SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
(Main)Plain bearings - Terms, definitions, classification and symbols - Part 1: Design, bearing materials and their properties
Plain bearings - Terms, definitions, classification and symbols - Part 1: Design, bearing materials and their properties
ISO 4378-1:2017 specifies the most commonly used terms relating to design, bearing materials and their properties of plain bearings with their definitions and classification.
For some terms and word combinations, their short forms are given, which can be used where they are unambiguous. Self-explanatory terms are given without definitions.
Paliers lisses - Termes, définitions, classification et symboles
L'ISO 4378-1:2017 donne les termes les plus couramment utilisés concernant la conception, les matériaux pour paliers et les propriétés des paliers lisses, ainsi que leur définition et leur classification.
Les formes abrégées données pour certains termes peuvent ętre employées dans les cas oů elles ne créent aucune ambiguďté possible quant ŕ leur interprétation. Les termes suffisamment explicites par eux-męmes ne sont pas définis.
Drsni ležaji - Izrazi, definicije, klasifikacija in simboli - 1. del: Konstrukcija, materiali za ležaje in njihove lastnosti
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Standards Content (Sample)
ISO/TC 123/SC 6
Date: 2017-07
Deleted: xx-xx
ISO 4378-1
Deleted: /FDIS
ISO/TC 123/SC 6
Secretariat: JISC
Plain bearings — Terms, definitions, classification and symbols —
Part 1: Design, bearing materials and their properties
Paliers lisses — Termes, définitions, classification et symboles —
Partie 1: Conception, matériaux pour paliers et leurs propriétés
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ISO/FDIS 4378-1
Deleted: Copyright notice¶
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iii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non‐governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings, Subcommittee SC 6,
Terms and common items.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 4378‐1:2009), which has been technically
revised. The following changes have been made:
— editorial revision of the document;
— addition of Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 18, 19, 36, 37, 40, 44 and 49 and technical revision of the other
figures;
— revision of clause numbers.
A list of all the parts in the ISO 4378 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
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ISO 4378-1:2017
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Introduction
As there is a large number of multiple designations in the domain of plain bearings, there is a
considerable risk of error in the interpretation of standards and technical literature. This uncertainty
leads to the continuous addition of supplementary designations, which only serves to increase the
misunderstanding.
This document is an attempt to establish a uniform basic system of designations of design, bearing
materials and their properties.
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved v
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4378-1:2017
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Plain bearings — Terms, definitions, classification and symbols —
Part 1: Design, bearing materials and their properties
1 Scope
This document specifies the most commonly used terms relating to design, bearing materials and their
properties of plain bearings with their definitions and classification.
For some terms and word combinations, their short forms are given, which can be used where they are
unambiguous. Self‐explanatory terms are given without definitions.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
bearing
mechanical component by means of which a part in relative motion is supported and/or guided with
respect to other parts of a mechanism
3.1.2
plain bearing
sliding bearing
bearing (3.1.1) in which the type of relative motion is sliding
3.1.3
plain bearing unit
mechanical component of a tribological system including a plain bearing (3.1.2), its supporting part
(e.g. a housing), a shaft and a lubricating system
3.2 Types of plain bearings and classification
3.2.1 Classification according to the type of load
3.2.1.1
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
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statically loaded plain bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under a load constant in magnitude and direction
3.2.1.2
dynamically loaded plain bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under a load changing in magnitude and/or direction
3.2.2 Classification according to the direction of the acting load
3.2.2.1
plain journal bearing
journal bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) in which the load acts radially to the axis of the rotating shaft
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 1 and 3.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Figure 1 — Plain journal bearing
3.2.2.2
plain thrust bearing
thrust bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) in which the load acts along the axis of the rotating shaft
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
Deleted: 2016
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ISO 4378-1:2017
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Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Figure 2 — Plain thrust bearing
3.2.2.3
journal thrust bearing
flanged bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) capable of supporting a load in both the axial and radial directions
3.2.3 Classification according to the type of lubrication
3.2.3.1
hydrodynamic bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under conditions of hydrodynamic lubrication
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Key
1 oil film pressure distribution
Figure 3 — Hydrodynamic bearing
Deleted: 2016
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3.2.3.2
hydrostatic bearing
externally pressurized bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under conditions of hydrostatic lubrication
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 4.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Figure 4 — Hydrostatic bearing
3.2.3.3
hydrodynamic gas bearing
hydrodynamic air bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under conditions of hydrodynamic gas/air lubrication
3.2.3.4
hydrostatic gas bearing
hydrostatic air bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under conditions of hydrostatic gas/air lubrication
Deleted: 2016
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3.2.3.5
squeeze film bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) in which complete separation of sliding surfaces is caused by the pressure
developed in the lubricant film as a result of their approach in the direction normal to the surface
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 5.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Key
1 lubricant
2 load
Figure 5 — Squeeze film bearing
3.2.3.6
hybrid bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under conditions of both hydrostatic and hydrodynamic lubrication
Deleted: 2016
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
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3.2.3.7
solid-film lubricated bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating with a solid lubricant
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 6.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Key
1 solid lubricant
Figure 6 — Solid film lubricated bearing
3.2.3.8
unlubricated bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating without a lubricant
3.2.3.9
self-lubricating bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) lubricated by the bearing material (3.6.1), by the material components or by solid
lubricant overlays
Deleted: 2016
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3.2.3.10
porous self-lubricating bearing
sintered bearing
oil-impregnated sintered bearing
bearing (3.1.1), the sliding part of which consists of material having communicating pores filled with
lubricant
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 7.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Key
1 porous bearing
2 oil flow
Figure 7 — Porous self-lubricating bearing
3.2.3.11
self-contained plain bearing assembly
bearing assembly with a lubricant reservoir and means of circulating the lubricant to the bearing
surface
Note 1 to entry: See plain bearing assembly (3.2.4.9).
