ASTM D2651-01(2008)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Adhesive Bonding
Standard Guide for Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Adhesive Bonding
ABSTRACT
This guide covers procedures for preparing various wrought metal surfaces for adhesive bonding. Surface treatment methods involving both mechanical and chemical techniques are included for aluminum alloys, stainless steel, carbon steel, titanium alloys, magnesium alloys, and copper and copper alloys. For aluminum alloys: vapor or non-etching alkaline degreasing; sulfuric acid-sodium dichromate or sulfuric acid-ferric sulfate solution etching; phosphoric and sulfuric acid anodizing; propriety cleaning; secondary bonding; brush plate bond etching; mechanical abrasion; electrochemical cleaning; and anodic etching may be used. For stainless steel: mechanical methods such as wire brushing, rubbing with metal wool, hand sanding, and dry sand, grit, or vapor blast honing; etching using sulfuric-nitric-hydrofluoric, hydrochloric-orthosphosphoric-hydrofluoric, sulfuric-sodium dichromate, sodium metasilicate, and hydrochloric-sulfuric-dichromate acid solutions; and vigorous scouring with wet cloth and commercial household cleaner may be used. Same mechanical methods as that employed in stainless steel and chemical etching by nitric-phosphoric acid solution may be used for carbon steel preparation. For titanium alloys: mechanical abrasion; hydrochloric-orthophosphoric-hydrofluoric acid solution etching; and chromic acid or fluoride anodizing may be used. Surface preparation for magnesium alloys which is closely associated with corrosion prevention shall involve vapor, alkaline-detergent solution, chromic acid, and sodium hydroxide acid degreasing; anodic treatment; and the use of conversion coatings and wash primers. Nitric acid-ferric chloride solution degreasing; sulfuric acid-dichromate-ferric sulfate solution etching; and chemical treatment by nitric-acid-sodium chlorite solutions may be used for copper and copper alloy preparation.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures that have proved satisfactory for preparing various wrought metal surfaces for adhesive bonding. It does not address the preparation of cast metals.
1.2 Surface preparation methods are included for:
MetalSection Aluminum Alloys 7 Stainless Steel 8 Carbon Steel 9 Titanium Alloys10 Magnesium Alloys
Copper and Copper Alloys11
12
1.3 Procedures included herein are based on the commercial practice of numerous agencies and organizations. The methods may be revised or supplemented, as necessary, to include methods based on proven performance.
1.4 The surface preparation of metal systems used for qualification and quality control testing of the adhesive should be agreed upon by both manufacturer and user.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2651 − 01 (Reapproved2008)
Standard Guide for
1
Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Adhesive Bonding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2651; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
It is impossible and impractical to present a single surface-preparation method for a metal group,
such as aluminum alloys, stainless steels, magnesium alloys, etc.The wide variety of individual alloys
and heat treatments under each group, the fact that certain adhesives exhibit specific compatibilities
with surface preparation and the complexity and nature of parts being bonded preclude the use of an
all-inclusive procedure for a metal group. Procedures for aluminum alloys are well standardized,
possiblybecausemorebondinghasbeendonewiththesealloys.Preliminarytestsshouldbeconducted
with the specific adhesive and the exact lot of metals to determine performance.This is especially true
for stainless steel. The adhesive manufacturers’ recommendation should also be considered.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This guide covers procedures that have proved satisfac-
tory for preparing various wrought metal surfaces for adhesive
2. Referenced Documents
bonding. It does not address the preparation of cast metals.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 Surface preparation methods are included for:
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
Metal Section
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-
Aluminum Alloys 7
Stainless Steel 8
tivity of Water
Carbon Steel 9
D2674 Methods ofAnalysis of Sulfochromate Etch Solution
Titanium Alloys 10
Magnesium Alloys 11 Used in Surface Preparation of Aluminum
Copper and Copper Alloys 12
D3933 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Surfaces for
1.3 Proceduresincludedhereinarebasedonthecommercial
Structural Adhesives Bonding (Phosphoric Acid Anodiz-
practice of numerous agencies and organizations. The methods
ing)
may be revised or supplemented, as necessary, to include
3
2.2 ASM International Document:
methods based on proven performance.
