ASTM D6866-06a
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Natural Range Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Analysis
Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Natural Range Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Analysis
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods do not address environmental impact, product performance and functionality, determination of geographical origin, or assignment of required amounts of biobased carbon necessary for compliance with federal laws.
1.2 These test methods are applicable to any product containing carbon-based components that can be combusted in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) gas.
1.3 These test methods make no attempt to teach the basic principles of the instrumentation used although minimum requirements for instrument selection are referenced in the References section. However, the preparation of samples for the above test methods is described. No details of instrument operation are included here. These are best obtained from the manufacturer of the specific instrument in use.
1.4 Currently, there are no ISO test methods that are equivalent to the test methods outlined in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D6866–06a
Standard Test Methods for
Determining the Biobased Content of Natural Range
Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass
1
Spectrometry Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6866; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* informationregardingthepracticeoftheartofisotopeanalysis
and to facilitate performance of these test methods.
1.1 These test methods do not address environmental im-
3.2 Terminology D883 should be referenced for terminol-
pact, product performance and functionality, determination of
ogy relating to plastics. Although an attempt to list terms in a
geographical origin, or assignment of required amounts of
logical manner (alphabetically) will be made as some terms
biobased carbon necessary for compliance with federal laws.
require definition of other terms to make sense.
1.2 These test methods are applicable to any product con-
3.3 Definitions:
tainingcarbon-basedcomponentsthatcanbecombustedinthe
3.3.1 dpm—disintegrations per minute. This is the quantity
presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO ) gas.
2
of radioactivity. The measure dpm is derived from cpm or
1.3 These test methods make no attempt to teach the basic
counts per minute (dpm = cpm − bkgd / counting efficiency).
principles of the instrumentation used although minimum
6
3
There are 2.2 by 10 dpm / uCi (14,17).
requirements for instrument selection are referenced in the
3.3.2 dps—disintegrationspersecond(ratherthanminuteas
References section. However, the preparation of samples for
above) (14,17).
the above test methods is described. No details of instrument
3.3.3 scintillation—the sum of all photons produced by a
operation are included here. These are best obtained from the
radioactive decay event. Counters used to measure this as
manufacturer of the specific instrument in use.
described in these test methods are Liquid Scintillation
1.4 Currently, there are no ISO test methods that are
Counters (LSC) (14,17).
equivalent to the test methods outlined in this standard.
3.3.4 specific activity (SA)—refers to the quantity of radio-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
activitypermassunitofproduct,thatis,dpmpergram(14,17).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.3.5 automated effıciency control (AEC)—a method used
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
by scintillation counters to compensate for the effect of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
quenching on the sample spectrum (14).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.3.6 AMS facility—a facility performingAccelerator Mass
2. Referenced Documents
Spectrometry.
2
3.3.7 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)—an ultra-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sensitive technique that can be used for measuring naturally
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
occurring radio nuclides, in which sample atoms are ionized,
3. Terminology
accelerated to high energies, separated on basis of momentum,
charge, and mass, and individually counted in Faraday collec-
3.1 The definitions of terms used in these test methods are
tors. This high energy separation is extremely effective in
referenced in order that the practitioner may require further
filteringoutisobaricinterferences,suchthatAMSmaybeused
14 12
to measure accurately the C/ C abundance to a level of 1 in
1 15
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
10 . At these levels, uncertainties are based on counting
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.96 on Environmen-
statistics through the Poisson distribution (8,9).
tally Degradable Plastics and Biobased Products.
3.3.8 background radiation—the radiation in the natural
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2006. Published October 2006. Originally
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D6866-06. environment; including cosmic radiation and radionuclides
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
the ASTM website. this standard.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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D6866–06a
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