Deleted: 2016
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3.2.3.12
foil bearing
hydrodynamic bearing (3.2.3.1) consisting of a thin solid material (3.6.2) with low bending stiffness,
which supports a load while allowing deflection of the thin solid material
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 8.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Key
1 foil
Figure 8 — Foil bearing
Deleted: 2016
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ISO 4378-1:2017
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3.2.3.13
spiral groove bearing
hydrodynamic bearing (3.2.3.1) system with many shallow spiral grooves on the surface of the bearing
or the shaft
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 9.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Key
1 grooves
Figure 9 — Spiral groove bearing
Deleted: 2016
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
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3.2.4 Classification according to the design
3.2.4.1
circular cylindrical bearing
plain journal bearing (3.2.2.1), every cross‐section of the inside surface of which is a circle of the same
diameter
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 10.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Figure 10 — Circular cylindrical bearing
3.2.4.2
profile bore bearing
plain journal bearing (3.2.2.1) in which no cross‐section of the inside surface is a circle
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 11.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Figure 11 — Profile bore bearing
Deleted:
3.2.4.3
lobed bearing
Formatted: Font:
Deleted: 2016
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ISO 4378-1:2017
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plain journal bearing (3.2.2.1) having more than one cylindrical surface so arranged that two or more
lubricant wedges develop around the bearing circumference
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 11.
Deleted: 2016
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
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3.2.4.4
pad thrust bearing
plain thrust bearing (3.2.2.2), the sliding surface of which consists of fixed pads (3.3.7)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 12.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Figure 12 — Pad thrust bearing
3.2.4.5
taper-land thrust bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) in which one side of the sliding surfaces is tapered
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 13.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Figure 13 — Taper-land thrust bearing
Deleted: 2016
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ISO 4378-1:2017
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3.2.4.6
tilting pad journal bearing
self‐tilting plain journal bearing (3.2.2.1), the sliding surface of which consists of pads (3.3.7) free to
align with respect to the journal under the hydrodynamic action of the lubricant film
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 14.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Figure 14 — Tilting pad journal bearing
Deleted: 2016
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
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3.2.4.7
tilting pad thrust bearing
self‐tilting plain thrust bearing (3.2.2.2), the sliding surface of which consists of pads (3.3.7) free to tilt
to make a convergent lubricant film with the thrust collar sliding surface under the hydrodynamic
action of the lubricant film
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 15.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Figure 15 — Tilting pad thrust bearing
3.2.4.8
floating bush bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) designed as a bush (3.3.2), being able to slide and rotate on the shaft and in the
housing bore
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 16.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Deleted: 2016
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ISO 4378-1:2017
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Figure 16 — Floating bush bearing
Deleted: 2016
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
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3.2.4.9
plain bearing assembly
bearing assembly consisting of a plain bearing fitted in a pedestal or flanged housing
Note 1 to entry: See self-contained plain bearing assembly (3.2.3.11).
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 17.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Figure 17 — Plain bearing assembly
3.2.4.9.1
pedestal plain bearing assembly
pillow block bearing assembly
plain bearing assembly (3.2.4.9) secured by fixing elements perpendicular or parallel to the shaft axis
3.2.4.9.2
flanged plain bearing assembly
plain bearing assembly (3.2.4.9) secured by fixing elements parallel and/or perpendicular to the shaft
axis
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 17.
Deleted: 2016
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ISO 4378-1:2017
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3.2.4.10
self-aligning bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) designed with the ability to self‐align, with respect to the opposing surface
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 18.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Figure 18 — Self-aligning bearing
3.2.4.11
offset bearing
pair of plain bearings (3.1.2) assembled by shifting radially by a certain distance smaller than the radius
clearance
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 19.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Figure 19 — Offset bearing
Deleted: 2016
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
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3.3 Structural elements of plain bearing assembly
3.3.1
half-bearing
plain journal bearing (3.2.2.1) with a sliding surface of 180° of the shaft circumference
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 20.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Figure 20 — Half-bearing
3.3.1.1
thin wall half-bearing
half-bearing (3.3.1) of sufficiently small wall thickness that the bearing geometry will be influenced by
housing bore geometrical imperfections
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 46.
3.3.1.2
thick wall half-bearing
half-bearing (3.3.1) of sufficiently large wall thickness that the bearing geometry will not be influenced
by housing bore geometrical imperfections
3.3.1.3
bearing back
surface of bearing backing (3.3.1.4) opposite the slide surface
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 24.
3.3.1.4
bearing backing
backing
part of a multilayer bearing applied for giving a bearing the required strength and/or stiffness
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 24.
Deleted: 2016
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ISO 4378-1:2017
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3.3.2
plain bearing bush
bearing bush
bush
replaceable tubular bearing element, the inner and/or outer surface of which is the sliding surface of a
plain bearing (3.1.2)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 21.
Deleted: ¶
Formatted: Font:
Figure 21 — Plain bearing bush
3.3.2.1
plain bearing wrapped bush
bearing wrapped bush
wrapped bush
bush (3.3.2) made from a wrapped strip of a single‐layer or multilayer bearing material (3.6.1)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 22.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Figure 22 — Plain bearing wrapped bush
Deleted: 2016
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
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3.3.3
flanged half-bearing
flanged bush
half-bearing (3.3.1)/bush (3.3.2) with a flange at one or both ends
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 23.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Figure 23 — Flanged half-bearing
3.3.4
solid half-bearing
solid bush
half-bearing (3.3.1)/bush (3.3.2) made of a single material
3.3.5
multilayer half-bearing
multilayer bush
half-bearing (3.3.1)/bush (3.3.2) made of layers of different materials
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 24.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Figure 24 — Multilayer half-bearing
3.3.5.1
half-bearing backing
bush backing
backing
part of a multilayer half-bearing/bush (3.3.5) which gives the required strength and/or stiffness to the
bearing (3.1.1)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 24.
3.3.5.2
bearing material layer
bearing layer Deleted: 2016
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ISO 4378-1:2017
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lining
layer of a bearing material (3.6.1) as part of a multilayer half-bearing (3.3.5)
Note 1 to entry: The layer thickness is usually greater than 0,2 mm.
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 24.
3.3.5.3
plain bearing running-in layer
running-in layer
overlay
additional layer of material applied to the bearing material (3.6.1) to improve running-in ability
(3.6.11), conformability (3.6.10), embeddability (3.6.12) and, in some cases, corrosion resistance (3.6.16)
Note 1 to entry: The layer thickness is usually from 0,01 mm to 0,05 mm.
