oSIST prEN ISO 22688:2026

• Abstract:

  This document defines two levels of quality requirements and selection criteria for brazing of metallic materials. It applies to manufacturing, both in workshops and at installation sites.; NOTE 1 This document is applicable to brazing industry quality management systems, similar in scope and purpose to the ISO 3834 series. This document provides complete sets of quality requirements for process control related to all listed brazing processes (for each process separately or in combination as specified) and lists the documents with which it is necessary to conform to these requirements. The requirements in this standard may be adopted for other brazing processes, with or without adjustments, under the responsibility of the manufacturer.; NOTE 2 These requirements can be used on their own by a manufacturer or in conjunction with a quality management system (e.g. ISO 9001).

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 01-Dec-2026
• ICS: 25.160.01 - Welding, brazing and soldering in general
• ICS: 25.160.10 - Welding processes
• Technical Committee: VAR - Welding
• Current Stage: 4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 08-Sep-2026
• Due Date: 26-Jan-2027
• Ref Project: prEN ISO 22688 - Brazing - Quality requirements for brazing of metallic materials (ISO 22688:2020)

Overview

oSIST prEN ISO 22688:2026: Brazing - Quality requirements for brazing of metallic materials (ISO 22688:2020) is an international standard published by CEN, harmonizing requirements across industries for the brazing of metallic materials. This standard defines two distinct levels of quality requirements for brazing processes-comprehensive and elementary-providing clear guidelines for selection and implementation in both workshop and installation site environments. Designed to support the manufacturing sector, this standard applies to quality management systems in the brazing industry, similar in scope and intent to the ISO 3834 series for welding.

By clearly specifying process control measures, oSIST prEN ISO 22688:2026 facilitates consistent product quality and enables manufacturers to prove their capability to meet contractual, regulatory, or own quality requirements. The requirements outlined can be applied independently or integrated into broader quality management systems, such as ISO 9001.

Key Topics

• Levels of quality requirements: The standard outlines comprehensive and elementary quality requirement levels, allowing selection based on risk, product criticality, and customer or regulatory demands.
• Criteria for selection: Guidance is provided on choosing the appropriate requirement level, factoring in product standards, specifications, contracts, safety, performance, complexity, and materials.
• Process control: Covers all aspects influencing quality, from design and material selection to manufacturing and inspection.
• Personnel competence: Establishes expectations for the qualification, training, and responsibilities of brazers, brazing operators, coordination personnel, and inspection/testing staff.
• Sub-contracting management: Defines the manufacturer’s responsibility for ensuring subcontractor compliance with technical and quality requirements.
• Inspection and testing: Describes the need for competent non-destructive testing personnel (e.g., per ISO 9712) and outlines requirements for equipment, calibration, and quality record-keeping.
• Documentation: Requires preparation of specifications, procedures, work instructions, and maintenance of quality records for traceability and continual improvement.

Applications

oSIST prEN ISO 22688:2026 is applicable across a wide range of industries where brazing of metallic components is critical to product integrity and reliability. Common sectors include:

• Automotive and aerospace industries: In the manufacture of structural components, heat exchangers, and critical assemblies.
• HVAC, refrigeration, and turbomachinery: For high-pressure joints and complex assemblies.
• General manufacturing: Workshops, installation sites, and any environment requiring consistent control over brazing quality.

Practical uses of the standard include:

• Defining contractual requirements for suppliers and subcontractors.
• Establishing and maintaining an internal brazing quality management system.
• Aligning with customer, product, or regulatory standards for critical applications.
• Supporting certification or third-party assessments of brazing capability and processes.

Related Standards

• ISO 3834 series: Quality requirements for welding processes - a parallel framework for welding quality management.
• ISO 9001: General requirements for quality management systems, often integrated with oSIST prEN ISO 22688:2026 for robust process control.
• ISO 9712: Qualification and certification of personnel for non-destructive testing (NDT).
• ISO 13585: Qualification test of brazers and brazing operators.
• ISO 18279: Imperfections in brazed joints.
• ISO 857-2: Welding and allied processes vocabulary, including brazing.
• ISO 11745: Brazing for aerospace applications - qualification test for brazers and brazing operators.

