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ASTM D6007-22

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air from Wood Products Using a Small-Scale Chamber

Standard Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air from Wood Products Using a Small-Scale Chamber

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Upper limits for the formaldehyde emission rates have been established for wood panel building products made with urea-formaldehyde adhesives and permanently installed in homes or used as components in kitchen cabinets and similar industrial products. This test method is intended for use in conjunction with the test method referenced by HUD 24 for manufactured housing and by Minnesota Statutes for housing units and building materials. This method may also be used for monitoring products for compliance to the California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulation for composite wood products and the Environmental Protection Agency Formaldehyde Emission Standards for Composite Wood Products, EPA TSCA Title VI 40 CFR Section 770. This test method provides a means of testing smaller samples and reduces the time required for testing.  
4.2 Formaldehyde concentration levels obtained by this small-scale method may differ from expected in full-scale indoor environments. Variations in product loading, temperature, relative humidity, and air exchange will affect formaldehyde emission rates and thus likely indoor air formaldehyde concentrations.  
4.3 This test method requires the use of a chamber of 0.02 to 1 m3  in volume to evaluate the formaldehyde concentration in air using the following controlled conditions:  
4.3.1 Conditioning of specimens prior to testing,  
4.3.2 Exposed surface area of the specimens in the test chamber,  
4.3.3 Test chamber temperature and relative humidity,  
4.3.4 The Q/A ratio, and  
4.3.5 Air circulation within the chamber.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the formaldehyde concentrations in air emitted by wood product test specimens under defined test conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Results obtained from this small-scale chamber test method are intended to be comparable to results obtained from testing larger product samples by the large chamber test method for wood products, Test Method E1333. The results may be correlated to values obtained from Test Method E1333. The quantity of formaldehyde in an air sample from the small chamber is determined by a modification of NIOSH 3500 chromotropic acid test procedure. As with Test Method E1333, other analytical procedures may be used to determine the quantity of formaldehyde in the air sample provided that such methods give results comparable to those obtained by using the chromotropic acid procedure. However, the test results and test report must be properly qualified and the analytical procedure employed must be accurately described.  
1.2 The wood-based panel products to be tested by this test method are characteristically used for different applications and are tested at different relative amounts or loading ratios to reflect different applications. This is a test method that specifies testing at various loading ratios for different product types. However, the test results and test report must be properly qualified and must specify the make-up air flow, sample surface area, and chamber volume.  
1.3 Ideal candidates for small-scale chamber testing are products relatively homogeneous in their formaldehyde release characteristics. Still, product inhomogeneities must be considered when selecting and preparing samples for small-scale chamber testing.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Jul-2022
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
D07 - Wood
Drafting Committee
D07.03 - Panel Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D6007-22 - Standard Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air from Wood Products Using a Small-Scale ChamberASTM D6007-22 - Standard Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air from Wood Products Using a Small-Scale Chamber
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6007 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air from
1
Wood Products Using a Small-Scale Chamber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This test method measures the formaldehyde concentra-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tions in air emitted by wood product test specimens under
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
defined test conditions of temperature and relative humidity.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Resultsobtainedfromthissmall-scalechambertestmethodare
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
intended to be comparable to results obtained from testing
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
larger product samples by the large chamber test method for
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
wood products, Test Method E1333. The results may be
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
correlated to values obtained from Test Method E1333. The
quantity of formaldehyde in an air sample from the small
2. Referenced Documents
chamber is determined by a modification of NIOSH 3500
chromotropic acid test procedure.As withTest Method E1333,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
other analytical procedures may be used to determine the
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
quantity of formaldehyde in the air sample provided that such
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
methodsgiveresultscomparabletothoseobtainedbyusingthe
E1333 Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concen-
chromotropic acid procedure. However, the test results and test
trations in Air and Emission Rates from Wood Products
report must be properly qualified and the analytical procedure
Using a Large Chamber
employed must be accurately described.
2.2 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
1.2 The wood-based panel products to be tested by this test
3
Standard:
method are characteristically used for different applications
HUD 24 CFR 3280, Manufactured Home Construction and
and are tested at different relative amounts or loading ratios to
Safety Standards
reflectdifferentapplications.Thisisatestmethodthatspecifies
2.3 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
testing at various loading ratios for different product types.
Standard:
However, the test results and test report must be properly
4
NIOSH 3500 Formaldehyde Method
qualified and must specify the make-up air flow, sample
surface area, and chamber volume.
2.4 Other Documents:
Minnesota Statutes Sections 144.495, 325f.18, and
1.3 Ideal candidates for small-scale chamber testing are
5
325F.181—Formaldehyde Gases in Building Materials
products relatively homogeneous in their formaldehyde release
CaliforniaAir Resources Board (CARB) California Code of
characteristics. Still, product inhomogeneities must be consid-
Regulations sections 93120-93120.12, title 17, Airborne
ered when selecting and preparing samples for small-scale
chamber testing.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the the ASTM website.
3
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov; request Federal Register, Vol 49, No. 155, Aug. 8, 1984
1 4
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products. 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally www.access.gpo.gov; request U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, 1989.
5
approved in 1996.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6007 − 14 D6007 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air from
1
Wood Products Using a Small-Scale Chamber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method measures the formaldehyde concentrations in air emitted by wood product test specimens under defined test
conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Results obtained from this small-scale chamber test method are intended to be