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 24.
3.3.5.4
interlayer
bonding layer
nickel dam
thin layer between the overlay (3.3.5.3) and the lining (3.3.5.2) to strengthen the bond and reduce
diffusion
Note 1 to entry: The layer thickness is usually between 0,001 mm and 0,002 mm.
3.3.5.5
protective layer
flash
very thin layer on bearing surface or backing to provide corrosion protection in storage
Note 1 to entry: The layer thickness is usually between 0,000 5 mm and 0,001 mm.
Deleted: 2016
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
Deleted: /FDIS
3.3.6
thrust washer
annular plate used to support an axial load in conjunction with a plain journal bearing (3.2.2.1)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 25.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Figure 25 — Thrust washer
3.3.6.1
thrust half-washer
part of an annular plate which, on its own, or combined with another similar part, forms a thrust
bearing (3.2.2.2)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 26.
Deleted:
Formatted: Font:
Figure 26 — Thrust half-washer
3.3.7
Deleted: 2016
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ISO 4378-1:2017
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pad
part of a pad bearing that carries the load
Note 1 to entry: See Figur
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
01-oktober-2020
Drsni ležaji - Izrazi, definicije, klasifikacija in simboli - 1. del: Konstrukcija,
materiali za ležaje in njihove lastnosti
Plain bearings - Terms, definitions, classification and symbols - Part 1: Design, bearing
materials and their properties
Paliers lisses - Termes, définitions, classification et symboles
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 4378-1:2017
ICS:
01.040.21 Mehanski sistemi in deli za Mechanical systems and
splošno rabo (Slovarji) components for general use
(Vocabularies)
21.100.10 Drsni ležaji Plain bearings
SIST ISO 4378-1:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4378-1
Fourth edition
2017-07
Plain bearings — Terms, definitions,
classification and symbols —
Part 1:
Design, bearing materials and their
properties
Paliers lisses — Termes, définitions, classification et symboles —
Partie 1: Conception, matériaux pour paliers et leurs propriétés
Reference number
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Bibliography .39
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings, Subcommittee SC 6,
Terms and common items.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 4378-1:2009), which has been technically
revised. The following changes have been made:
— editorial revision of the document;
— addition of Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 18, 19, 36, 37, 40, 44 and 49 and technical revision of the other
figures;
— revision of clause numbers.
A list of all the parts in the ISO 4378 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
Introduction
As there is a large number of multiple designations in the domain of plain bearings, there is a
considerable risk of error in the interpretation of standards and technical literature. This uncertainty
leads to the continuous addition of supplementary designations, which only serves to increase the
misunderstanding.
This document is an attempt to establish a uniform basic system of designations of design, bearing
materials and their properties.
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
Plain bearings — Terms, definitions, classification and
symbols —
Part 1:
Design, bearing materials and their properties
1 Scope
This document specifies the most commonly used terms relating to design, bearing materials and their
properties of plain bearings with their definitions and classification.
For some terms and word combinations, their short forms are given, which can be used where they are
unambiguous. Self-explanatory terms are given without definitions.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
bearing
mechanical component by means of which a part in relative motion is supported and/or guided with
respect to other parts of a mechanism
3.1.2
plain bearing
sliding bearing
bearing (3.1.1) in which the type of relative motion is sliding
3.1.3
plain bearing unit
mechanical component of a tribological system including a plain bearing (3.1.2), its supporting part
(e.g. a housing), a shaft and a lubricating system
3.2 Types of plain bearings and classification
3.2.1 Classification according to the type of load
3.2.1.1
statically loaded plain bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under a load constant in magnitude and direction
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.1.2
dynamically loaded plain bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under a load changing in magnitude and/or direction
3.2.2 Classification according to the direction of the acting load
3.2.2.1
plain journal bearing
journal bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) in which the load acts radially to the axis of the rotating shaft
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 1 and 3.
Figure 1 — Plain journal bearing
3.2.2.2
plain thrust bearing
thrust bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) in which the load acts along the axis of the rotating shaft
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
Figure 2 — Plain thrust bearing
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.2.3
journal thrust bearing
flanged bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) capable of supporting a load in both the axial and radial directions
3.2.3 Classification according to the type of lubrication
3.2.3.1
hydrodynamic bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under conditions of hydrodynamic lubrication
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.
Key
1 oil film pressure distribution
Figure 3 — Hydrodynamic bearing
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.3.2
hydrostatic bearing
externally pressurized bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under conditions of hydrostatic lubrication
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 4.
Figure 4 — Hydrostatic bearing
3.2.3.3
hydrodynamic gas bearing
hydrodynamic air bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under conditions of hydrodynamic gas/air lubrication
3.2.3.4
hydrostatic gas bearing
hydrostatic air bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under conditions of hydrostatic gas/air lubrication
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.3.5
squeeze film bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) in which complete separation of sliding surfaces is caused by the pressure
developed in the lubricant film as a result of their approach in the direction normal to the surface
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 5.
Key
1 lubricant
2 load
Figure 5 — Squeeze film bearing
3.2.3.6
hybrid bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under conditions of both hydrostatic and hydrodynamic lubrication
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.3.7
solid-film lubricated bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating with a solid lubricant
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 6.
Key
1 solid lubricant
Figure 6 — Solid film lubricated bearing
3.2.3.8
unlubricated bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating without a lubricant
3.2.3.9
self-lubricating bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) lubricated by the bearing material (3.6.1), by the material components or by solid
lubricant overlays
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.3.10
porous self-lubricating bearing
sintered bearing
oil-impregnated sintered bearing
bearing (3.1.1), the sliding part of which consists of material having communicating pores filled with
lubricant
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 7.
Key
1 porous bearing
2 oil flow
Figure 7 — Porous self-lubricating bearing
3.2.3.11
self-contained plain bearing assembly
bearing assembly with a lubricant reservoir and means of circulating the lubricant to the bearing surface
Note 1 to entry: See plain bearing assembly (3.2.4.9).
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.3.12
foil bearing
hydrodynamic bearing (3.2.3.1) consisting of a thin solid material (3.6.2) with low bending stiffness,
which supports a load while allowing deflection of the thin solid material
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 8.
