2.2 Clients

In a SGE building retrofitting project, clients are broadly defined as the local stakeholders who are likely

to be directly or indirectly affected by the intervention (building occupants) and any individual or group

who may influence the management of the project. They can be for instance the building owners, the end

users, the building operators, or the facility managers. All these actor profiles could interact with the

building, its management and its systems after the project, and are therefore considered as clients using

the systems or services provided by the project.

Building owners: According to the Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) Guide (Richard Cook 2007),

building owners in particular take “an active role in evaluating and influencing design options”. In addition,

building owners may “participate to establish project metrics at an earlier stage than in a traditional

project” and will also “assist designers and constructors to solve issues”.

Building users: It is necessary to involve a representative of residents/building occupants/other

consumer-users of a building (or proxy thereof) who would be directly impacted by the retrofitting works

in terms of disturbance, comfort improvement, accessibility, aesthetics, etc. The local project partners

can facilitate the involvement of users and communicate relevant information to the project team. The

consultation should take into account both the likely lower technical knowledge of this group, and the

need for inclusive and accessible consultation processes.
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Building operators or facility managers: Essential in SGE building retrofitting projects is the

involvement of building operators or facility managers. Commissioning, monitoring and especially

maintenance are critical during the retrofitting, but also during the building operation and the post-

occupancy phases. During the construction, they can act as material suppliers. After commissioning, at

least one person responsible for the building maintenance should be designated and trained accordingly

or, instead, one operator and maintainer (O&M) should be outsourced.
4.2.3 Designers

Designers can be cost consultants, architects, specialised engineers (structural, mechanical, civil,

environmental design and energy efficient design, geotechnical, soil, geothermal), commissioning

agencies and other specialists (ecologist, daylighting, marketing expert, surveyor, R&D, consultant office)

who take part in the design. As IDDS is a collaborative process, clients and contractors are also involved

in the design, but they are not the appointed designers.

Regulatory specialists/facilitators: should be designated within the project team to facilitate

communication between clients and regulatory authorities. A partner with appropriate knowledge of

local regulation is recommended for this role, with support from geothermal and drilling specialists, local

engineers and planning consultants (the latter are necessary in some countries).

Quality auditors and commissioning authorities: should be designated within the project team to

oversee process quality and adequate documentation management. These actors should work in

collaboration with the rest of the technical partners.

Cost consultants: should be designated within the project team to ensure that the budgeted costs are

compliant with the market trends. This task is normally undertaken by the role of a quantity surveyor in

many countries.

Architects and designers: are typically not very involved in a SGE building retrofitting project. More

involvement would be required if major façade elements are to be considered, if internal layout of the

systems is of high importance, or if it’s a major large scale renovation project. Otherwise, the technical

equipment is normally concentrated in a technical room of the building, and the only visible part of the

installation could be the distribution piping and the heat emitters, which are under the responsibility of

the building owners. On the other hand, the drilling activities and the installation of undergrounded heat

exchangers could affect the surrounding visual appearance. The aesthetic issues should be discussed with

the building owners and occupants.

Specialised engineers: the design team of a SGE building retrofitting project should include the

following specialised engineers:
— Ground specialists for ground detection, drilling and excavation works.

These specialists are required for surveying and producing utility maps for private engineering

companies, DOT and municipalities. The identification of underground utilities should include: the

collection of all information in the project area, the application for the intervention authorization

from the local municipality, the execution of the data collection on site, the analysis of the collected

data and localisation of features, the drafting of a report (including properly formatted computer-

aided design drawings), the execution of a field cross check to compare the achieved output

(cartography map) with real time radar data (if required), and the final delivery the project to the

client.

They are also required to measure possible displacement of the building/structures close to the area

where excavation will occur.

Within this actor category, rig designers and producers can be also considered for the rig and

ancillary equipment selection to get the optimal tool material and tool geometry.

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— Specialists of ground heat exchangers design for shallow geothermal systems.

— Specialists of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) facility design and sizing: geothermal

HPs, heat storage, hydronics, emitters…
— Specialists of control strategies and monitoring systems.

Control engineers or building management systems (BMS) integrators are required for controlling a

BMS. Electrical engineering specialists are required for studying the impact of the SGE systems on

the grid, since an increase in the peak capacity can be foreseen. They shall perform a study of the

available power and the maximum additional power for the HP system. It can be necessary or

recommended to modify a BMS to a building energy management system (BEMS). The best working

period for the HP can be indicated by estimating the required demand for the next period (typically

24 – 48h). This is intended for the system to use electricity when it is cheapest and to avoid additional

peaks on the import of net energy. When there is also local energy production (as with solar panels)

the surplus of electricity should be stored as heat in a buffer tank. This functionality can be added to

the local BMS or come from services in the cloud that analyse and predict consumption, production

and checks the available electricity prices on a contractual basis.

Additional specialists: BIM specialists, structural health survey specialists or demand response

specialists can be included in this actor category.

Regarding BIM specialists, a team focused on data curation and management is required for a digitalised

project. This team should also have expertise in internet of things (IoT), simulation and artificial

intelligence (AI) to support the creation of digital mirrors.

Regarding structural health survey specialists, it is recommended that they have expertise in:

— Design an excavation plans to avoid/limit vibration propagations during excavation – in cooperation

with a drilling company.

— Building monitoring during the excavation phase for rapid building health assessment before and

during drilling.

Other additional specialists can be required depending on the project specificities.

4.2.4 Contractors

Contractors are actors taking part in construction. They can be construction companies, a construction

manager, or equipment and material suppliers.

General contractors and specialised contractors: should have operational knowledge of the different

system parts. This category includes groundwork contractors, general building contractors, and

mechanical and electrical (M&E) contractors.

Industrial manufacturers and supply-chain vendors or distributors with technical sales who can

provide added value: the designer team of a SGE building retrofitting project should include suppliers of

the main components of the new SGE system (e.g., GSHPs, GHEXs, HVAC systems, monitoring and control

devices).
4.2.5 Managers

Managers are responsible for controlling and/or administering the entire project. Two types of managers

can be considered in an IDDS project: the IDDS facilitator, and the project manager or the building

program representative.

IDDS facilitators: provide guidelines for project management, “allowing team members to focus on their

tasks and goals, while at the same time fosterin
...

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