Conclusion

oSIST prEN ISO 22688:2026 provides an internationally recognized benchmark for quality requirements in brazing metallic materials. It establishes a structured approach to process and personnel management, risk-based quality levels, and systematic documentation-ensuring reliable brazed products in any manufacturing environment. Adoption of this standard helps organizations demonstrate compliance, enhance product quality, and meet both customer and regulatory expectations.

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2026
Trdo spajkanje - Zahteve za kakovost pri trdem spajkanju kovinskih materialov
(ISO 22688:2020)
Brazing - Quality requirements for brazing of metallic materials (ISO 22688:2020)
Hartlöten - Qualitätsanforderungen für das Hartlöten metallischer Werkstoffe (ISO
22688:2020)
Brasage fort - Exigences de qualité en brasage fort des matériaux métalliques (ISO
22688:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 22688
ICS:
25.160.10 Varilni postopki in varjenje Welding processes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22688
First edition
2020-04
Brazing — Quality requirements for
brazing of metallic materials
Brasage fort — Exigences de qualité en brasage fort des matériaux
métalliques
Reference number
ISO 22688:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020
ISO 22688:2020(E)
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
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ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

ISO 22688:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General . 2
5 Selection of the appropriate level of quality requirements . 4
6 Comprehensive quality requirements . 4
6.1 General . 4
6.2 Review of requirements and technical review . 5
6.2.1 General. 5
6.2.2 Review of requirements . 5
6.2.3 Technical review . 5
6.3 Sub-contracting . 6
6.4 Brazing personnel . 6
6.4.1 General. 6
6.4.2 Brazers and brazing operators . 6
6.4.3 Brazing coordination personnel . 7
6.5 Inspection and testing personnel . 7
6.5.1 General. 7
6.5.2 Non-destructive testing personnel . . 7
6.6 Equipment . 7
6.6.1 Production and testing equipment . 7
6.6.2 Description of equipment . 7
6.6.3 Suitability of equipment . 8
6.6.4 New and refurbished equipment . 8
6.6.5 Equipment maintenance . 8
6.7 Brazing and related activities . 9
6.7.1 Production planning . 9
6.7.2 Brazing procedure specifications . 9
6.7.3 Qualification of the brazing procedures . 9
6.7.4 Work instructions . 9
6.7.5 Procedures for preparation and control of documents . 9
6.8 Brazing consumables .10
6.8.1 Storage and handling .10
6.8.2 Batch testing .10
6.9 Storage of parent materials .10
6.10 Brazing and post-brazing heat treatment .10
6.11 Inspection and testing .10
6.11.1 General.10
6.11.2 Inspection and testing before brazing .10
6.11.3 Inspection and testing during brazing .11
6.11.4 Inspection and testing after brazing .11
6.11.5 Inspection and test status .11
6.12 Acceptance criteria .11
6.13 Non-conformance and corrective actions .11
6.14 Calibration and validation of measuring, inspection and testing equipment .12
6.15 Identification and traceability .12
6.16 Quality records .12
7 Elementary quality requirements .13
7.1 General .13
7.2 Review of requirements and technical review .13
ISO 22688:2020(E)
7.2.1 General.13
7.2.2 Review of requirements .13
7.2.3 Technical review .13
7.3 Sub-contracting .14
7.4 Brazing personnel .14
7.4.1 General.14
7.4.2 Brazers and brazing operators .14
7.5 Inspection and testing personnel .14
7.5.1 General.14
7.5.2 Non-destructive testing personnel . .15
7.6 Equipment .15
7.7 Brazing and related activities .15
7.7.1 Brazing work instructions .15
7.7.2 Brazing procedure specifications .15
7.7.3 Qualification of the brazing procedures .15
7.8 Brazing consumables .15
7.9 Inspection and testing .15
7.9.1 General.15
7.9.2 Inspection and testing before brazing .15
7.9.3 Inspection and testing during brazing .16
7.9.4 Inspection and testing after brazing .16
7.10 Non-conformance and corrective actions .16
7.11 Quality records .16
8 Documents required to claim compliance to these quality requirements .17
8.1 General .17
8.2 Declaration of compliance.17
Annex A (informative) Criteria to assist in the selection of the appropriate quality
requirements.18
Annex B (informative) Corresponding national standards .20
Annex C (informative) Elements to be considered for a quality management system to
complement these requirements .24
Annex D (informative) Information and requirements for the workshop and/or installation site 25
Bibliography .26
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