Key
1 foil
Figure 8 — Foil bearing
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.3.13
spiral groove bearing
hydrodynamic bearing (3.2.3.1) system with many shallow spiral grooves on the surface of the bearing
or the shaft
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 9.
Key
1 grooves
Figure 9 — Spiral groove bearing
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.4 Classification according to the design
3.2.4.1
circular cylindrical bearing
plain journal bearing (3.2.2.1), every cross-section of the inside surface of which is a circle of the same
diameter
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 10.
Figure 10 — Circular cylindrical bearing
3.2.4.2
profile bore bearing
plain journal bearing (3.2.2.1) in which no cross-section of the inside surface is a circle
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 11.
Figure 11 — Profile bore bearing
3.2.4.3
lobed bearing
plain journal bearing (3.2.2.1) having more than one cylindrical surface so arranged that two or more
lubricant wedges develop around the bearing circumference
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 11.
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.4.4
pad thrust bearing
plain thrust bearing (3.2.2.2), the sliding surface of which consists of fixed pads (3.3.7)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 12.
Figure 12 — Pad thrust bearing
3.2.4.5
taper-land thrust bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) in which one side of the sliding surfaces is tapered
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 13.
Figure 13 — Taper-land thrust bearing
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.4.6
tilting pad journal bearing
self-tilting plain journal bearing (3.2.2.1), the sliding surface of which consists of pads (3.3.7) free to
align with respect to the journal under the hydrodynamic action of the lubricant film
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 14.
Figure 14 — Tilting pad journal bearing
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.4.7
tilting pad thrust bearing
self-tilting plain thrust bearing (3.2.2.2), the sliding surface of which consists of pads (3.3.7) free to
tilt to make a convergent lubricant film with the thrust collar sliding surface under the hydrodynamic
action of the lubricant film
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 15.
Figure 15 — Tilting pad thrust bearing
3.2.4.8
floating bush bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) designed as a bush (3.3.2), being able to slide and rotate on the shaft and in the
housing bore
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 16.
Figure 16 — Floating bush bearing
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.4.9
plain bearing assembly
bearing assembly consisting of a plain bearing fitted in a pedestal or flanged housing
Note 1 to entry: See self-contained plain bearing assembly (3.2.3.11).
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 17.
Figure 17 — Plain bearing assembly
3.2.4.9.1
pedestal plain bearing assembly
pillow block bearing assembly
plain bearing assembly (3.2.4.9) secured by fixing elements perpendicular or parallel to the shaft axis
3.2.4.9.2
flanged plain bearing assembly
plain bearing assembly (3.2.4.9) secured by fixing elements parallel and/or perpendicular to the shaft axis
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 17.
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.4.10
self-aligning bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) designed with the ability to self-align, with respect to the opposing surface
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 18.
Figure 18 — Self-aligning bearing
3.2.4.11
offset bearing
pair of plain bearings (3.1.2) assembled by shifting radially by a certain distance smaller than the radius
clearance
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 19.
Figure 19 — Offset bearing
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.3 Structural elements of plain bearing assembly
3.3.1
half-bearing
plain journal bearing (3.2.2.1) with a sliding surface of 180° of the shaft circumference
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 20.
Figure 20 — Half-bearing
3.3.1.1
thin wall half-bearing
half-bearing (3.3.1) of sufficiently small wall thickness that the bearing geometry will be influenced by
housing bore geometrical imperfections
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 46.
3.3.1.2
thick wall half-bearing
half-bearing (3.3.1) of sufficiently large wall thickness that the bearing geometry will not be influenced
by housing bore geometrical imperfections
3.3.1.3
bearing back
surface of bearing backing (3.3.1.4) opposite the slide surface
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 24.
3.3.1.4
bearing backing
backing
part of a multilayer bearing applied for giving a bearing the required strength and/or stiffness
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 24.
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.3.2
plain bearing bush
bearing bush
bush
replaceable tubular bearing element, the inner and/or outer surface of which is the sliding surface of a
plain bearing (3.1.2)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 21.
Figure 21 — Plain bearing bush
3.3.2.1
plain bearing wrapped bush
bearing wrapped bush
wrapped bush
bush (3.3.2) made from a wrapped strip of a single-layer or multilayer bearing material (3.6.1)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 22.
Figure 22 — Plain bearing wrapped bush
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.3.3
flanged half-bearing
flanged bush
half-bearing (3.3.1)/bush (3.3.2) with a flange at one or both ends
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 23.
Figure 23 — Flanged half-bearing
3.3.4
solid half-bearing
solid bush
half-bearing (3.3.1)/bush (3.3.2) made of a single material
3.3.5
multilayer half-bearing
multilayer bush
half-bearing (3.3.1)/bush (3.3.2) made of layers of different materials
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 24.
Figure 24 — Multilayer half-bearing
3.3.5.1
half-bearing backing
bush backing
backing
part of a multilayer half-bearing/bush (3.3.5) which gives the required strength and/or stiffness to the
bearing (3.1.1)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 24.
3.3.5.2
bearing material layer
bearing layer
lining
layer of a bearing material (3.6.1) as part of a multilayer half-bearing (3.3.5)
Note 1 to entry: The layer thickness is usually greater than 0,2 mm.
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 24.
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SIST ISO 4378-1:2020
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.3.5.3
plain bearing running-in layer
running-in layer
overlay
additional layer of material applied to the bearing material (3.6.1) to improve
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4378-1
Fourth edition
2017-07
Plain bearings — Terms, definitions,
classification and symbols —
Part 1:
Design, bearing materials and their
properties
Paliers lisses — Termes, définitions, classification et symboles —
Partie 1: Conception, matériaux pour paliers et leurs propriétés
Reference number
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
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Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Bibliography .39
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings, Subcommittee SC 6,
Terms and common items.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 4378-1:2009), which has been technically
revised. The following changes have been made:
— editorial revision of the document;
— addition of Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 18, 19, 36, 37, 40, 44 and 49 and technical revision of the other
figures;
— revision of clause numbers.