Metals Handbook Volume V
1.4 The surface preparation of metal systems used for
4
2.3 Military Specifications:
qualification and quality control testing of the adhesive should
MIL-A-8625 Type II, Anodic Coatings for Aluminum and
be agreed upon by both manufacturer and user.
Aluminum Alloys
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
MIL-M-3171 Magnesium Alloy, Processes for Pretreatment
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
and Prevention of Corrosion
only.
MIL-M-45202 Magnesium Alloy, Anodic Treatment of
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD14onAdhesivesand Available from American Society of Metals (ASM International), 9639 Kins-
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on Metal Bonding Adhesives. man Rd., Materials Park, OH 44073-0002, http://www.asminternational.org.
4
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originally Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D2651 – 01. DOI: Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
10.1520/D2651-01R08. www.dodssp.daps.mil.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2651 − 01 (2008)
5
2.4 SAE Standards: lar treatment method, such as, titration for hexavalent chro-
Aerospace Material Specification 2470 E Anodic Treatment mium (CrO ), iron, chlorides, aluminum, etc. A pH reading or
3
of Aluminum Base Alloy, Chromic Acid Treatment acid content of trichloroethane vapor degreasing solution, or
both, should be obtained. Standards should be established and
3. Terminology
records kept for such tests on each lot or vat of solution.
Recordsshouldindicatethecontinuousconditionsofsolutions,
3.1 Definitions—Many of the terms in this guide are defined
such as amount of constituents added to bring
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2651–90(Reapproved 1995) Designation: D 2651 – 01 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Guide for
1
Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Adhesive Bonding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2651; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
It is impossible and impractical to present a single surface-preparation method for a metal group,
such as aluminum alloys, stainless steels, magnesium alloys, etc.The wide variety of individual alloys
and heat treatments under each group, the fact that certain adhesives exhibit specific compatibilities
with surface preparation and the complexity and nature of parts being bonded preclude the use of an
all-inclusive procedure for a metal group. Procedures for aluminum alloys are well standardized,
possiblybecausemorebondinghasbeendonewiththesealloys.Preliminarytestsshouldbeconducted
with the specific adhesive and the exact lot of metals to determine performance.This is especially true
for stainless steel. The adhesive manufacturers’ recommendation should also be considered.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers procedures that have proved satisfactory for preparing various wrought metal surfaces for adhesive
bonding. It does not address the preparation of cast metals.
1.2 Surface preparation methods are included for:
Metal Section
Aluminum Alloys 7
Aluminum Alloys 8
Stainless Steel 8
Stainless Steel 9
Carbon Steel 9
Carbon Steel 10
Titanium Alloys10 11
Titanium Alloys 11
Magnesium Alloys 12
Copper and Copper Alloys11 13
12
Magnesium Alloys 12
Copper and Copper Alloys 13
1.3 Proceduresincludedhereinarebasedonthecommercialpracticeofnumerousagenciesandorganizations.Themethodsmay
be revised or supplemented, as necessary, to include methods based on proven performance.
1.4 The surface preparation of metal systems used for qualification and quality control testing of the adhesive should be agreed
upon by both manufacturer and user.
1.5This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-14 on Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on Metal Bonding Adhesives.
Current edition approved Nov. 30, 1990. Published January 1991. Originally published as D2651–67. Last previous edition D2651–79(1984).
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on Metal Bonding Adhesives.
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 2651 – 01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 2651 – 01 (2008)
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 907Terminology Relating to Adhesives Terminology of Adhesives
D 1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water
D 2674 Methods of Analysis of Sulfochromate Etch Solution Used in Surface Preparation of Aluminum
D 3933 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Surfaces for Structural Adhesives Bonding (Phosphoric Acid Anodizing)
3
2.2 ASM International Document:
Metals Handbook Volume V
4
2.3 Military Specifications:
MIL-A-8625 Type II, Anodic Coatings for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
MIL-M-3171 Magnesium Alloy, Processes for Pretreatment and Prevention of Corrosion
MIL-M-45202 Magnesium Alloy, Anodic Treatment of
5
2.4 SAE Standards:
Aerospace Material Specification2470—AnodicSpecification 2470 E Anodic Treatment of Aluminum Base Alloy, Chromic
...
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