ISO 22688:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by IIW, the International Institute of Welding, jointly with Commission XVII,
Brazing, soldering and diffusion bonding, and Commission XVIII, Quality management in welding and
allied processes.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
ISO 22688:2020(E)
Introduction
Brazing processes are widely used to manufacture many products from simple to complex. In some
companies, brazing is the key fabrication process. Examples include several industry fields, such as
automotive, aerospace, heat exchangers, refrigeration, air-conditioning, turbomachinery and other items.
These processes exert a profound influence on the cost of manufacture and quality of the product. It is
important, therefore, to ensure that these processes are carried out in the most effective way and that
appropriate control is exercised over all aspects of the operation.
This document is similar in scope and purpose to the ISO 3834 series and has been adapted for brazing
quality management systems. This document can be a useful tool when a quality management system
(e.g. ISO 9001) is applied by manufacturers.
Specification of quality requirements for brazing processes is important because the quality of these
processes cannot be readily verified. Therefore, they are considered to be special processes as noted by
ISO 9000.
Quality cannot be inspected into a product, it needs to be built in. Even the most extensive and
sophisticated non-destructive testing does not improve the as-produced quality of the product. The use
of non-destructive testing processes such as radiography, fluorescent penetrants and ultrasonics helps
in rendering a decision as to the quality of the brazed joint.
For products to be free from serious problems in production and in service, it is necessary to provide
controls, from the design phase, through material selection, into manufacture and subsequent
inspection. For example, poor design can create serious and costly difficulties in the workshop, on site,
or in service. Incorrect material selection can result in problems, such as failure of brazed joints.
To ensure sound and effective manufacturing, management needs to understand and appreciate the
sources of potential trouble and to implement appropriate procedures for their control.
This document identifies measures that are applicable for different situations. Typically, they can be
applied in the following circumstances:
— in contractual situations: specification of brazing quality requirements;
— by manufacturers: establishment and maintenance of brazing quality requirements;
— by committees drafting manufacturing codes or application standards: specification of brazing
quality requirements;
— by organizations assessing brazing quality performance (e.g. third parties, customers or
manufacturers).
This document may be adopted in full or partially by the manufacturer depending on the assembly
concerned. This document provides a flexible framework for the control of brazing in the following
applications.
— Case 1: To provide specific requirements for specifications which require the manufacturer to have
a quality management system (e.g. ISO 9001).
— Case 2: To provide specific guidance for a manufacturer developing a quality management system
for brazing.
— Case 3: To provide detailed requirements for specifications, regulations or product standards that
require control of brazing activities.
This document can be used by internal and external organizations, including certification bodies, to
assess the manufacturer's ability to meet customer, regulatory or the manufacturer's own requirements.
vi © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