A list of all the parts in the ISO 4378 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
Introduction
As there is a large number of multiple designations in the domain of plain bearings, there is a
considerable risk of error in the interpretation of standards and technical literature. This uncertainty
leads to the continuous addition of supplementary designations, which only serves to increase the
misunderstanding.
This document is an attempt to establish a uniform basic system of designations of design, bearing
materials and their properties.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
Plain bearings — Terms, definitions, classification and
symbols —
Part 1:
Design, bearing materials and their properties
1 Scope
This document specifies the most commonly used terms relating to design, bearing materials and their
properties of plain bearings with their definitions and classification.
For some terms and word combinations, their short forms are given, which can be used where they are
unambiguous. Self-explanatory terms are given without definitions.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
bearing
mechanical component by means of which a part in relative motion is supported and/or guided with
respect to other parts of a mechanism
3.1.2
plain bearing
sliding bearing
bearing (3.1.1) in which the type of relative motion is sliding
3.1.3
plain bearing unit
mechanical component of a tribological system including a plain bearing (3.1.2), its supporting part
(e.g. a housing), a shaft and a lubricating system
3.2 Types of plain bearings and classification
3.2.1 Classification according to the type of load
3.2.1.1
statically loaded plain bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under a load constant in magnitude and direction
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.1.2
dynamically loaded plain bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under a load changing in magnitude and/or direction
3.2.2 Classification according to the direction of the acting load
3.2.2.1
plain journal bearing
journal bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) in which the load acts radially to the axis of the rotating shaft
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 1 and 3.
Figure 1 — Plain journal bearing
3.2.2.2
plain thrust bearing
thrust bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) in which the load acts along the axis of the rotating shaft
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
Figure 2 — Plain thrust bearing
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.2.3
journal thrust bearing
flanged bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) capable of supporting a load in both the axial and radial directions
3.2.3 Classification according to the type of lubrication
3.2.3.1
hydrodynamic bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under conditions of hydrodynamic lubrication
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.
Key
1 oil film pressure distribution
Figure 3 — Hydrodynamic bearing
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.3.2
hydrostatic bearing
externally pressurized bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under conditions of hydrostatic lubrication
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 4.
Figure 4 — Hydrostatic bearing
3.2.3.3
hydrodynamic gas bearing
hydrodynamic air bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under conditions of hydrodynamic gas/air lubrication
3.2.3.4
hydrostatic gas bearing
hydrostatic air bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under conditions of hydrostatic gas/air lubrication
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.3.5
squeeze film bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) in which complete separation of sliding surfaces is caused by the pressure
developed in the lubricant film as a result of their approach in the direction normal to the surface
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 5.
Key
1 lubricant
2 load
Figure 5 — Squeeze film bearing
3.2.3.6
hybrid bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating under conditions of both hydrostatic and hydrodynamic lubrication
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.3.7
solid-film lubricated bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating with a solid lubricant
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 6.
Key
1 solid lubricant
Figure 6 — Solid film lubricated bearing
3.2.3.8
unlubricated bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) operating without a lubricant
3.2.3.9
self-lubricating bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) lubricated by the bearing material (3.6.1), by the material components or by solid
lubricant overlays
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.3.10
porous self-lubricating bearing
sintered bearing
oil-impregnated sintered bearing
bearing (3.1.1), the sliding part of which consists of material having communicating pores filled with
lubricant
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 7.
Key
1 porous bearing
2 oil flow
Figure 7 — Porous self-lubricating bearing
3.2.3.11
self-contained plain bearing assembly
bearing assembly with a lubricant reservoir and means of circulating the lubricant to the bearing surface
Note 1 to entry: See plain bearing assembly (3.2.4.9).
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.3.12
foil bearing
hydrodynamic bearing (3.2.3.1) consisting of a thin solid material (3.6.2) with low bending stiffness,
which supports a load while allowing deflection of the thin solid material
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 8.
Key
1 foil
Figure 8 — Foil bearing
8 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.3.13
spiral groove bearing
hydrodynamic bearing (3.2.3.1) system with many shallow spiral grooves on the surface of the bearing
or the shaft
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 9.
Key
1 grooves
Figure 9 — Spiral groove bearing
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.4 Classification according to the design
3.2.4.1
circular cylindrical bearing
plain journal bearing (3.2.2.1), every cross-section of the inside surface of which is a circle of the same
diameter
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 10.
Figure 10 — Circular cylindrical bearing
3.2.4.2
profile bore bearing
plain journal bearing (3.2.2.1) in which no cross-section of the inside surface is a circle
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 11.
Figure 11 — Profile bore bearing
3.2.4.3
lobed bearing
plain journal bearing (3.2.2.1) having more than one cylindrical surface so arranged that two or more
lubricant wedges develop around the bearing circumference
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 11.
10 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.4.4
pad thrust bearing
plain thrust bearing (3.2.2.2), the sliding surface of which consists of fixed pads (3.3.7)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 12.
Figure 12 — Pad thrust bearing
3.2.4.5
taper-land thrust bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) in which one side of the sliding surfaces is tapered
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 13.
Figure 13 — Taper-land thrust bearing
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.4.6
tilting pad journal bearing
self-tilting plain journal bearing (3.2.2.1), the sliding surface of which consists of pads (3.3.7) free to
align with respect to the journal under the hydrodynamic action of the lubricant film
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 14.
Figure 14 — Tilting pad journal bearing
12 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.4.7
tilting pad thrust bearing
self-tilting plain thrust bearing (3.2.2.2), the sliding surface of which consists of pads (3.3.7) free to
tilt to make a convergent lubricant film with the thrust collar sliding surface under the hydrodynamic
action of the lubricant film
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 15.
Figure 15 — Tilting pad thrust bearing
3.2.4.8
floating bush bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) designed as a bush (3.3.2), being able to slide and rotate on the shaft and in the
housing bore
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 16.
Figure 16 — Floating bush bearing
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.4.9
plain bearing assembly
bearing assembly consisting of a plain bearing fitted in a pedestal or flanged housing
Note 1 to entry: See self-contained plain bearing assembly (3.2.3.11).
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 17.