comparable to results obtained from testing larger product samples by the large chamber test method for wood products, ASTM
Test Method E1333. The results may be correlated to values obtained from ASTM Test Method E1333. The quantity of
formaldehyde in an air sample from the small chamber is determined by a modification of NIOSH 3500 chromotropic acid test
procedure. As with ASTM Test Method E1333, other analytical procedures may be used to determine the quantity of formaldehyde
in the air sample provided that such methods give results comparable to those obtained by using the chromotropic acid procedure.
However, the test results and test report must be properly qualified and the analytical procedure employed must be accurately
described.
1.2 The wood-based panel products to be tested by this test method are characteristically used for different applications and are
tested at different relative amounts or loading ratios to reflect different applications. This is a test method that specifies testing at
various loading ratios for different product types. However, the test results and test report must be properly qualified and must
specify the make-up air flow, sample surface area, and chamber volume.
1.3 Ideal candidates for small-scale chamber testing are products relatively homogeneous in their formaldehyde release
characteristics. Still, product inhomogeneities must be considered when selecting and preparing samples for small-scale chamber
testing.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are the standard values. Any to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014Aug. 1, 2022. Published December 2014September 2022. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20082014
as D6007 – 02 (2008).D6007 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D6007-14.10.1520/D6007-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6007 − 22
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3195 Practice for Rotameter Calibration
D5197 Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde and Other Carbonyl Compounds in Air (Active Sampler Methodology)
3
D5221 Test Method for Continuous Measurement of Formaldehyde in Air (Withdrawn 1997)
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E741 Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution
E1333 Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air and Emission Rates from Wood Products Using a
Large Chamber
3
2.2 U
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient air quality measurements. Public and private air monitoring interests have manifested themselves as a driving force for the deployment of air quality sensors and instruments to quantify air pollutant concentrations in communities, around schools, around industrial facilities, and elsewhere. Users of air quality sensors require information on the performance and limitations of these devices so that informed decisions regarding their suitability for various purposes can be determined. This practice describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate instrument repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift and comparability with more costly instruments typically used by entities such as government agencies. The air quality sensors are first evaluated in a laboratory chamber by comparing their response to a reference instrument and challenging the gas sensors with interferents. The sensors are then deployed outdoors for field testing at two sites with different climates against reference air quality instruments. This practice is intended to be referenced in standards and codes that establish minimum performance quality for sensor-based ambient outdoor air monitoring.  
5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
5.3 It is anticipated that the main users of this practice will be manufacturers, developers, and distributors of outdoor air quality sensors, air quality agenc...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D8460-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Quantification of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Vapor intrusion testing has been performed traditionally using multiple canister samples or thermal desorption tube samples. These discontinuous measurements have been shown to be snapshots and provide averages of exposure. In many cases a higher temporal resolution is desirable to identify peaks of emissions due to specific occupancy or environmental changes. For these cases, a continuous real-time monitoring solution is desirable. These continuous monitoring setups can be either short-term or be part of a long-term monitoring plan as described in ASTM guide “Standard Guide for the development of LongTerm Monitoring Plans for Vapor Mitigation Systems” (E2600).  
5.2 The PTR-MS provides real-time measurement of multiple VOCs at ultra-trace levels, that is, in the µL/L (ppm) to less than pL/L (ppt) range. Its strengths lie with the ability to measure VOCs in real-time and continuously (that is, ~1 Hz or faster, using time-of-flight analyzers), and with limited sample pre-treatment, compared to a gas chromatograph (GC) system, which is commonly the method of choice to measure VOCs using a variety of detectors. In case of PTR-MS with quadrupole analyzers, the terms would be nearreal-time and semi-continuous. The high temporal resolution of the PTR-MS measurement in the range of second(s) is often desired when studying the atmospheric chemistry or source emissions that result in unpredictable, sudden, and short-term fluctuations. For a detailed description on the design and theory and practical aspects of operation for the different types of PTR-MS, please refer to Yuan et al. (2017)(1).  
5.3 For ambient air measurements, such as vapor intrusion (VI) related emission testing, the PTR-MS can be used in three different modes of operation: (1) in scanning mode to identify sources and VI entry points within buildings; (2) in variation identification mode, as a continuous monitoring instrument with seconds to minutes of temporal resolution covering a large number of V...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a technique of quantifying the results from measuring various volatile organic compound contents using a chemical ionization mass spectrometer resulting in the production of positively charged target compound ions. Depending on the nature of production of so-called primary ions, the associated instruments having the capability to perform such analyses are either named Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometers (PTR-MS), Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometers (SIFT-MS) or, in the most generic term, Mid-pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometers (MPCI-MS). Within this standard, the term PTR-MS is used to represent any of these instrumentations.  
1.2 Either of the instrument types can be used with the two main mass analyzers on the market, that is, with either quadrupole (QMS) or time-of-flight (TOFMS) mass analyzer. This method relates only to the quantification portion of the analysis. Due to large differences in user interfaces and operating procedures for the instruments of the main instrument providers, the specifics on instrument operation are not described in this method.  
1.3 Details on the theoretical aspects concerning ion production and chemical reactions are included in this standard as far as required to understand the quantification aspects and practical operation of the instrument in the field of vapor intrusion analyses. Specifics on the operation and/or calibration of the instrument need to be identified by using the user’s manual of the individual instrument vendor. A comprehensive discussion on the technique including individual mass-line interferences and in-depth comparison with alternate methods are given in multiple publications, such as Yuan et al. (2017) (1) and Dunne et al. (2018) (2)2.  
1.4 Units—Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Reporting of test results in units othe...