ISO 22688:2020(E)
A similar series of documents, the ISO 3834 series, was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44,
Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 10, Quality management in the field of welding.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22688:2020(E)
Brazing — Quality requirements for brazing of metallic
materials
1 Scope
This document defines two levels of quality requirements and selection criteria for brazing of metallic
materials. It applies to manufacturing, both in workshops and at installation sites.
NOTE 1 This document is applicable to brazing industry quality management systems, similar in scope and
purpose to the ISO 3834 series. This document provides complete sets of quality requirements for process
control related to all listed brazing processes (for each process separately or in combination as specified) and
lists the documents with which it is necessary to conform to these requirements. The requirements in this
standard may be adopted for other brazing processes, with or without adjustments, under the responsibility of
the manufacturer.
NOTE 2 These requirements can be used on their own by a manufacturer or in conjunction with a quality
management system (e.g. ISO 9001).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 857-2, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 2: Soldering and brazing processes and
related terms
ISO 9000, Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary
ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel
ISO 11745, Brazing for aerospace applications — Qualification test for brazers and brazing operators —
Brazing of metallic components
ISO 13585, Brazing — Qualification test of brazers and brazing operators
ISO 17662, Welding — Calibration, verification and validation of equipment used for welding, including
ancillary activities
ISO 17663, Welding — Quality requirements for heat treatment in connection with welding and allied
processes
ISO 18279, Brazing — Imperfections in brazed joints
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 857-2 and ISO 9000 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
ISO 22688:2020(E)
3.1
application standard
standard applicable to a specific sector or type of product
EXAMPLE Standards specific to pressure vessels, process piping, structural fabrication or storage tanks.
Note 1 to entry: Application standards can be based on generic standards, in whole or partly, but provide
additional, fewer or different requirements.
3.2
brazing coordination personnel
person or group of persons who coordinate manufacturing operations for all brazing and brazing-
related activities
Note 1 to entry: Different personnel may be appointed by the manufacturer (3.5) for different brazing and
related tasks.
3.3
brazing operator
person who controls or adjusts any brazing parameter for mechanized brazing or automatic brazing
3.4
competent personnel
personnel with the demonstrated ability to apply knowledge and skills to achieve the intended results
Note 1 to entry: A qualification test may be required for specific tasks and responsibilities.
3.5
manufacturer
organization responsible for brazing production
3.6
specification
requirements for products specified by customers or by the manufacturer (3.5) in anticipation of
customer requirements or other documents
Note 1 to entry: The requirements for products and in some cases associated processes can be contained in,
for example, technical specifications, product standards, process standards, contractual agreements or other
documents.
3.7
sub-contractor
supplier of products, services and/or activities to the manufacturer (3.5) in a contractual situation
[SOURCE: ISO 3834-1:2005, 3.5]
4 General
This document specifies quality requirements suitable for the following listed brazing processes:
a) brazing with local heating, including:
— infrared brazing;
— flame brazing (torch brazing, USA);
— laser beam brazing;
— electron beam brazing;
— induction brazing;
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