Figure 17 — Plain bearing assembly
3.2.4.9.1
pedestal plain bearing assembly
pillow block bearing assembly
plain bearing assembly (3.2.4.9) secured by fixing elements perpendicular or parallel to the shaft axis
3.2.4.9.2
flanged plain bearing assembly
plain bearing assembly (3.2.4.9) secured by fixing elements parallel and/or perpendicular to the shaft axis
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 17.
14 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.2.4.10
self-aligning bearing
plain bearing (3.1.2) designed with the ability to self-align, with respect to the opposing surface
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 18.
Figure 18 — Self-aligning bearing
3.2.4.11
offset bearing
pair of plain bearings (3.1.2) assembled by shifting radially by a certain distance smaller than the radius
clearance
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 19.
Figure 19 — Offset bearing
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 15
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.3 Structural elements of plain bearing assembly
3.3.1
half-bearing
plain journal bearing (3.2.2.1) with a sliding surface of 180° of the shaft circumference
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 20.
Figure 20 — Half-bearing
3.3.1.1
thin wall half-bearing
half-bearing (3.3.1) of sufficiently small wall thickness that the bearing geometry will be influenced by
housing bore geometrical imperfections
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 46.
3.3.1.2
thick wall half-bearing
half-bearing (3.3.1) of sufficiently large wall thickness that the bearing geometry will not be influenced
by housing bore geometrical imperfections
3.3.1.3
bearing back
surface of bearing backing (3.3.1.4) opposite the slide surface
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 24.
3.3.1.4
bearing backing
backing
part of a multilayer bearing applied for giving a bearing the required strength and/or stiffness
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 24.
16 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.3.2
plain bearing bush
bearing bush
bush
replaceable tubular bearing element, the inner and/or outer surface of which is the sliding surface of a
plain bearing (3.1.2)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 21.
Figure 21 — Plain bearing bush
3.3.2.1
plain bearing wrapped bush
bearing wrapped bush
wrapped bush
bush (3.3.2) made from a wrapped strip of a single-layer or multilayer bearing material (3.6.1)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 22.
Figure 22 — Plain bearing wrapped bush
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.3.3
flanged half-bearing
flanged bush
half-bearing (3.3.1)/bush (3.3.2) with a flange at one or both ends
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 23.
Figure 23 — Flanged half-bearing
3.3.4
solid half-bearing
solid bush
half-bearing (3.3.1)/bush (3.3.2) made of a single material
3.3.5
multilayer half-bearing
multilayer bush
half-bearing (3.3.1)/bush (3.3.2) made of layers of different materials
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 24.
Figure 24 — Multilayer half-bearing
3.3.5.1
half-bearing backing
bush backing
backing
part of a multilayer half-bearing/bush (3.3.5) which gives the required strength and/or stiffness to the
bearing (3.1.1)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 24.
3.3.5.2
bearing material layer
bearing layer
lining
layer of a bearing material (3.6.1) as part of a multilayer half-bearing (3.3.5)
Note 1 to entry: The layer thickness is usually greater than 0,2 mm.
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 24.
18 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO 4378-1:2017(E)
3.3.5.3
plain bearing running-in layer
running-in layer
overlay
additional layer of material applied to the bearing material (3.6.1) to improve running-in ability (3.6.11),
conformability (3.6.10), embeddability (3.6.12) and, in some cases, corrosion resistance (3.6.16)
Note 1 to entry: The layer thickness is usually from 0,01 mm to 0,05 mm.
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 24.
3.3.5.4
interlayer
bonding layer
nickel dam
thin layer between the overlay (3.3.5.3) and the lining (3.3.5.2) to strengthen the bond and reduce
diffusion
Note 1 to entry: The layer thickness is usually between 0,001 mm and 0,002 mm.
3.3.5.5
protective layer
flash
very thin layer on bearing surface or backing to provide corrosion protection in storage
Note 1 to ent
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 4378-1
Quatrième édition
2017-07
Paliers lisses — Termes, définitions,
classification et symboles —
Partie 1:
Conception, matériaux pour paliers et
leurs propriétés
Plain bearings — Terms, definitions, classification and symbols —
Part 1: Design, bearing materials and their properties
Numéro de référence
ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
©
ISO 2017
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2017, Publié en Suisse
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ii © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
3.1 Termes généraux . 1
3.2 Types de paliers lisses et classification . 2
3.2.1 Classification en fonction du type de charge . 2
3.2.2 Classification en fonction du sens de la charge appliquée . 2
3.2.3 Classification en fonction du type de lubrification . 3
3.2.4 Classification en fonction de la conception . 8
Bibliographie .37
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux.
L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www
.iso .org/ directives).
L’attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l’élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l’Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l’ISO (voir www .iso .org/ brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion
de l’ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ fr/ avant -propos .html
Le comité chargé de l’élaboration du présent document est l’ISO/TC 123, Paliers lisses, sous-comité SC 6,
Termes et sujets communs.
Cette quatrième édition annule et remplace la troisième édition (ISO 4378-1:2009), qui a fait l’objet
d’une révision technique. Les modifications suivantes ont été apportées:
— révision mineure du document;
— ajout des Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 18, 19, 36, 37, 40, 44 et 49 et révision technique de certaines autres;
— révision de la numérotation des articles.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 4378 peut être trouvée sur le site web ISO.
iv © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
Introduction
Un grand nombre de désignations multiples sont présentés dans le domaine des paliers lisses, ce
qui entraîne un risque considérable d’erreurs lors de l’interprétation des normes et de la littérature
technique. Du fait de cette incertitude, des désignations nouvelles sont constamment ajoutées, ce qui
augmente encore la confusion.
Le présent document est une tentative d’élaboration d’un système de base uniquement de désignation
concernant la conception, les matériaux pour paliers et leurs propriétés.
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
Paliers lisses — Termes, définitions, classification et
symboles —
Partie 1:
Conception, matériaux pour paliers et leurs propriétés
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document donne les termes les plus couramment utilisés concernant la conception, les
matériaux pour paliers et les propriétés des paliers lisses, ainsi que leur définition et leur classification.
Les formes abrégées données pour certains termes peuvent être employées dans les cas où elles ne
créent aucune ambiguïté possible quant à leur interprétation. Les termes suffisamment explicites par
eux-mêmes ne sont pas définis.