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ASTM D2914-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant, commonly formed by the combustion of sulfur-bearing fuels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards (7) that are designed to protect the public health and welfare.  
5.2 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has promulgated exposure limits for sulfur dioxide in workplace atmospheres (8).  
5.3 These methods have been found satisfactory for measuring sulfur dioxide in ambient and workplace atmospheres over the ranges pertinent in 5.1 and 5.2.  
5.4 Method A has been designed to correspond to the EPA-Designated Reference Method (7) for the determination of sulfur dioxide.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 μg/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 μg/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 μg SO2/mL to 1.3 μg SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 μg SO2/mL to 1.4 μg SO2/mL.  
1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 μg SO2/mL (1),2 representing an air concentration of 25 μg SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 μg SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.  
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.  
1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described.  
1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
Note 1: These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 μg/m3 by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4.
Note 2: Concentrations higher than 1000 μg/m3 can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9, and A3.1.3.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F2608-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Change in Room Air Particulate Counts as a Result of the Vacuum Cleaning Process

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In this test method, the amount of particulate generated into the air by operating a vacuum cleaner over a specific floor covering that is contaminated with dust will be determined. Particles from the motor, floor covering, and the test dust will all be measured. The amount of dust generated in the laboratory practice will differ from that in residential/commercial installations because of variations in floor coverings, soil and other solid particulate compositions, the vacuuming process used by individual operators, the air exchange rate of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, and other factors.  
4.2 To provide a uniform basis for measuring the performance in 4.1, a standardized test chamber, equipment, floor covering material, and dust particulate are used in this test method.  
4.3 Due to the large range of generated particle counts observed among products in the vacuum cleaner industry at the present time, the test results of the maximum particle counts generated under this test method are expressed in Log10 equivalents for evaluation and comparison of product performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a laboratory test for the measurement of particulate generated as a direct result of the vacuuming process.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to all residential/commercial uprights, canisters, stickvacs, central vacuum systems, and combination cleaners.  
1.3 This test method applies to test dust removal from floor coverings not the removal of surface litter and debris.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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