ISO 22688:2020(E)
— resistance brazing;
— diffusion brazing; and
b) brazing with global heating, including:
— furnace brazing;
— vacuum brazing;
— dip-bath brazing;
— salt-bath brazing;
— flux-bath brazing;
— immersion brazing
— diffusion brazing; and
c) weld brazing (braze welding, USA), including:
— gas weld brazing (gas braze welding, USA);
— arc weld brazing (arc braze welding, USA);
— gas metal arc weld brazing (gas metal arc braze welding, USA);
— gas tungsten arc weld brazing (gas tungsten arc braze welding, USA);
— plasma arc weld brazing (plasma arc braze welding, USA);
— laser weld brazing (laser braze welding, USA);
— electron beam weld brazing (electron beam braze welding, USA).
NOTE Controlled Atmosphere Brazing (CAB) is considered furnace brazing.
The requirements contained within this document may be adopted for other brazing processes.
These requirements relate only to those aspects of the quality of the products that can be influenced by
the brazing process, without being assigned to any specific product group.
Therefore, this document provides a method to demonstrate the capability of a manufacturer to
produce products of the specified quality.
These requirements:
a) are independent of the type of assembly manufactured;
b) define quality requirements for brazing in workshops and/or at installation sites;
c) provide guidance for describing a manufacturer's capability to produce assemblies to meet
specified requirements;
d) provide a basis for assessing a manufacturer’s brazing capability.
These requirements are appropriate when demonstration of a manufacturer's capability to produce
brazed assemblies, fulfilling specified quality requirements, is specified in one or more of the following:
— a specification;
— a product standard;
— contracts or other documents.
ISO 22688:2020(E)
5 Selection of the appropriate level of quality requirements
The selection of the comprehensive quality requirements (see Clause 6) or the elementary quality
requirements (see Clause 7) shall consider the product standard, specification, contract or other
documents.
To fulfil the comprehensive quality requirements, the manufacturer is required to comply with the
requirements of the relevant documents cited in Clause 6. To fulfil the elementary quality requirements,
the manufacturer is required to comply with the requirements of the relevant documents cited in
Clause 7.
The requirements of this document can be applied in a variety of situations. The manufacturer shall
also consider the comprehensive quality requirements, or the elementary quality requirements, based
on the following criteria related to products:
— the extent and significance of safety-critical products;
— the extent and significance of product performance;
— the complexity of manufacture;
— the range of products manufactured;
— the range of different materials used;
— the extent to which metallurgical problems, such as erosion, liquation, overaging, resolutionizing,
etc., can affect product performance;
— the extent to which manufacturing imperfections (e.g. misalignment, distortion or brazed joint
imperfections such as macroporosity, lack of braze coverage, lack of bonding, etc.) can affect product
performance.
NOTE 1 Because these requirements can be used in a variety of situations and for different applications,
definitive rules on the level of quality requirements to be adopted in individual circumstances are not given in
this clause.
A manufacturer that demonstrates compliance with the comprehensive quality requirements is
considered to have established compliance with the elementary quality requirements without further
demonstration.
NOTE 2 Table A.1 lists criteria that assists in the selection of the appropriate quality level, using Clauses 6 and
7 of these requirements.
6 Comprehensive quality requirements
6.1 General
This clause defines comprehensive quality requirements for brazing, both in workshops and at
installation sites.
In certain situations, where particular operations such as heat treatment are not undertaken, the
requirements related to that operation detailed in this clause may be selectively amended or deleted.
Otherwise, the requirements contained within this clause shall be adopted in full.
4 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