2 Références normatives
Le présent document ne contient aucune référence normative.
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s’appliquent.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en
normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1 Termes généraux
3.1.1
palier
composant mécanique au moyen duquel une pièce en mouvement relatif est supportée et/ou guidée par
rapport à d’autres pièces d’un mécanisme
3.1.2
palier lisse
palier (3.1.1) dans lequel le type de mouvement relatif est le glissement
3.1.3
ensemble palier lisse
composant mécanique d’un système tribologique comprenant un palier lisse (3.1.2), son élément support
(par exemple un logement), son arbre et son système de lubrification
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
3.2 Types de paliers lisses et classification
3.2.1 Classification en fonction du type de charge
3.2.1.1
palier lisse sollicité par une charge statique
palier lisse (3.1.2) fonctionnant sous l’effet d’une charge dont l’intensité et le sens sont constants
3.2.1.2
palier lisse sollicité par une charge dynamique
palier lisse (3.1.2) fonctionnant sous l’effet d’une charge dont l’intensité et/ou le sens varient
3.2.2 Classification en fonction du sens de la charge appliquée
3.2.2.1
palier lisse radial
palier radial
palier lisse (3.1.2) dans lequel la charge agit radialement par rapport à l’axe de rotation de l’arbre
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figures 1 et 3.
Figure 1 — Palier lisse radial
3.2.2.2
palier lisse de butée
palier de butée
butée
palier lisse (3.1.2) dans lequel la charge agit dans le sens de l’axe de rotation de l’arbre
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 2.
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
Figure 2 — Palier lisse de butée
3.2.2.3
palier combiné radial-axial
palier à collerette
palier lisse (3.1.2) capable de supporter une charge dans le sens radial comme dans le sens axial
3.2.3 Classification en fonction du type de lubrification
3.2.3.1
palier hydrodynamique
palier lisse (3.1.2) fonctionnant dans des conditions de lubrification hydrodynamique
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 3.
Légende
1 distribution de pression du film d’huile
Figure 3 — Palier hydrodynamique
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
3.2.3.2
palier hydrostatique
palier sous pression externe
palier lisse (3.1.2) fonctionnant dans des conditions de lubrification hydrostatique
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 4.
Figure 4 — Palier hydrostatique
3.2.3.3
palier hydrodynamique
palier hydrodynamique aérodynamique
palier lisse (3.1.2) fonctionnant dans des conditions de lubrification hydrodynamique à gaz/air
3.2.3.4
palier hydrostatique
palier hydrostatique aérostatique
palier lisse (3.1.2) fonctionnant dans des conditions de lubrification hydrostatique à gaz/air
3.2.3.5
palier à effet amortisseur
palier lisse (3.1.2) dans lequel la séparation complète des surfaces de glissement résulte de la pression
développée dans le film de lubrifiant par le rapprochement de ces surfaces dans une direction qui leur
est perpendiculaire
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 5.
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
Légende
1 lubrifiant
2 charge
Figure 5 — Palier à effet amortisseur
3.2.3.6
palier hybride
palier lisse (3.1.2) fonctionnant dans des conditions de lubrification à la fois hydrostatique et
hydrodynamique
3.2.3.7
palier à lubrifiant solide
palier lisse (3.1.2) fonctionnant avec un lubrifiant solide
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 6.
Légende
1 lubrifiant solide
Figure 6 — Palier à lubrifiant solide
3.2.3.8
palier sans lubrifiant
palier lisse (3.1.2) fonctionnant sans lubrifiant
3.2.3.9
palier autolubrifiant
palier lisse (3.1.2) dont la lubrification est assurée par le matériau du palier (3.6.1), par les composants
du matériau ou par des couches de lubrifiant solide
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
3.2.3.10
palier autolubrifiant en matériau poreux
palier fritté
palier fritté imprégné d’huile
palier (3.1.1) dont la surface de glissement est composée d’un matériau ayant des pores communicants
remplis de lubrifiant
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 7.
Légende
1 palier en matériau poreux
2 flux d’huile
Figure 7 — Palier autolubrifiant en matériau poreux
3.2.3.11
palier lisse à lubrification autonome
ensemble avec palier lisse comportant un réservoir de lubrifiant et un moyen de faire circuler le
lubrifiant jusqu’à la surface du palier
Note 1 à l’article: Voir ensemble avec palier lisse (3.2.4.9).
3.2.3.12
palier-feuille
palier hydrodynamique (3.2.3.1) constitué d’un matériau solide (3.6.2) de faible épaisseur ayant une
faible résistance à la flexion, qui supporte la charge tout en permettant la flexion du matériau solide de
faible épaisseur
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 8.
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
Légende
1 feuille
Figure 8 — Palier-feuille
3.2.3.13
palier à rainures spirales
système de palier hydrodynamique (3.2.3.1) qui comprend de nombreuses rainures en spirales peu
profondes sur la surface du palier ou de l’arbre
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 9.
Légende
1 rainure
Figure 9 — Palier à rainures spirales
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
3.2.4 Classification en fonction de la conception
3.2.4.1
palier cylindrique circulaire
palier lisse radial (3.2.2.1) dont la section au niveau de sa surface intérieure forme un cercle de même
diamètre
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 10.
Figure 10 — Palier cylindrique circulaire
3.2.4.2
palier à alésage profilé
palier lisse radial (3.2.2.1) dont la section au niveau de sa surface intérieure ne forme pas un cercle
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 11.
Figure 11 — Palier à alésage profilé
3.2.4.3
palier à lobes
palier à plusieurs segments
paliers à plusieurs secteurs
palier lisse radial (3.2.2.1) comportant plusieurs surfaces cylindriques dont la disposition crée deux ou
plusieurs coins de lubrifiant convergeant à la périphérie du palier
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 11.
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
3.2.4.4
butée à segments
butée à patins
butée lisse (3.2.2.2) dont la surface de glissement se compose de segments (3.3.7) fixes
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 12.
Figure 12 — Butée à segments
3.2.4.5
butée à plan incliné
glissière à plan incliné
palier lisse (3.1.2) ou glissière dont une partie comporte un plan incliné comme une surface de glissement
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 13.