ISO 22688:2020(E)
6.2 Review of requirements and technical review
6.2.1 General
The manufacturer shall review the contractual requirements and any other requirements, together
with any technical data provided by the purchaser or in-house data when the assembly is designed
by the manufacturer. The manufacturer shall establish that all information necessary to carry out
the manufacturing operations is complete and available prior to the commencement of the work. The
manufacturer shall affirm its capability to meet all requirements and shall ensure adequate planning of
all quality-related activities.
The review of requirements is carried out by the manufacturer to verify that the work content is within
its capability to perform, that sufficient resources are available to achieve delivery schedules and that
documentation is clear and unambiguous.
The manufacturer shall ensure that any variations from the original requirements are identified and
the purchaser notified of any programme, cost or engineering changes that can result.
When a contract does not exist (e.g. items made for stock), the manufacturer shall take into consideration
the requirements of 6.2.2 while carrying out the technical review (see 6.2.3).
NOTE 1 Items in 6.2.2 are typically considered at or before the time of the review of requirements. Items in
6.2.3 usually form part of the technical review and are considered during the initial planning stage.
NOTE 2 Annex D lists criteria to be provided and agreed on.
6.2.2 Review of requirements
Aspects to be considered shall include the following:
a) the product standard to be used, together with any supplementary requirements;
b) contractual requirements or other documents;
c) any additional requirements determined by the manufacturer or purchaser;
d) the capability of the manufacturer to meet the prescribed requirements.
6.2.3 Technical review
Technical requirements to be considered shall include the following:
a) parent material(s), braze metal and/or flux specification and brazed joint properties;
b) quality and acceptance requirements for brazed joints;
c) location, accessibility and sequence of joints, including accessibility for inspection and for non-
destructive testing;
d) the preparation of work instructions;
e) the specification of brazing procedures (including cleaning), non-destructive testing procedures
and heat-treatment procedures, when required;
f) the approach to be used for the qualification of brazing procedures;
g) the qualification of personnel;
h) selection, identification and/or traceability (e.g. for materials, brazed joints);
i) quality control arrangements, including any involvement of an independent inspection body;
ISO 22688:2020(E)
j) inspection and testing;
k) sub-contracting;
l) post-braze heat treatment;
m) other brazing requirements (e.g. batch testing of consumables, ageing, use of peening, surface
finish, brazed joint profile);
n) use of special methods (e.g. to achieve full penetration/bonding/complete coverage);
o) dimensions and details of joint preparation and completed brazed joint;
p) where joining processes will be carried out (workshop or installation site);
q) environmental conditions relevant to the application of the process (e.g. very low temperature
ambient conditions, prevention of condensation, any necessity to provide protection against
adverse weather conditions, and proper temperature in the place where brazing consumables such
as paste/powder are stored);
r) requirements of manufacturing steps related to brazing (e.g. short timeframe between cleaning of
parent material and brazing process);
s) handling of non-conformances.
6.3 Sub-contracting
When a manufacturer intends to use sub-contracted services or activities (e.g. brazing, inspection,
destructive testing, non- destructive testing, heat treatment), information necessary to meet applicable
requirements shall be supplied by the manufacturer to the sub-contractor.
The information to be provided by the manufacturer to the sub-contractor shall include all relevant
data from the review of requirements (see 6.2.2) and the technical review (see 6.2.3). Additional
requirements may be specified as necessary to ensure sub-contractor compliance with technical
requirements.
A sub-contractor shall work under the order and responsibility of the manufacturer and shall fully
comply with the relevant requirements of this clause. The manufacturer shall ensure that the sub-
contractor can comply with the quality requirements as specified.
The sub-contractor shall provide such records and documentation of its work as may be specified by
the manufacturer.
6.4 Brazing personnel
6.4.1 General
The manufacturer shall have at its disposal sufficient and competent personnel for the planning,
performing and supervising of the brazing production according to specified requirements.
6.4.2 Brazers and brazing operators
Brazers and brazing operators shall be qualified by an appropriate test.
Brazers and brazing operators for brazing processes listed in Clause 4 shall be qualified in accordance
with ISO 13585 or ISO 11745, as applicable.
6 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