Figure 13 — Butée à plan incliné
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
3.2.4.6
palier à patins oscillants
palier radial (3.2.2.1) auto-pivotant dont la surface de glissement se compose de patins (3.3.7) pouvant
pivoter (osciller) chacun librement par rapport au tourillon sous l’effet hydrodynamique du film de
lubrifiant
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 14.
Figure 14 — Palier à patins oscillants
3.2.4.7
butée à patins oscillants
butée lisse auto-pivotante (3.2.2.2) dont la surface de glissement se compose de patins (3.3.7) pouvant
pivoter (osciller) librement pour constituer un film de lubrifiant convergent avec la surface de glissement
du collet de butée sous l’effet hydrodynamique du film de lubrifiant
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 15.
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
Figure 15 — Butée à patins oscillants
3.2.4.8
palier à bague flottante
palier lisse (3.1.2) conçu comme une bague (3.3.2) et capable de glisser et de tourner sur l’arbre et dans
l’alésage du logement
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 16.
Figure 16 — Palier à bague flottante
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
3.2.4.9
ensemble avec palier lisse
ensemble se composant d’un palier lisse monté dans un corps de palier à semelle ou à flasque
Note 1 à l’article: Voir palier lisse à lubrification autonome (3.2.3.11).
Note 2 à l’article: Voir Figure 17.
Figure 17 — Ensemble avec palier lisse
3.2.4.9.1
palier à semelle
ensemble avec palier lisse (3.2.4.9) qui est fixé perpendiculairement ou parallèlement à l’axe de l’arbre
par des éléments de fixation
3.2.4.9.2
palier lisse à flasque
Note 1 à l’article: ensemble avec palier lisse (3.2.4.9) dont les éléments de fixation sont parallèles et/ou
perpendiculaires à l’axe de l’arbre
Note 2 à l’article: Voir Figure 17.
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
3.2.4.10
palier auto-alignant
palier lisse (3.1.2) conçu pour assurer son auto-alignement par rapport à la surface opposée
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 18.
Figure 18 — Palier auto-alignant
3.2.4.11
palier décalé
paire de paliers lisses (3.1.2) assembles en les décalant radialement d’une certaine distance plus petite
que le jeu de rayon
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 19.
Figure 19 — Palier décalé
© ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés 13
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
3.3 Éléments constitutifs des ensembles avec palier lisses
3.3.1
demi-coussinet
palier lisse radial (3.2.2.1) dont la surface de glissement représente 180° de la circonférence de l’arbre
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 20.
Figure 20 — Demi-coussinet
3.3.1.1
demi-coussinet mince
demi-coussinet (3.3.1) dont la paroi est suffisamment mince pour que des imperfections géométriques
de l’alésage du logement influent sur la géométrie du palier
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 46.
3.3.1.2
demi-coussinet épais
demi-coussinet (3.3.1) dont la paroi est suffisamment épaisse pour que des imperfections géométriques
de l’alésage du logement n’influent pas sur la géométrie du palier
3.3.1.3
corps du palier
surface du corps de coussinet (3.3.1.4) (dos du coussinet) opposée à la surface de glissement
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 24.
3.3.1.4
corps de palier
corps de coussinet
substrat
partie d’un support multicouches appliqué afin de donner à un palier la force et/ou la rigidité nécessaire
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 24.
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
3.3.2
bague de palier lisse
bague de palier
bague
coussinet
élément tubulaire amovible d’un palier dont la surface intérieure et/ou extérieure constitue la surface
de glissement d’un palier lisse (3.1.2)
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 21.
Figure 21 — Bague de palier lisse
3.3.2.1
bague roulée de palier lisse
bague roulée de palier
bague roulée
bague (3.3.2) roulée à partir d’une bande de matériau antifriction (3.6.1) à une couche ou multicouches
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 22.
Figure 22 — Bague roulée de palier lisse
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
3.3.3
demi-coussinet à collerette
demi-bague à collerette
demi-coussinet (3.3.1)/bague (3.3.2) muni(e) d’une collerette à une ou aux deux extrémités
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 23.
Figure 23 — Demi-coussinet à collerette
3.3.4
demi-coussinet massif
demi-bague massive
demi-coussinet (3.3.1)/bague (3.3.2) constitué(e) d’un seul matériau
3.3.5
demi-coussinet multicouche
demi-bague multicouche
demi-coussinet (3.3.1)/bague (3.3.2) constitué(e) de plusieurs couches de différents matériaux
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 24.
Figure 24 — Demi-coussinet multicouche
3.3.5.1
corps de demi-coussinet
corps de demi-bague
substrat de demi-coussinet
substrat de demi-bague
partie d’un demi-coussinet/-bague multicouche (3.3.5) qui donne la résistance et/ou la rigidité requise
au palier (3.1.1)
Note 1 à l’article: Voir Figure 24.
3.3.5.2
couche de matériau antifriction
couche antifriction
revêtement
couche de matériau antifriction (3.6.1) faisant partie d’un demi-coussinet multicouche (3.3.5)
Note 1 à l’article: L’épaisseur de la couche est généralement supérieure à 0,2 mm.
Note 2 à l’article: Voir Figure 24.
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ISO 4378-1:2017(F)
3.3.5.3
couche de rodage de palier lisse
couche de rodage
couche supplémentaire de matériau recouvrant le matériau antifriction (3.6.1) pour améliorer l’aptitude
au rodage (3.6.11), la conformabilité (3.6.10), le pouvoir d’incrustabilité (3.6.12) et, dans certains cas, la
résistance à la corrosion (3.6.16)
Note 1 à l’article: L’épaisseur de la couche est généralement comprise entre 0,01 mm et 0,05 mm.
Note 2 à l’article: Voir Figure 24.
3.3.5.4
couche intermédiaire
couche d’adhérence
couche de nickel
couche très mince située entre la couche de rodage (3.3.5.3) et la couche antifriction (3.3.5.2) pour
renforcer l’adhérence et réduire la diffusion
Note 1 à l’article: L’épaisseur de la couche est généralement comprise entre 0,001 mm et 0,002 mm.
3
...
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