ISO 22688:2020(E)
6.4.3 Brazing coordination personnel
The manufacturer shall have at its disposal appropriate brazing coordination personnel. Such persons
having responsibility for quality activities shall have sufficient authority to enable any necessary action
to be taken. The tasks and responsibilities of such persons shall be clearly defined.
NOTE ISO 14731 can be used as a guide for brazing coordination personnel.
6.5 Inspection and testing personnel
6.5.1 General
The manufacturer shall have at its disposal sufficient and competent personnel for planning,
performing, and supervising the inspection and testing of the brazing production according to specified
requirements.
For direct, unaided visual testing, a qualification test may not be required. When a qualification test is
not required, competence shall be verified by the manufacturer.
6.5.2 Non-destructive testing personnel
Non-destructive testing personnel, including those performing indirect or aided visual testing, shall be
qualified in accordance with ISO 9712 or equivalent.
6.6 Equipment
6.6.1 Production and testing equipment
The following equipment shall be available, when necessary:
a) power sources and other machines;
b) ovens, quivers, shakers, etc., used for mixing and treatment of brazing consumables;
c) equipment for cutting, including thermal cutting, surface preparation (machining and cleaning)
and joining;
d) equipment for preheating and post-heat treatment including temperature indicator;
e) equipment for dispensing brazing materials (e.g. paste, fluxes, filler metal);
f) jigs and fixtures;
g) cranes and handling equipment used for the production;
h) personal protective equipment and other safety equipment, directly associated with the applicable
manufacturing process;
i) destructive and non-destructive testing facilities.
6.6.2 Description of equipment
The manufacturer shall maintain a list of essential equipment used for the production. This list shall
identify items of major equipment, essential for an evaluation of workshop capacity and capability. This
includes, for example:
a) maximum capacity of crane(s);
b) size of components that the workshop is able to handle;
c) capacities of rolling, bending, cleaning, machining and cutting equipment;
ISO 22688:2020(E)
d) capability of mechanized or automatic brazing equipment;
e) dimensions and maximum temperature, vacuum levels, partial pressure and dew point levels of
furnaces for brazing and post-braze heat treatment;
f) capacities of pressure applying equipment (e.g. for diffusion brazing);
g) destructive and non-destructive testing equipment.
Other equipment needs to be specified only by approximate total numbers which cover each general
type (e.g. total number of power sources for the different processes).
6.6.3 Suitability of equipment
The equipment shall be adequate for the application concerned.
Brazing equipment shall be calibrated, verified and validated in accordance with the requirements of
ISO 17662.
6.6.4 New and refurbished equipment
After installation of new or refurbished equipment, appropriate tests of the equipment shall be
performed. The tests shall verify the correct function of the equipment. The tests shall be carried out
and documented in accordance with appropriate standards, whenever relevant.
NOTE 1 Qualification of the equipment can be performed to verify the output of the equipment.
NOTE 2 Requalification of brazing and heating equipment, once qualified, is not normally required.
6.6.5 Equipment maintenance
The manufacturer shall have documented plans for the maintenance of equipment. The plan shall
ensure maintenance checks of those items that control variables listed in the relevant brazing procedure
specifications. The plans may be limited to those items that are essential for ensuring the quality of the
product. Defective equipment shall not be used.
Examples of these items are as follows:
a) condition of guides in equipment for mechanised fixtures;
b) condition of ammeters and voltmeters, flow meters used for the operation of the brazing equipment;
c) condition of cables, hoses, connectors;
d) condition of control system in mechanised and/or automatic brazing unit;
e) condition of temperature measurement instruments;
f) condition of wire feeders and conduits;
g) condition of furnaces (e.g. cleanliness, contaminated hot zones, vacuum seals);
h) verification of necessary vacuum level for brazing in vacuum furnaces;
i) verification of furnace uniform temperatures.
8 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

ISO 22688:2020(E)
6.7 Brazing and related activities
6.7.1 Production planning
The manufacturer shall carry out adequate production planning. Items to be considered shall include,
as a minimum:
a) specification of the sequence by which the assembly shall be manufactured (e.g. as single parts or
sub-assemblies, and the order of subsequent final assembly);
b) identification of the individual processes required to manufacture the assembly;
c) reference to the appropriate procedure specifications for brazing and allied processes;
d) sequence in which the brazed joints are to be made;
e) order and timing in which the individual processes are to be performed;
f) environmental conditions (e.g. protection from wind and rain);
g) identification by batches, components or parts, as appropriate;
h) allocation of qualified personnel;
i) arrangement for any production test;
j) specification for inspection and testing, including the involvement of any independent
inspection body.
6.7.2 Brazing procedure specifications
The manufacturer shall prepare the brazing procedure specification(s) and shall ensure that these are
used correctly in production.
6.7.3 Qualification of the brazing procedures
Brazing procedures shall be qualified prior to production. The method of qualification shall be in
accordance with relevant product standards or as stated in the specification.
NOTE Qualification of other procedures can be required in the relevant product standards and/or the
specification(s).
6.7.4 Work instructions
The manufacturer may use the brazing procedure specification directly for work instruction purposes.
Alternatively, dedicated work instructions may be used. Such dedicated work instructions shall be
prepared from a qualified brazing procedure specification and do not require separate qualification.
NOTE Work instructions can need re-qualification if new information is added to the original brazing
procedure specification.
6.7.5 Procedur
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